94 research outputs found
Lohmannia turcmenica Bulanova-Zachvatkina 1960
No full textLohmannia turcmenica BULANOVA- ZACHVATKINA 1960 M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d: Fuman, 15.X.2009, (N: 37 o 13 '; E: 49 o 22 '; 18 m), leg. P. Tajmiri. D i s t r i b u t i o n: Turkmenistan, Spain, Hungary (BALOGH & MAHUNKA 1983); Palearctica meridional, China suboriental, Argentina (SUBIAS 2011); Iran (HADDAD IRANI- NEJAD et al. 2003; MORTAZAVI et al. 2010).Published as part of Mortazavi, S., Tajmiri, P., Hajizadeh, J. & I, Northern, 2012, Oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) associated with raspberry shrubs in Iran, pp. 1311-1317 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 44 (2) on pages 1312-1313, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.533525
Kunstidamaeus tecticola
No full textKunstidamaeus tecticola (Michael, 1888) [101a-e] Syn., Tax.: Damaeus tecticola Michael, 1888. Oribata t.: Kulczynski 1902. Belba t.: Balogh 1943a; Schweizer 1956. Damaeus (Spatiodamaeus) t.: Bulanova-Zachvatkina 1957b. Spatiodamaeus t.: Bulanova-Zachvatkina 1967; Ghilarov & Krivolutsky 1975 (B); Schatz 1983; Olszanowski et al. 1996. Epidamaeus t.: Luxton 1989a (B). Ökologie: Unklar, meist in Moosen gefunden, eventuell trockenliebend. Verbreitung: Europa.Published as part of Weigmann, G. & Miko, L., 2006, Hornmilben (Oribatida) [pages 149 to 212], pp. 149-212 in Hornmilben (Oribatida) [Dahl, Tierwelt Deutschlands, Teil 76], Keltern :Goecke & Evers on pages 192-19
Damaeus (Adamaeus) onustus C. L. Koch
No full text<p>Damaeus (Adamaeus) onustus C.L. Koch, 1844</p> <p>Syn., Tax.: Damaeus onustus C.L. Koch, 1844 (CMA 38.7): Grandjean 1943; van der Hammen 1952; Sellnick 1960 (B); Bulanova-Zachvatkina 1967; Ghilarov & Krivolutsky 1975. D. (Adamaeus) o.: Norton 1977; Balogh & Balogh 1992; Perez-Inigo 1997 (B). Adamaeus o.: Olszanowski et al. 1996; Schatz 1983.</p> <p>- D. geniculatus: Michael 1888; Trägardh 1904; Bulanova-Zachvatkina 1957b. Belba geniculata: Berlese 1887 (AMS 36.4); Oribata geniculata: Oudemans 1900. O. geniculatus: Kulczynski 1902; Sellnick 1928. Die Synonymie mit Michaels D. geniculatus wird allgemein akzeptiert wegen der Größe der Art, die die größte in der Familie und eine der größten Oribatiden überhaupt ist; diese Synonymie ist jedoch nicht gesichert. - B. geniculosa Oudemans, 1929: Willmann 1931; Grandjean 1933b; Balogh 1943a.</p> <p>Ökologie: In Streu in Wäldern, Wiesen; in Moos auf Böden und Felsen.</p> <p>Verbreitung: Europa.</p>Published as part of <i>Weigmann, G. & Miko, L., 2006, Hornmilben (Oribatida) [pages 149 to 212], pp. 149-212 in Hornmilben (Oribatida) [Dahl, Tierwelt Deutschlands, Teil 76], Keltern :Goecke & Evers</i> on pages 185-18
Spatiodamaeus fageti Bulanova-Zachvatkina 1957
No full textSpatiodamaeus cf. fageti Bulanova-Zachvatkina, 1957 (Figs 8–11) Damaeus (Spatiodamaeus) fageti Bulanova-Zachvatkina, 1957, p. 1179, figs. 8–11. Spatiodamaeus fageti: Bulanova-Zachvatkina 1967, p. 143, pl. 6, fig. 92; 1975, p. 125, fig. 236; Miko 2006, p. 187, fig. 99 c–h; Xie et al. 2012, p. 418. Diagnosis. Adult of damaeid shape, large, dark brown to almost black in color, without exuvial scalp or adherent debris. Prodorsum with apophyses P; tubercles Da, Ba and Bp well developed. Sensillus short, nearly same width throughout its length, its distal 1 / 3 part finely barbed. Interlamellar seta long, nearly as long as sensillus. Notogastral setae 10 or 11 pairs (see Miko, 2006), thin, smooth, subequal in length; spina adnata of moderate size, conspicuously diverging distally as viewed in dorsal aspect, but strongly curved downwards from lateral view. Full complement of ventral enantiophyses E 2, V and S strongly developed; epimeral region II with two pairs of setae; epimeral seta 1 c inserted on large tubercle; discidium well developed, acute distally. Setae d on genua I–III much longer and thicker than respective coupled solenidia σ. Deutonymph slimmer than adult, elongated, lightly pigmented. Prodorsal setae ro and le medium long, finely barbed, le conspicuously thicker than ro; setae in and ex relatively short; sensillus setiform, finely barbed. Gastronotum slightly elongate, with posterior excrescence; most of dorsal gastronotic setae very long, raised and inserted on large sclerites, setae of c -series and la finely barbed; setae of p -series relatively short. Cornicle thick, long, inserted at level of seta h 2. Adult. Dimensions. Body length 647–720 Μm; length of notogaster 476–521 Μm; width of notogaster 415–451 Μm. Integument. Adult dark brown to virtually black in color. Surface of body and legs with thick cerotegument having granular to short columnar excrescences. Only distal portions of leg tarsi, gnathosoma and setiform organs free of cerotegument. Cuticle microtuberculate conspicuously in lateral regions of prodorsum and around leg acetabula I and II. Exuvial scalps and adherent debris absent. Prodorsum (Fig. 8 A, C). Rostrum rounded in dorsal view, but conspicuously projecting anteroventrally in lateral view, with dark transverse band at level of setae ro in transmitted light due to contour of transverse groove and underlying rostrophragma. With pair of central swellings at level of legs I (above sigillae for cheliceral retractor muscles). Prodorsal enantiophyses A absent, but tubercles and Da, Ba and Bp well developed, nearly conical in shape, their tips rounded. Propodolateral apophysis P well developed, subtriangular. Prodorsal setae mostly smooth, only setae ro and in with minute barbs. Rostral seta 121 Μm in length, lamellar seta 139 Μm long, thin; interlamellar seta 117 Μm long, directed posterolaterad; exobothridial seta 65 Μm long. Sensillus 176 Μm long, nearly same width throughout its length, its distal 1 / 3 finely barbed. Bothridium typical of family, irregular funnelshaped, directed posterolaterad, with large opening (Fig. 8 C). Notogaster (Fig. 8). Almost circular, slightly longer than wide. Spinae adnatae thin, moderate length (96 Μm), in dorsal view directed anterolaterally, but strongly incurved ventrad in lateral view; mutual distance slightly greater that of setal pair c 2. Ten pairs of notogastral setae medium in length, thin, smooth; seta h 1 absent; setae of c - and l -series 130–136 Μm, h -series 88–102 Μm, p -series 91–108 Μm in length. Seta c 1 directed anteriorly, c 2 laterally, other setae directed posterolaterally. Lyrifissures ia, im, ih, ip, ips and opisthosomal gland opening (gla) well developed. Gnathosoma (Fig. 8 B). Subcapitular mentum slightly wider than long. Mentum microtuberculate, subcapitular setae h 74 Μm, m 59 Μm, a 28 Μm long, thin, smooth. Chelicera 149 Μm in length, fixed and movable digits with three blunt teeth on each, setae cha and chb finely barbed. Palp slender, 112 Μm in length, palpal setation: 0–2 – 1– 3 – 9, including solenidion. Epimeral region (Fig. 8 B, C). Epimeral tubercles E 2 a, E 2 p, ventrosejugal tubercles Va and Vp well developed, large. Parastigmatic tubercles Sa and Sp subtriangular, Sa elongate, much longer than Sp. Discidium (di) elongate, spiniform, acute at tip. Epimeral setae thin, smooth; inserted on small tubercles; seta 1a 56 Μm, 1 b 120 Μm, 1 c 63 Μm, 2a 74 Μm, 2 b 75 Μm, 3a 82 Μm, 3 b 93 Μm, 3 c 85 Μm, 4a 121 Μm, 4 b 86 Μm, 4 c 84 Μm and 4 d 85 Μm in length. Epimeral setal formula: 3 – 2–3 – 4. FIGURE 12. Adult (A–D) and deutonymph (E–H) of Spatiodamaeus cf. fageti, compound microscope images (not to scale). (A) Rostral seta of adult; (B) Sensillus of adult; (C) Interlamellar seta and spina adnata of adult; (D) Part of epimeral region showing parastigmatic tubercle in adult; (E) Gastronotic setae c 2 and la in deutonymph; (F) Cornicle k of deutonymph; (G) Gastronotic seta c 3 of deutonymph; (H) Posterior part of gastronotum showing insertions of setae h 1 - h 3 and p 1 of deutonymph. Ano - genital region (Fig. 8 B, C). Anal and genital plates almost smooth, with sparse microtubercles. Genital opening 139 Μm in length and 125 Μm in width, anal opening 121 Μm long and 118 Μm wide. Ano-genital setae thin, smooth, genital setae 56–71 Μm, aggenital seta 81 Μm, anal setae 57–62 Μm, adanal setae 58–65 Μm in length. Adanal lyrifissure (iad) situated obliquely, at level of anal seta an 2. Legs (Figs 9, 10). Structure of legs I–IV typical for genus, sub-moniliform. Trochanter and femur IV subequal in length; each with distal tectum rounded, not projecting. Setae d on genua I–III much longer and thicker than respective coupled solenidia σ; solenidia φ 1 of tibia I and ω 1 of tarsus I situated on distinct dorsal projections. Formula of leg setation (including famulus): I (1–7 – 4 – 4–21), II (1–6 – 4 – 4–17), III (2–4 – 4 – 4–16); IV (1–4 – 4 – 3– 15); formula of solenidia: I (1–2 – 2); II (1 – 1–2); III (1 – 1 –0); IV (0–1 –0). Homology of leg setae and solenidia as indicated in Table 2. Adult v ’ d, bv ”, (l), (v) d σ, (l), v ’ (l), (v), φ, d (ft), (tc), (p), (u), (a), s, (pv), ω 1, ω 2, (it), (v) lost Leg III Deutonymph. Dimensions. Body length (excluding posterior excrescence of gastronotum) 488 µm, width of gastronotum 238 µm, length of gastronotum 323 µm. Integument. Body cuticle yellowish to light brownish. Prodorsum, epimeral region and legs with tuberculate cerotegument. Tubercles of medium size, round to slightly elongate conical. Cuticle of medio-basal part of gastronotum with minute granules. Lateral body sides, epimeral and anogenital regions slightly folded. With securely attached exuvial scalp of previous instars. Prodorsum (Fig. 11 A). Subtriangular, relatively short, about 1 / 2 length of gastronotum. Rostrum widely rounded, rostral seta 67 µm long, setiform, finely barbed. Lamellar seta 80 µm in length, finely barbed, conspicuously thicker than ro, both setae without cerotegument. Interlamellar seta 32 µm long, truncate, smooth, blunt distally; exobothridial seta 30 µm long, pointed distally. Sensillus setiform, 144 µm long, with fine barbs. Bothridium irregular funnel shaped, with large opening. Gastronotic region (Fig. 11 A, B). Slightly elongate, with large posterior excrescence bearing setae h 1 and p 1. Gastronotic setae inserted on isolated sclerotized tubercles, except tubercle of pair h 1 connected by inconspicuous medial sclerite. With 12 pairs of gastronotic setae (с 1 – с 3, la, lm, lp, h 1 – h 3, p 1 – p 3); most of dorsal setae very long; setae of c -series and la finely barbed, other setae smooth; setae c 3 and p -series relatively short. Seta c 1 262 µm, c 2 256 µm, c 3 70 µm, la 253 µm, lm 202 µm, lp 189 µm, h 1 304 µm, h 2 125 µm, h 3 154 µm, p 1 64 µm, p 2 61 µm, p 3 54 µm in length. Cupules ia, ih, ips and opisthosomal gland opening (gla) clearly developed. Cornicle (k) by which gastronotic exuviae of previous instars firmly attached, thick, elongate and tapered terminally, 115 µm long, inserted at level of seta h 2. Protonymphal exuvial scalp of reticulate granular sculpture, without additional adherent materials, firmly fastened to gastronotum, and located directly over the central region (Fig. 11 C); with nine pairs of setae (с 1, с 2, с 3, la, lm, lp, h 1, h 2, h 3). Gnathosoma (Fig. 11 B). Subcapitular setae a, m and h of medium size, 9–14 µm, setiform, smooth. Adoral setae short, thin, smooth. Palp with setation 0–2 – 1–3 – 9 (+ω). Solenidion (ω) of palptarsus thickened, straight, blunt-ended. Chelicera with two setiform setae, cha longer than chb. Trägårdh’s organ (Tg) inconspicuous. Epimeral region (Fig. 11 B). Epimeral setae simple, thin, smooth, without cerotegument; setae 1 b and 3 b about twice as long as other setae. Setal formula of epimeres: 3 – 1–2 – 2. Ano-genital region (Fig. 11 B). Genital papillae sub-equal in size; adanal cupules iad well developed. Genital, aggenital and anal setae thin, smooth; three pairs of genital (right plate with four setae), one pair of aggenital and three pairs of adanal setae. Cupules ih and ips appearing in normal ontogenetic pattern. Legs. Tarsus I and tibia I relatively thin, solenidion φ 1 on tibia I very long, slightly flagellate, with coupled seta d. Solenidia on tibiae II–IV of medium size or short, thickened, straight, with respective coupled setae d; famulus ε regressive, sunken, submerged in fovea with sclerotized, cup-like elevated rim. Most setae of legs barbed, except p on tarsi. Formulas of leg setation: I (1–4 – 4–5 – 16), II (1–4 – 4 – 4–13), III (2–3 – 3–4 – 13), IV (0– 2 – 3 – 3–12), formula of solenidia: I (1–2 – 2), II (1 – 1–2), III (1 – 1 –0); IV (0–1 –0). Homology of leg setae and solenidia as indicated in Table 2. Material examined. Two adults (male and female) and one deutonymph: Khuitnii-Am area, Mts Mongol Altai, close to Lake Dayan, District Sagsai, Province Bayan-Ulgii, fruticose lichens growing on larch tree barks (Larix sibiricus Ledebour, 1833), N 48 o 14 ’, E 88 o 55 ’, elevation 2356 m a.s.l., 18 July 2010, Col. B. Bayartogtokh. Remarks. As mentioned above, due to inadequate original definition, the identity of some of the known species of Spatiodamaeus had long been in doubt. One of such inadequately defined species is S. fageti (see Bulanova-Zachvatkina, 1967, 1975; Cancela da Fonseca and Bahou, 1970; Miko, 2006). When first trying to determine the specific name of our materials, we were doubted due to lack of the detailed definition of these disputable species, and therefore, the present identification can be questioned. However, our identification is based on the diagnoses of selected species of Spatiodamaeus by Miko (2006) and Xie et al. (2012), and oriented on such characters of adults as anterior notogastral setae not strongly curved, and these setae are neither darkly colored nor thicker than other setae, but more or less straight, similar to other setae in size and color; interlamellar setae long, nearly as long as sensilli; formula of setation on genua of legs: 4 – 4 – 4 – 4; formula of trochanter: 1 – 1–2 – 1. Further studies on topotypic material are important for making sure if our identification is correct. It is worth to mention that Miko (2006) noted 11 pairs of notogastral setae in adults of S. fageti, but we observed only 10 pairs in our studied materials. Similarly to our observation, Seniczak et al. (2013) showed 10 pairs of notogastral setae in adults of S. verticillipes (Nicolet, 1855), and noted lacking one of the setae of h -series. For S. verticillipes, it is apparently an ontogenetic loss as tritonymph of this species has complete set of setae h -series. Deutonymph of this species can be differentiated from those of other species of Spatiodamaeus, the immature morphology of which is known, by the 1) relatively short sensillus and gastronotic setae c 1, c 2, lm, lp as opposed to very long sensilli and respective gastronotic setae in juveniles of other species; 2) relatively thick nymphal cornicle in contrast to the narrow cornicles in juveniles of other species. Distribution and habitat ecology. This species, which until now had been reported only from central and eastern Europe (Germany, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Ukraine and European Russia), has been collected from the high mountainous area in western Mongolia. This is the first record of this species in Asia. As for habitat ecology, Bulanova-Zachvatkina (1957 a) noted that S. fageti preferred litter of oak forest, mosses growing on trunks of oak and beech trees and decaying wood. According to Miko (2006), this species inhabits the litter and wet moss cushions in deciduous and mixed forests as well as peatlands. We found both adults and a deutonymph of this species from the fruticose lichens (Usnea sp.) growing on larch tree trunk in a high mountainous area.Published as part of Bayartogtokh, Badamdorj, Burkitbaeva, Ulzhan D. & Enkhbayar, Tojoo, 2016, Lichenophilous species of Epidamaeus and Spatiodamaeus from high mountains of Mongolia, with remarks on their ontogeny (Acari: Oribatida), pp. 451-474 in Zootaxa 4097 (3) on pages 463-470, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4097.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/27108
Belba bartosi Winkler
No full textBelba bartosi Winkler, 1955 [106d,e] Syn., Tax.: Belba bartosi Winkler, 1955; Winkler 1957a (B). Bernini 1982; Perez-Inigo 1997. - B. pseudocorynopus: Märkel & Meyer 1960; Bulanova-Zachvatkina 1967; Ghilarov & Krivolutsky 1975 (B); Olszanowski et al. 1996. Ökologie: Verbreitet in Streu und Oberboden von Wäldern. Verbreitung: Europa.Published as part of Weigmann, G. & Miko, L., 2006, Hornmilben (Oribatida) [pages 149 to 212], pp. 149-212 in Hornmilben (Oribatida) [Dahl, Tierwelt Deutschlands, Teil 76], Keltern :Goecke & Evers on page 19
Neobelba pseudopapillipes Bulanova-Zachvatkina 1967, s. str.
No full textRedescription of Neobelba pseudopapillipes Bulanova-Zachvatkina, 1967 Diagnosis (adult, immatures unknown). Damaeid mite of medium size with increased number of setae on trochanters and femora: setal formula of trochanters 1 - 1-4 - 3, setal formula of femora 10 - 10 - 9 - 9. Solenidia of all legs, with exception of φ 1 on tibia I and φ on tibia IV, relatively short. All solenidia of genu I – III and tibia II – IV with associated companion seta d. Prodorsum without propodolateral apophysis P, with one pair of tubercles in dorsosejugal area (B a –B p). Both sensillus and interlamellar seta with elongated and attenuated, flagellate tips. Distinct round area (apd) resembling area porosa present anterior to insertion of interlamellar seta. Notogastral setae, at least in the posterior part of notogaster, clearly bent and characteristically thickened near base, when seen in lateral view. Ventral side without apparent tubercles. Discidium narrow, bent posterolaterad, claw-like. Material examined. Neotype and 14 paraneotypes: Russia, Voronezh region, Ramonskiy district, forest near village of Aydarovo, 51 ° 54 ’02”N, 39 ° 18 ’05”E, about 157 m a.s.l.: mixed broad-leaved forest with dominance of Quercus spp., Populus tremula, Betula pendula and Pinus silvestris, in the forest floor; collected 16.6. 2012, leg. V. Kolesnikov. The type series will be deposited in the following collections: The neotype and 2 paraneotypes in the Acarological Collections of Senckenberg Museum für Naturkunde Görlitz (Germany), 2 paraneotypes in Arachnological Collections in zoological department of the National Museum in Prague (Czech Republic), 3 paraneotypes in private collection of Ladislav Miko and remaining 7 paraneotypes in collection of V. Kolesnikov. Further material examined (not included in the neotype series). Slovakia, East Slovak region, Košice – Kavečany, in the area of zoological gardens, 48 ° 47 ’ 25 ”N, 21 ° 11 ’ 54 ”E), 430 m a.s.l., mixed broad-leaved forest with dominance of Carpinus betulus and Quercus spp., with deforested grassy patches, in the litter. 4 individuals, collected 2.8. 1989, leg Ľubomír Kováč. 2 individuals deposited in Arachnological Collections in zoological department of the National Museum in Prague (Czech Republic), 2 individuals in private collection of Ladislav Miko. Description (adult). Figs 1 – 4. Dimensions Total body length 480 – 530 (510), ventral length 430 – 498 (452); maximal width of notogaster 260 – 300 (278), maximal width of prodorsum 185 – 230 (208); n= 10. Length of legs and other detailed measurements in Table 1. Lengths of setae (all in µm), n= 5 Prodorsum Notogaster Ventral part of body ro 67 (62 – 70) c 1 96 (90 – 99) 1a 31 (30 – 32) le 75 (70 – 78) l a 86 (81 – 90) 2a 32 (30 – 34) in 124 (115 – 130) l p 92 (87 – 97) 3 c 37 (34 – 39) ex 37 (34 – 39) h 3 95 (92 – 98) 4 b 38 (37 – 39) ss 165 (155 – 170) h 1 64 (63 – 66) g 1 28 (27 – 31) p 1 60 (58 – 62) ag 37 (34 – 38) p 3 34 (33 – 36) an 1 34 (30 – 38) ad 1 40 (38 – 41) Lengths of legs and leg segments (n= 5). Integument. Color medium reddish brown, individuals from Slovakia lighter, yellowish brown. Almost whole body surface covered by thick layer of cerotegument, mostly amorphous and/or granular (epimeral area), with filamentous excrescences present as well, being most prominent in sejugal area. Rostral and lamellar seta covered by cerotegument, except of tip of ro (Fig. 1 D). Club-like bunch of filamentous and amorphous cerotegument present on distal part of sensillus, about between half and three quarters of its length, just before distal attenuated part (Fig. 1 C). Notogastral setae without cerotegument cover. Legs covered by thick layer of cerotegument, except distal part of all tarsi (only showed on Figs 3 and 4, in other Figs omitted). Underlying cuticle smooth or microtuberculate. Adults bearing gastronotic exuviae of immature stages, often with small particles of adhered foreign material, exuviae however loosely attached and often lost during extraction. Prodorsum. Figs 1 A, 2 A, 2 B. Prodorsum conical, broadly triangular in dorsal view, sharply narrowed in sejugal area. Rostrum rounded, centrally with weakened cuticle appearing dorsally as lighter triangular area. Insertions of rostral setae (ro) on small tubercles, which are positioned at end of short ridges or lines running parallel to prodorsum edge. Insertions of lamellar setae (le) on posterior edge of arch, created by more sclerotised ribs running along lateral edge of prodorsum, and further between le insertions, in this area less visible and forming 2-3 less distinct lines. Apophysis P absent, edge of prodorsum lateral to bothridia almost rounded, in some cases most lateral part of prodorsum with short, straight edges, subparallel to body axis. Single enantiophyse present in dorsosejugal area (considered to be centrodorsal enantiophyse D, for questions of homology see discussion in Remarks), well developed, with anterior tubercle (Da) smaller, broadly triangular and sitting on sclerotised oblique ridge running from posterior end of bothridial area. Posterior centrodorsal tubercle (Dp) larger, about twice longer than Da, conical, its base hidden under anterior edge of notogaster. Enantiophyses B (postbothridial) and L (lateral) absent, but slight elevations and thickenings of cuticle above the apophyse S a and posterior to bothridia may in dorsal view resemble flat tubercles L a.and B a . Parastigmatic apophyses spiniform, oblique, with tips overlapping in dorsal view. S a with broader base, and, when seen ventrally, much longer than (about twice as long as) S p. Apophyse S p more narrow, with subparallel edges, better observable in ventral view, sharp-tiped. Bothridium positioned on elevated and more sclerotised area, short but distinct ridge runs from its base anteromediad. Interlamellar seta (in) inserted on small, distinct tubercle. Small, pore-like opening present behind insertion of ex (Fig 1 C, 2 A), distinct pore visible also in lateral view behind acetabulum II in sejugal area (Fig 2 A). Unusual, distinctly pronounced area, resembling porose areas of other oribatids, present anterior to in insertion (prodorsal area, apd). Rostral (ro) and lamellar (le) setae of subequal length, curved inwards, with spinuli (le) or barbs (ro) on outer curvature, le slightly stronger at their base. Interlamellar seta (in) longer than ro and le, with sparse barbs in middle part and with long, flagellate tip, the latter often broken away (Fig. 1 C, 2 B). Exobothridial seta (ex) relatively long, directed anteriad, bent, gradually attenuated distally, setiform. Bothridial funnel as usual in Damaeidae, cup-like, relatively large, positioned relatively far laterally. Distinct fields of sigillae (muscle insertions) present on prodorsum, two anteriad—anteriomediad to bothridia and in, one in interbothridial area. Lateral edges of two anterior fields strengthened and more sclerotised, creating a kind of narrow ridge. Notogaster. Figs 1 A, 2 A. Notogaster circular or sub-circular in dorsal view, in lateral view almost hemispherical, very slightly eccentric with maximum height slightly posterior to center. Notogastral setae strong, setiform to spiniform, relatively long, pointing more or less radially outwards of notogaster. In dorsal view they may appear straight or almost straight (Fig. 1 D), but almost all clearly bent when seen in lateral view. Proximal part of some setae, seen in lateral view, with distinct and very characteristic thickening, with external edge curved proximally almost rectangularly (Fig. 1 D– h 1, Fig. 2 A). In some individuals, some notogastral setae (usually of rows l or h) may be bent outwards distally, creating slightly S-form shape in lateral view (Fig. 2 E). Posterior notogastral setae (p 1 -p 3 ) shorter, bent, without thickening at base, pointing laterad or posterolaterad. Circumgastric row of muscle sigillae distinct, well visible. Two pairs of minute light spots present on notogaster posteriad or posteromediad to insertions of setae la and lp (indicated by black arrows on Fig. 1 A). Gnathosoma. Subcapitulum as usual for family, diarthric, with three pairs of setae. Setae fine, setiform, curved, in ventral view seta m appearing longest, but in lateral view almost equal to h, seta a slightly shorter. Setal formula of palp 0-2 - 1-3 - 9 (1), solenidion ω adhered to surface of palp tarsus and hard to observe (Fig. 2 D). Chelicera of shape and relative size as usual in Damaeidae, seta cha longer, bent outwards proximally and inwards distally, with short barbs on external curvature and attenuated tip, seta chb straight, distally bent and with fringe of diminishing barbs (Fig. 2 C). Epimeral region. Fig 1 B. Mentotectum relatively narrow, low. Ventral tubercles absent, however, pair of triangular internal cuticular thickenings present at place of posterior ventrosejugal tubercles (Vp), which may be misinterpreted as tubercles. Ventrosejugal groove relatively broad and quite deep, laterally distinctly bordered by posterior edge of elongated apophyse S a. Epimeres III with standard set of 3 setae, epimeral setal formula 3 - 1-3 - 4. Epimeral setae subequal in length, fine, setiform and smooth, shorter than other setae of body. Epimeres with muscular sigillae, well visible, particularly closer to axial part. Anogenital region. Fig. 1 B. Discidium (dis) narrow, elongated and bent backwards, claw-like. Genital opening larger than anal opening, circumgenital area framed by indistinct anterior and posterior ridge, surface of genital plates along setal insertions rugged. Preanal sclerite with two distinct lateral projections. Setal formula of anogenital region as in other Damaeidae: genital g: 6; aggenital ag: 1; anal an: 2; adanal ad: 3. Adanal setae, particularly ad 3, inserted far from anal opening and closer to lateral edge of ventral plate. All anogenital setae smooth, setiform, subequal in length, similar to epimeral setae. Lyrifissure iad apoanal—oblique and divergent from body axis posteriad. Legs. Figs 3, 4. Legs monodactylous, relatively short (leg I shorter than body, leg IV about as long as body length, slightly longer than ventral length, other legs also shorter than body, and overall length of legs increasing from leg I to leg IV—see Table 1). Leg segments with distinctly swollen distal parts (moniliform), except tarsi, where swollen part is proximal. Leg setae strong, setiform to spiniform, short to medium long, always shorter than their respective segment, mostly slightly bent, often with barbs or small spines at their outer curvatures. Dorsal setae of trochanters, femora, genua, and seta ft” of all tarsi very strong, robust, strongly and almost rectangularly bent proximally, mostly with long distinct spines at external curvature. Lateral setae of genua and tibiae usually similarly developed, but slightly smaller, other setae more narrow, or almost simply setiform, more straight and usually shorter. Leg setal formula except of seta d on tibia IV identical to species of Metabelba, as follows: leg I: 1- 10 - 4 [1]- 4 (2)- 20 (2); leg II: 1-10 - 4 [1]- 5 [1]- 17 (2); leg III: 4-9 - 4 [1]- 5 [1]- 17 (0); leg IV: 3-9 - 4-5 [1]- 14 (0). Famulus (e) normal, setiform, emergent, relatively long. Solenidia of genu I, II and III each coupled with companion seta d, as well as solenidia of tibia II, III and IV. Length of solenidia on genua subequal to length of companion seta, tibial solenidia II–III slightly longer than respective companion setae, tibial solenidion IV about twice as long as companion seta or even slightly longer (Fig. 3 D, E). Solenidia of tibia I free as typical for Damaeidae, setiform, tactile, φ 1 very long, about 2,8 times longer than φ 2. Solenidia of tarsus I relatively short, setiform, pointed, solenidion ω 1 about twice as long as ω 2, distally bent. Solenidia of tarsus II straight, blunt, subequal in length. Ontogeny. Unknown. Geographical distribution and ecology. N. pseudopapillipes is recorded only very rarely. Except classical localities of Bulanova-Zachvatkina (1967) in Moldova and Central Russia, and two localities presented here (Slovakia and Russia—Voronezh region), we are aware of only two other potential records, both from Italy—one from Alps in province of Trentino (Baratti et al., 2000), from ski slopes in elevation of about 1600-1700 m a.s.l., and another one from beech and oak forests in southern Tuscany, from elevation between 300 and 800 m a.s.l. (Migliorini et al., 2002). However, in both cases the species found was reported as “ N. cf. pseudopapillipes ”, so there is no definitive clarity, if the species indeed belonged to N. pseudopapillipes. Subías (2004, 2013) reported this species from “Europa Meridional”, but it remains unclear to us on which basis. Looking on confirmed localities of the species, it may be expected in lowland, alluvial and midland forests, dominated by Quercus and Carpinus, even if it cannot be excluded that the species occurs also in other type of litter of the forests in the (?southern) temperate zone and also in forest-steppic habitats in the south-eastern Europe. The species may be therefore expected, besides known localities in Russia, Moldova and Slovakia, also in Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Romania and Hungary at least. Remarks on species and its generic status. N. pseudopapillipes as re-described here fits very well to known characters of the species, as defined by Bulanova-Zachvatkina (1967, 1975) and reviewed above. Nevertheless, few differences appeared and raised the question of the identity of our material with original pseudopapillipes. The observed discrepancies relate to the sejugal enantiophyses. While in original description there is recorded unspecified presence of paired tubercles in dorsosejugal area, and no ventral tubercles mentioned, in updated version Bulanova-Zachvatkina (1975) states, that dorsal tubercles should be B 1 and B 2, i.e anterior and posterior postbothridial tubercle (B a and B p as they are named today). In the same place, the presence of posterior ventrosejugal tubercle V 2 is recorded (V p in recent notation). In present work, we consider (consistently with situation in several Metabelba species) the present dorsal tubercles to be D a and D p, based on their rather central position axial to the level of in insertions. Nevertheless, homology of these tubercles remains unclear, as they may be more linked to the development of latero – posterior rather than postero-axial end of bothridial cuticular protuberance. This is supported by the argumentation of Behan Pelletier & Norton (1985) and by the fact that protuberance on which is positioned bothridium is in N. pseudopapillipes connected with anterior tubercle of this enantiophysis by oblique ridge (Fig. 2 B). Shift of the whole enantiophyse in axial direction may be also explained by narrowing of the whole body in the sejugal area. Regarding presence of ventrosejugal posterior tubercle V p (corresponding to V 2 of Bulanova-Zachvatkina), we note that cuticular triangular thickenings in corresponding area may be interpreted as apophyses, when seen purely in ventral view. Nevertheless, observation from another angle (lateral) shows that there is no protuberance present, and tubercle V p is missing. As all other characters fit exactly the description of Bulanova-Zachvatkina, and no other similar species was found yet, we consider the identity of our individuals with Neobelba pseudopapillipes proved. The species shows important similarities with species of the genus Metabelba Grandjean, 1936. Development of prodorsum and notogaster and their setae, characters of ventral part of the body as well as the legs are identical or very similar. As far as we know, the following characters can be considered as unique for pseudopapillipes: (a) presence of companion seta d, coupled with solenidion on tibia IV, (b) presence of distinct prodorsal area (apd), resembling area porosa, anterior to insertion of interlamellar seta in, (c) characteristic form of notogastral setae, bent and thickened at the base in lateral view. Absence or presence of accompanied setae related to tibial solenidia is broadly accepted as important distinguishing character at generic or even supra-generic level; however, this mostly applies to total absence (all tibial solenidia free) than to the absence of individual companion seta. On the other hand, setation of the leg IV seems to be of greater importance than in legs II and III, and absence of companion seta on tibia IV was used as one of the distinguishing characters, e.g., between Belba von Heyden, 1826 and Caenobelba Norton, 1979 or Dyobelba Norton, 1980. Subías (2004) placed genus Neobelba as a subgenus to genus Metabelba, and later (Subías, 2013) even synonymized it with Metabelba s. str. We assume that the motivation for this move was in great morphological similarity of N. pseudopapillipes and species of the genus Metabelba. Mourek et al. (2012) considered Neobelba as a separate genus, until more information about morphology of this taxon will be available, and mentioned namely the chaetotaxy of leg femora. To decide about the status of Neobelba it is crucial to weight the value of presence vs. loss of seta d on tibia IV, accompanying the respective solenidion. As demonstrated above, this character can be used as distinguishing between the genera. This supports the idea that presence or loss of seta d on tibia IV is rather a generic than a specific character within Damaeidae. In all cases where it differentiates between the genera, however, this character is combined with some additional distinguishing characters. Two other distinguishing characters of N. pseudopapillipes mentioned above can hardly be seen as generic: variability of notogastral setae within the genus Metabelba is very broad, and areas similar to prodorsal area apd appear on different places and different species throughout the family. This leaves only single generic character to distinguish Neobelba from Metabelba. In our view, the only solution of the problem is in placing Neobelba to broader Metabelba concept at the subgeneric level. The proposed synonymy of Neobelba and Metabelba s. str. must be rejected. Nominal subgenus of Metabelba has well developed propodolateral apophysis P, which is clearly missing in Neobelba. On the other hand, N. pseudopapillipes closely resembles some of the species of recently defined subgenus Pateribelba Mourek, Miko & Bernini, 2012. It has to be noted that notation of the prodorsal tubercles in Mourek et al. (2012) followed the same approach of designation based on the physical position of tubercles (axially to the level of setae in insertions), the discussion above on homology of tubercles observed in Neobelba applies as well. Particularly interesting is the common presence of such subtle characters like the presence of 2 pairs of light spots on the notogaster near the insertions of l a and l p in most of Pateribelba species studied and in Neobelba; or the form and size of setae on leg segments (e.g. dorsal setae on trochanters, femora and genua or length and form of solenidia except solenidion of tibia IV) very similar e.g. in both M.(P.) sphagni Strenzke, 1950 and N. pseudopapillipes. These common characters further support inclusion of Neobelba into Metabelba. As argued above, we consider the presence of companion seta on tibia IV to be a character at generic level, and therefore reject the synonymy with Pateribelba and support the original proposal of Subías (2004), i.e. to place Neobelba as a separate subgenus of the genus Metabelba, with close relation to subgenus Pateribelba.Published as part of Miko, Ladislav & Kolesnikov, Vasiliy B., 2014, Taxonomy of European Damaeidae (Acari: Oribatida) VII. Redescription of Neobelba pseudopapillipes Bulanova-Zachvatkina, 1967 with comments on its generic status, pp. 374-384 in Zootaxa 3796 (2) on pages 376-383, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3796.2.9, http://zenodo.org/record/22945
Trans-presentation of IL-15 dictates IFN-producing killer dendritic cells effector functions.
No full textSemantic models of phraseological units denoting adverse emotions and feelings
No full text© 2019, Universidad del Zulia. All rights reserved. The present paper investigates into the semantic features, internal form and meaning of phraseological units (PU) expressing adverse emotions and feelings of a person in the English (EL) and German (GL) languages via a detailed comparative analysis of the semantic models of phraseological units. As a result, most of the PU denoting adverse emotions and feelings of a person are metaphorical and figurative. In conclusion, national-cultural characteristics have a direct explanation of the differences even in closely related languages
Oppia denticulata
No full text<p>Oppia denticulata (R. & G. Canestrini, 1882) [152d,e]</p> <p>Syn., Tax.: Belba denticulata R. & D. Canestrini 1882. Damaeosoma d.: Paoli 1908. Oppia d.: van der Hammen 1952; Ghilarov & Krivoluckij 1975; Schatz 1983; Tarman 1983; Bernini & Arcidiacono 1985; Woas 1986; Subias & Arillo 1991; Subias & Gil-Martin 1997.</p> <p>- Belba (Damaeosoma) concolor. Berlese 1887. Damaeosoma c.: Berlese 1895. Oppia c.: Willmann 1931; Balogh 1943; Sellnick 1960; Bulanova-</p> <p>Zachvatkina 1967; Seniczak 1975; Balogh 1983; Mahunka & Mahunka-Papp 1999c.</p> <p>Nicht " Damaeus concolor ": Oudemans 1937: die Art wurde von Willmann (1931) fehlinterpretiert, obgleich Originalbeschreibung und Abbildung auf die Zugehörigkeit zu Damaeidae hinweist.</p> <p>- Die Artidentität wurde mit topotypischem Material von Vallombrosa durch van der Hammen (1952) nachgewiesen (bestätigt von Kunst, unpubl).</p> <p>Ökologie: Ziemlich eurytop, in verschiedenen Habitaten, selten.</p> <p>Verbreitung: Südliche Paläarktis (Zentral- und Südeuropa, Kaukasus)</p>Published as part of <i>Weigmann, G. & Miko, L., 2006, Hornmilben (Oribatida) [pages 261 to 322], pp. 261-322 in Hornmilben (Oribatida) [Dahl, Tierwelt Deutschlands, Teil 76], Keltern :Goecke & Evers</i> on pages 288-28
Damaeidae
No full text<p>Damaeidae Berlese, 1896</p> <p>Die Arten der Damaeidae sind morphologisch gut erkennbar an ihrer relativ einheitlichen Gestalt, mit dem typischen, etwa dreieckigen Prodorsum und dem runden bis rundlich-ovalen und meist hoch aufgewölbten, halbkugeligen Notogaster. Die Familie ist artenreich, und weitere morphologische Merkmale kommen eher irregulär vor, weshalb die Gattungsgliederung innerhalb der Familie als wenig gesichert angesehen werden muß. Typische Merkmale der Familie sind nach Norton (1979a), Bulanova-Zachvatkina (1957b, 1962, 1967), Wang & Norton (1989) und Miko & Travé (1996) die folgenden: Eupherederme Oribatida unterschiedlicher Größe, meist mittelgroß bis groß (einige Arten der Familie gehören mit etwa 1,5 mm zu den größten Hornmilben, die kleinsten sind unter 0,5 mm lang); die Färbung variiert ebenfalls, große Arten sind meist dunkelbraun bis schwarz, die kleineren Arten sind rötlich oder gelblich braun oder hellbraun; das Cerotegument kann unterschiedlich ausgebildet sein, ist oft aber sehr dick. Viele Arten tragen auch als Adulte die Juvenilskalps, oft mit Schmutz- und Erdpartikeln bedeckt, wodurch der Körper getarnt erscheint. Das Prodorsum ist vom Notogaster immer durch eine vertiefte, dorsosejugale Furche getrennt. Im sejugalen Bereich befinden sich oft gut entwickelte Tuberkel (Apophysen), häufig in sich gegenüberstehender Position ("Enantiophysen" genannt, jeweils mit einer vorderen und einer hinteren Apophyse), auch sind sog. "parastigmatische Apophysen" (5) im seitlichen Bereich hinter Beinbasis II gut entwickelt; andere, dorsolateral und dorsale Tuberkel können vor den Bothridien als Prodorsaltuberkel in postbothridialer Position (5)[95a: Pfeil], in dorsaler oder zentrodorsaler Position (D) oder lateral (L) vorhanden sein [95a,m]. Ventrale Tuberkel können im sejugalen Bereich ausgebildet sein, ventrosejugal (V) oder epimeral als Apodeme 1 (E2) [95m]. Die Bothridien zeigen einen erweiterten, trichterförmigen Rand; die Sensillen sind meist borsten- oder geisselförmig, selten keulenförmig. Die Notogasterborsten der c- bis h-Reihe bilden mehr oder weniger parallele Längsreihen, oft aufrecht mit strahlenförmig ausgerichteten Spitzen. Am vorderen Notogasterrand befinden sich oftmals schwach bis kräftig entwickelte Dornen, die Spinae adnatae [95a: S.a.] genannt werden.</p> <p>Die Beine sind vergleichsweise lang, Bein IV wenigstens so lang wie der Körper; die Beborstung der Beine wird ganz wesentlich für die systematische Gliederung der Familie genutzt. Die dorsale Borste d der Tibia I ist regressiv, in der Regel fehlend (Ausnahme in einigen Formen von Porobelba spinosa). Die Chelicerenborste chb hat typischerweise fransige Borsteln im distalen Drittel, die zur Spitze hin kürzer werden. Das Rutellum besitzt distal eine kugelfoermige, durchsichtige Erweiterung. Das Solenidion [omega] des Palpentarsus biegt sich parallel zur Tarsusfläche. Bei den Nymphen findet sich auf dem Notogaster ein Zapfen k, der der Anheftung der Exuvial-Skalps dient; sie sind quadridefizient.</p> <p>Das Familienkonzept ist noch umstritten; Bulanova-Zachvatkina (1967) schlägt eine Aufteilung in drei Familien vor. Jedoch weist Norton (1979a) nach, daß die Aufspaltung nicht phylogenetisch begründet, also unnatürlich ist; dem Konzept einer einheitlichen Familie folgen Balogh & Balogh (1992) und Miko & Travé (1996). Die systematischen Beziehungen zwischen den Taxa bedürfen weiterer Klärung; so ist z.B. innerhalb der Gattung Damaeus sensu lato die Schwestergruppenbeziehung unterscheidbarer Taxa (Damaeus s.str., Epidamaeus, Spatiodamaeus etc.) ungeklärt. Andererseits ist Epidamaeus als separate Gattung mit ihren Untergattungen weitgehend akzeptiert (vergl. Norton 1979a; Behan-Pelletier & Norton 1983, Behan-Pelletier 1985a). Und da die Merkmale anderer Taxa dieser Gruppe vergleichbare Bedeutung haben, folgen wir hier dem Konzept mehrerer getrennter Gattungen, anstatt eine Großgattung Damaeus mit diversen Untergattungen anzunehmen.</p> <p>Für einige Arten des Bearbeitungsgebiets dieses Buches wurde auch die Variabilität von Merkmalen untersucht; und das hier vorgelegte Konzept berücksichtigt diese Ergebnisse. Jedoch war es nicht möglich, für einige ältere Arten genügend Material zur gründlichen Untersuchung zu beschaffen. Die folgenden Schlüssel ergeben sich aus dem momentanen Kenntnisstand, und sie mögen in der Zukunft erweitert oder verändert werden.</p> <p>1. Femur I und II jeweils mit 10 Borsten, Femur III und IV mit 8 oder 9 Borsten. (+) Spinae adnatae fehlen ("Metabelba-Subbelba"-Gruppe)............................................................................2</p> <p>- Femur I mit 7 Borsten (selten 8), Femur II meist mit 6 oder 7 Borsten (selten 5). (+) Mit oder ohne Spinae adnatae................................................................................5</p> <p>2. (1) Trochanter III und IV mit 3 oder mehr Borsten; Borstenformel der Trochanter 1-1-(3-)4-3.........................................................3</p> <p>- Trochanter III und IV höchstens mit 2 Borsten (Borstenformel meist 1-1-2-1 (-2))...................................................................4</p> <p>Abb. 95: a) Damaeidae: Hypothetisches Schema des Prodorsums mit allen Apophysen; b-1) Variabilität der Ausprägung der Apophyse P; m) Epimeralbereich schematisch: mit allen Apophysen. - n) Schema eines "moniliformen" Beines (d. h. mit perlschnurartigen Schwellungen); o) Schema eines "normalen" Beines; p) Genu I von Belba rossica: Solenidion mit Schutzborste d gekoppelt; q) Tibia IV von Porobelba: Solenidion mit Schutzborste d gekoppelt; r) Tibia IV von Damaeus: Solenidion nicht mit Borste d gekoppelt. - Apophysen und Tuberkel in a) und m) werden in der Damaeidae-Einleitung erklärt: gekoppelte Apophysen (wie D) haben eine anteriore (Da) und eine posteriore (Dp). Pfeil in a) weist auf Prodorsaltuberkel.</p> <p>3. (2) Tibia II mit 5 Borsten. (+) Solenidien vonTibien II und III mit Schutzborste d ([vgl. 95q]; Tibienborsten-Formel 4-5-4/5-4/5)........................................................ Metabelba Grandjean, 1936 (S. 200)</p> <p>- Tibia II mit 4 Borsten. (+) Solenidien von Tibien II und III ohne Schutzborste [vgl. 95r]; Tibienborsten-Formel 4-4-4-4...................................................................... Metabelbella Bulanova-Zachvatkina, 1957 (S. 206)</p> <p>4. (2) Propodolateral-Apophyse (P) fehlt; Tibia II mit 5 Borsten, Trochanter IV mit 2 Borsten. (+) Solenidien von Tibien II und III mit Schutzborste d.......................................................... Subbelba Bulanova-Zachvatkina, 1967 (S. 207)</p> <p>- Propodolateral-Apophyse (P) vorhanden; Tibia II mit 4 Borsten, Trochanter IV nur mit 1 Borste. (+) Solenidien von Tibien II und III ohne Schutzborste................................................................ Parabelbella Bulanova-Zachvatkina, 1967 (S. 207)</p> <p>5. (1) Kleine Arten (unter 400 µm), immer mit Skalps der Juvenilen auf Notogaster. (+) Farbe meist gelbbraun oder gelblich, Körper mit dicker Cerotegumentschicht bedeckt; Beine relativ kurz, perlschnurartig [95n](Damaeobelba-Porobelba-Gruppe)...................................................................6</p> <p>- Mittelgroße oder große Arten (über 500 µm), mit oder ohne Juvenil-Skalps. (+) Färbung meist dunkel rotbraun bis schwarz; Cerotegument; Länge und Form der Beine unterschiedlich...................................................7</p> <p>6. (5) Körperlänge unter 300 µm; vordere beiden Notogasterborsten (c1, c2) lang, spiralförmig [109h], die Skalps der Juvenilen haltend; Notogaster hinten ohne unpaare Area porosa. (+) Spinae adnatae vestigiell oder fehlend............................................................ Damaeobelba Sellnick, 1928 (S. 205)</p> <p>- Körper länger als 330 µm; vordere beiden Notogasterborsten nie spiralförmig, aber erstes Paar (c1 länger und kräftiger als übrige, nach vorn gerichtet; Notogaster hinten mit unpaarer Area porosa [109g]. (+) Spinae adnatae klein stabföimig, selten fehlend....................................................................... Porobelba Grandjean, 1936 (S. 204)</p> <p>7. (5) Tibia II mit 5 Borsten; wenigstens Solenidien auf Tibien II und III (meist auch Tibia IV) mit Schutzborste d. (+) Propodolateral-Apophyse P fehlend..................................................................8</p> <p>- Tibia II mit 4 Borsten; Solenidien allet Tibien ohne Schutzborste d. (+) Propodolateral-Apophyse P fehlend oder vorhanden (" Damaeus sensu lato"- Gruppe)..................................................................... 10</p> <p>8. (7) Spinae adnatae kräftig entwickelt. (+) Trochanterborsten-Formel 1-1-2-1........................................................ Belbodamaeus Bulanova-Zachvatkina, 1960 (S. 206)</p> <p>- Spinae adnatae fehlend. (+) Trochanterborsten-Formel 1-1-2-(1-)2...........................................................9</p> <p>9. (8) Tibia IV nur mit 3 Borsten; Solenidion auf Tibia IV ohne Schutzborste. (+) Femurborsten-Formel 7-6-4-4.................................................. Caenobelba Norton, 1980 (S. 203)</p> <p>- Tibia IV mit 4 Borsten; Solenidion auf Tibia IV mit Schutzborste d. (+) FemurborstenFormel meist 7-7-5-5 oder 7-7-4-4, einige Arten mit reduzierter Anzahl Borsten auf Femora III und IV (je 2 oder 3 Borsten)................................................................ Belba von Heyden, 1826 (S. 197)</p> <p>10. (7) Lateraler Rand des Prodorsums zwischen Beinen I und II rundlich oder gerade, ohne Apophyse, Knoten oder Spitze.................................................................... 11</p> <p>- Lateraler Rand des Prodorsums zwischen Beinen I und II mit Apophyse P, dieser gut entwickelt, Pedotectum-artig, oder reduziert auf einen Knoten, oder mehr oder weniger spitz bis rechtwinkelig.................................................................................... 12</p> <p>11. (10) Gut entwickelter anterio-lateraler Tuberkel (La) vorhanden zwischen postbothridialem Tuberkel (Ba) and anterio-parastigmatischer Apophyse Sa. (+) Weitere prodorsale Tuberkel (Bp, Da, Dp) fehlen; Spinae adnatae oft auswärts und/oder abwärts gebogen (Kunstidamaeus n.gen.)...................................................................... 12</p> <p>- Anterio-lateraler Tuberkel (La) fehlend, manchmal schwach angedeutet aber von dorsal nicht erkennbar. (+) Prodorsale Tuberkel unterschiedlich ausgebildet, meist nur ein Paar (Ba oder Da) vorhanden, es können aber auch zwei Paar (Ba, Da oder Ba, Bp), drei (Ba, Bp, Da) oder sogar vier Paar (Ba, Bp, Da, Dp) vorhanden sein, oder Tuberkel sind völlig reduziert. Spinae adnatae meist kräftig und gerade, oder leicht einwärts gerichtet........................................................................... Epidamaeus Bulanova-Zachvatkina, 1957 (S. 193)</p> <p>12. (10) Wenigstens drei Paar gut entwickelter Tuberkel im dorsosejugalen Bereich des Prodorsums, d. h. vollständige postbothridiale Enantiophyse mit den Tuberkeln Ba und Bp und vordere centrodorsale Tuberkel Da vorhanden (Abstand Da-Da kürzer als die der Borstenbasen in-in).................................................................................. 13</p> <p>- Typischer Satz von zwei gut entwickelten Tuberkeln (Ba, La) im dorsosejugalen Bereich des Prodorsums vorhanden, centrodorsale Tuberkel Da fehlen [100]. (+) Apophyse P als mehr oder weniger rechtwinklige Spitze ausgebildet, selten gerundet oder fehlend; Spinae adnatae meist stark auswärts gekrümmt............................................................... Kunstidamaeus Miko, nov. gen. (S. 189)</p> <p>13. (12) Interlamellarborsten so lang wie Sensillen und ähnlich geformt; Apophyse P meist schwach entwickelt. Genua III and IV mit 4 Borsten (Genu-Borstenformel 4-4-4-4 oder 5-5-4-4); Borsten der Beine (besonders auf Genua und Tibien) von ähnlicher Länge und Form, quirlartig angeordnet. (+) Notogasterborsten meist kräftig, jedoch oft am gleichen Individuum unterschiedlich in Form und Farbe; Adulte tragen meist Juvenilskalps mit Schmutzpartikeln auf Notogaster; Körper mit dicker Schicht von wollartigem Cerotegument bedeckt..................................................................... Spatiodamaeus Bulanova-Zachvatkina, 1957 (S. 187)</p> <p>- Interlamellarborsten deutlich kürzer als Sensillen und meist anders geformt; Apophyse P kräftig ausgebildet, Pedotectum-ähnlich; Genua III und IV mit 3 Borsten (Genu-Borstenformel meist 4-4-3-3, aber weitere Reduktionen kommen vor); Borsten der Beine meist unterschiedlich in Länge und Form und nicht quirlartig angeordnet. (+) Notogasterborsten können artspezifisch verschieden sein, kräftig oder fein, jedoch bei einem Individuum etwa gleich; Adulte tragen Juvenilskalps oder nicht, Cerotegument meist granuliert............................................................. Damaeus C.L. Koch, 1835</p>Published as part of <i>Weigmann, G. & Miko, L., 2006, Hornmilben (Oribatida) [pages 149 to 212], pp. 149-212 in Hornmilben (Oribatida) [Dahl, Tierwelt Deutschlands, Teil 76], Keltern :Goecke & Evers</i> on pages 179-18
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