142 research outputs found
Mélanges Mandonnet
No full textS. E. Mélanges Mandonnet. In: Échos d'Orient, tome 31, n°166, 1932. pp. 250-251
Evidence for potentials and limitations of brain plasticity using an atlas of functional resectability of WHO grade II gliomas: Towards a "minimal common brain"
No full textDespite recent advances in non-invasive brain mapping imaging, the resectability of a given area in a patient harboring a WHO grade II glioma cannot be predicted preoperatively with high reliability, due to mechanisms of functional reorganization. Therefore, intraoperative mapping by direct electrical stimulation remains the gold standard for detection and preservation of eloquent areas during gliorna surgery, because it enables to perform on-line anatomo-functional correlations. To study potentials and limitations of brain plasticity, we gathered 58 postoperative MRI of patients operated on for a WHO grade II glioma under direct electrical cortico-subcortical stimulation. Postoperative images were registered on the MNI template to construct an atlas of functional resectability for which each voxel represents the probability to observe residual non-resectable tumor, that is, non-compensable area. The resulting atlas offers a rigorous framework to identify areas with high plastic potential (i.e. with probabilities of residual tumor close to 0), with low compensatory capabilities (i.e. probabilities of residual tumor close to 1) and with intermediate level of resectability (probability around 0.5). The resulting atlas highlights the utmost importance of preserving a core of connectivity through the main associative pathways, namely, it supports the existence of a "minimal common brain" among patients. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
Transient inhibition of motor function induced by the Cavitron ultrasonic surgical aspirator during brain mapping
No full textOBJECTIVE: We report, for the first time, the occurrence of interference between a Cavitron ultrasonic surgical aspirator (CUSA) and intraoperative brain mapping performed by direct electrical stimulation (DES). METHODS: Intraoperative polygraphic recordings (electrocorticogram and electromyogram) were gathered from a 44-year-old patient harboring a recurrent Grade II oligoastrocytoma operated on with the aid of a CUSA and DES. RESULTS: Simultaneous use of CUSA and DES at the subcortical level in proximity to the corticospinal tract brought about the abolition of previously evident motor responses. This abolition was fully reversible after the CUSA was turned off. An analogous pattern of motor response inhibition was evident when the DES was applied cortically and the CUSA was used subcortically close to motor pathways. Interestingly, the authors had already observed a similar phenomenon in many patients when the CUSA was used for resection of lesions located within or in proximity to subcortical language pathways. In this setting, the CUSA induced transient speech disturbances that were confirmed afterwards by the DES. This interference with language and motor mapping might be interpreted as a transitory inhibition of axonal conduction. CONCLUSION: The clinical significance of this interference is relevant when the CUSA and DES are used simultaneously for motor mapping because the CUSA can decrease the sensitivity of the brain mapping technique. Further studies will be required to determine the neurophysiological mechanism underlying this interference
A surgical approach to the anatomo-functional structure of language
No full textInternational audienceIntroductionLanguage is the most widely mapped cognitive function during brain surgery. Intraoperative language functional mapping using direct electrical stimulation under awake conditions is currently the gold standard technique for establishing the causal link between an area and a deficit that would be caused by its resection. It is also a powerful tool to investigate the anatomical correlates of current neuropsychological models of language.Material and methodsThe aim of this article is to reexamine the anatomo-functional structure of language that could be inferred from data obtained in direct electrical stimulation studies during awake surgery.ResultsConcomitantly with the development of new neuropsychological models of language, major advances have been made in our understanding of error patterns elicited by language network stimulation, both cortically and axonally. Following the recognition of visual information, the language network of picture naming is organized in parallel into two main dorsal phonological and ventral semantic subsystems that are sustained anatomically by two systems (arcuate fasciculus and inferior fronto-occipital/inferior longitudinal/uncinate fasciculus respectively). Networks of articulatory and motor aspects of speech are now better depicted (aslant tract, third branch of longitudinal fasciculus). Finally, the links between the core language networks and the cognitive control networks are also emerging.ConclusionMastering the language map and its dynamical properties should be a basic prerequisite for any neurosurgeon who wishes to operate on the brain with the aim of optimizing the extent of resection while preserving language abilities
Analysis of genetic variability of resistance to gastrointestinal nematodes in creole goats for selectiob and understanding of mechanisms
No full textLes deux principaux objectifs de ce travail sont de proposer des outils pour la selection d'animaux résistants aux strongles gastro-intestinaux, parasites du tube digestif, et de faire progresser la compréhension des mécanismes de résistance chez la chèvre créole. La variabilité génétique du caractère de résistance au parasitisme digestif a été étudiée afin de vérifier quels critères décrivant le mieux la résistance, peuvent être utilisés pour la sélection. L'ensemble des résultats obtenus suggèrent que le critère d'excrétion d'oeufs et le critère d'éosinophilie sont les plus adaptés pour un schéma de sélection puisqu'ils possèdent une héritabillté moyenne et représentent le mieux la résistance. De plus, ils ne semblent pas en opposition avec le poids, principal critère de production. Le déterminisme génétique de la résistance aux strongles gastro-intestinaux a été étudié et a permis de mettre en évidence l'existence d'un gène majeur pour la résistance chez la population de chèvre créole. De plus, la primo-détection de qtl a permis d'identifier 13 régions du génome ayant un effet sur les critères de résistance. Les mécanismes responsables de la résistance aux strongles gastro-intestinaux ont également été à l'étude. L'ensemble des résultats met en évidence le rôle des éosinophiles dans la mise en place de la résistance aux strongles gastro-intestinaux. L'activité des immunogobulines e semblent dirigés vers les larves l3 d'haemonchus contortus et suggère la mise en place d'une réaction protectrice. Chez la chèvre créole. Ces deux mécanismes semblent donc jouer un rôle important dans la mise en place de la résistance aux strongles gastro-intestinauxThe two main objectives of this work are to propose tools for the selection of resistant animals to gastrointestinal nematodes and advance knowledge on mechanisms of resistance of creole goats. this work has analysed the genetic variability of resistance to digestive parasitism in order to determine which criteria best describes the resistance and can be use for selection. the overall results suggest that the egg excretion and the eosinophilia are the criteria most suitable for a breeding scheme because they have moderate heritability estimates and best represent the resistance. moreover, they do not seem in conflict with the weight, the main criterion of production. the genetic determinism of resistance to gastrointestinal parasites has been studied and has highlighted the existence of a major gene for resistance in creole goats. in addition, the primodetection of qtl identified 13 genomic regions that affect the resistance. the mechanisms behind the resistance to gastrointestinal parasites were also studied and first hypothesis regarding the involvment of the immune response in resistance have been made in goats. the overall results highlighted the role of eosinophils in the development of resistance to gastrointestinal nematodes. the activity of immunoglobulin e seems directed toward l3 larvae of haemonchus contortus and may be imply in the establishment of a protective response agasint nematode parasites. in creole goats, these two mechanisms seem to play an important role in the development of resistance to gastrointestinal nematode infection
El Siger dantesco ayer y hoy
No full textThis article deals with a reconsideration of the well-known problem contained in the lines of Par. X, 133-138 where Dante puts into the mouth of St. Thomas Aquinas a tribute for Siger. It re-examines the question about why did the poet place Siger, whom St. Thomas is supposed to have written against, in a so exalted situation. The argument is considered from several points of view: literal interpretation, History of Medieval Philosophy and historiographic. So, first, the paper resumes the discussion held by Mandonnet, Nardi, Van Steenberghen and Gilson about it on 1910-1940. Then, it points out current historiographical notes on late medieval philosophy, specially about Siger’s statements and his “Averroism”. Finally, on that groundwork, the author proposes another interpretation of those verses.Este artículo trata sobre una reconsideración del conocido problema presente en las líneas de Par. X, 133-138 donde Dante pone en boca de Tomás de Aquino un tributo a Siger. Así, se re-examina la cuestión acerca de por qué el poeta coloca a Siger –sobre el que, se supone, Tomás escribió en contra– en tal exaltada situación. Se analiza esto desde varios puntos de vista: interpretación literal, la Historia de la Filosofía Medieval e historiografía. En primer término, este trabajo resume la discusión desarrollada por Mandonnet, Nardi, Van Steenberghen y Gilson entre los años 1910-1940. Luego, señala notas historiográficas actuales acerca del período de fines del Medioevo, especialmente lo referido a proposiciones de Siger y su “averroismo”. Finalmente, en ese marco, se propone otra interpretación de los versos dantescos
El Siger dantesco ayer y hoy
No full textThis article deals with a reconsideration of the well-known problem contained in the lines of Par. X, 133-138 where Dante puts into the mouth of St. Thomas Aquinas a tribute for Siger. It re-examines the question about why did the poet place Siger, whom St. Thomas is supposed to have written against, in a so exalted situation. The argument is considered from several points of view: literal interpretation, History of Medieval Philosophy and historiographic. So, first, the paper resumes the discussion held by Mandonnet, Nardi, Van Steenberghen and Gilson about it on 1910-1940. Then, it points out current historiographical notes on late medieval philosophy, specially about Siger’s statements and his “Averroism”. Finally, on that groundwork, the author proposes another interpretation of those verses.Este artículo trata sobre una reconsideración del conocido problema presente en las líneas de Par. X, 133-138 donde Dante pone en boca de Tomás de Aquino un tributo a Siger. Así, se re-examina la cuestión acerca de por qué el poeta coloca a Siger –sobre el que, se supone, Tomás escribió en contra– en tal exaltada situación. Se analiza esto desde varios puntos de vista: interpretación literal, la Historia de la Filosofía Medieval e historiografía. En primer término, este trabajo resume la discusión desarrollada por Mandonnet, Nardi, Van Steenberghen y Gilson entre los años 1910-1940. Luego, señala notas historiográficas actuales acerca del período de fines del Medioevo, especialmente lo referido a proposiciones de Siger y su “averroismo”. Finalmente, en ese marco, se propone otra interpretación de los versos dantescos
The aftercare survey: assessment and intervention practices after brain tumor surgery in Europe
No full textNetherlands Organization for Scientific Research [024.001.006]; National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, USA [K01DC016904]; Center for Language and Brain NRU Higher School of Economics, RF Government [14.641.31.0004]Sierpowska, J., Rofes, A., Dahlslätt, K., Mandonnet, E., Ter Laan, M., Połczyńska, M., Hamer, P.D.W., Halaj, M., Spena, G., Meling, T.R., Motomura, K., Reyes, A.F., Campos, A.R., Robe, P.A., Zigiotto, L., Sarubbo, S., Freyschlag, C.F., Broen, M.P.G., Stranjalis, G., Papadopoulos, K., Liouta, E., Rutten, G.-J., Viegas, C.P., Silvestre, A., Perrote, F., Brochero, N., Cáceres, C., Zdun-Ryżewska, A., Kloc, W., Satoer, D., Dragoy, O., Hendriks, M.P.H., Alvarez-Carriles, J.C., Piai, V
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