7,817 research outputs found
Hydropeza queenlandensis Sinclair 2016, sp. nov.
No full textHydropeza queenlandensis sp. nov. Figs 7, 25 Type material. Holotype ♂, labelled: “AUST: N.QLD: 4km / up Mt. Edith Rd, 800m / Danbulla S.F., malaise/ tp.across ck. 22–27.iv./ 1994, B. J. Sinclair / 17°05'S 145°38'E ”; “ HOLOTYPE / Hydropeza / queenslandensis/ Sinclair [red label]” (AMS). Paratypes: Queensland: 2♂♂, 3♀♀, Mt. Hypipamee NP, 960 m, Barron R., 27.iv.1994, 17°26'S 145°29'E, B. J. Sinclair (CNC); 3♂♂, 11♀♀, same data as holotype (AMS); 2♀♀, 14.7 km up Mt. Lewis Rd., 860 m, 22.iv.1994, cascading ck, 16°30'S 145°17'E, B. J. Sinclair (CNC); 11♀♀, 31.6 km up Mt. Lewis Rd., 1000 m, 21.iv.1994, cascading ck, 16°30'S 145°17'E, B. J. Sinclair (AMS, CNC); 5♂♂, 4♀♀, Paluma, Mt. Spec St. For., 3.6 km S Paluma Dam, ck, 29.iv. 1994, 800 m, B. J. Sinclair (CNC). Additional material. Queensland: 2♀♀, Mt. Finnigan, 14.v.1981, MT, D.H. Colless (ANIC). Diagnosis. This species is distinguished from other Queensland species by restriction of the acrostichal setae anteriad to an imaginary line connecting the first (anteriormost) dorsocentral setae; male scutellum with several elongate discal setae; male mid femur with short row of basal posteroventral setae and mid tibia with short row of spine-like setae on apical third; male hind trochanter with single spine-like anteroventral seta; and male cercus deeply forked, Y-shaped. Females are distinguished from all other species by the highly setose scutellum. Description. Head and abdomen dark brown, thorax brown with paler patches; coxae brownish yellow, legs progressively darker towards tips. Wing length 3.5–4 mm. Male. Head. Ocellar setae very long, erect, divergent, inserted posterior to anterior ocellus; ocellar tubercle with some long setulae; postocellar seta stout and dark; upper postocular setae stout and dark, lower setae fine and slender; postgenal setae similar to lower postoculars. Face without setulae. Scape and pedicel paler than postpedicel; scape short and slender, slightly longer than length of globular pedicel; postpedicel not greatly prolonged, 3× longer than scape, basal portion elongate-oval, longer than slender, straight apical portion; arista-like stylus slightly longer than postpedicel, concolorous with postpedicel. Proboscis stout and robust, extended slightly beyond mid-length of fore coxa, directed posteriorly; palpus less than half length of proboscis, clothed in long pale setae; apex of palpus rounded; apical third of palpus somewhat flattened with dense pubescence. Thorax. Clothed in fine pruinescence; mesonotum brown, with postpronotal lobe, lateral margin and postalar ridge pale brown; pleura paler than notum, pale along sutures. Setae generally long and stout; 3–4 acrostichal setulae anterior to 1st dorsocentral seta, less than 0.33× length of dc; pprn with 1 seta and several short setulae; 1 long presut spal; 5 uniserial dc, about subequal in length, without intermixed finer setae; 3 npl; 1 long psut spal and 1–2 finer setae; 1 pal seta; 1 pair of sctl, with 1–2 pairs of finer outer marginal setae; disc of scutellum with several long setae. Antepronotum without pair of setae. Legs. Coxae and femora ventrally yellowish-brown; remaining segments increasingly darker apically. Inner anterior margin of fore coxa with some 15 dark, variously lengthened and thickened spine-like setae, mostly concentrated apically; basal most seta longer than width of coxa. Anterior surface of mid and hind coxae with long brown setae. Legs clothed in very long setae as typical for genus, especially ventral faces. Fore femur straight, slightly inflated, with row of 2 stout anterior setae at apical fifth; 6–8 posterodorsal setae, stouter towards apex. Fore tibia with 2 anteroventral setae on apical third; 2 anterodorsal setae; 1 anterodorsal and 1 ventral preapical seta. Fore tarsomere 1 with 1 basal anteroventral and 1 preapical anterovental seta, more than 2× width of segment; 1 long basal ventral and 1 shorter ventral seta on basal third. Mid femur with 2–3 anterodorsal setae, 1 anterior seta and 1 posterodorsal seta on apical third; basal half with row of 3–4 stout posteroventral setae; apex with 1 anterior and 1 posterior preapical seta. Mid tibia with width reduced on ventral apical third, with row of 5 short spine-like setae; apex with short spur-like ventral seta; 1 anterior seta at mid-length; apex with 1 anterodorsal and 1 posterodorsal seta. Mid tarsomere 1 with 1 long anteroventral basal seta. Hind femur slightly broader than mid femur, without erect dorsal setae; with anteroventral row of stout setae along entire length; apical fourth with 2 anterodorsal, 1 anterior and 1 posterior seta. Hind trochanter with single spine-like anteroventral seta. Hind tibia with 2 anterodorsal and 4 posterodorsal setae; 1 apical anteroventral seta; apical third with dense posterior setae. Hind tarsomere 1 without erect setae. Tarsomeres of fore and midlegs longer than tibia; ventral apical margin of tarsomere 4 of fore and midlegs somewhat pale, flattened and expanded; tarsomere 4 of hindleg not laterally compressed ventrally; tarsomere 5 of each leg lacking dorsoapical extension. Wing. Infuscate with 1 long basal costal seta, longer than sctl; all veins lacking setulae; R 4 and R 5 distinctly divergent apically; bm-m complete; cell dm truncate to slightly produced, longer than length of cell bm; CuA + CuP reduced to streak. Halter brown. Abdomen. Tergites and sternites clothed in setae; setae of posterior margin overlapping more than half length of following tergite. T8 broad, more than half length of T7; posterior marginal setae slightly shorter than preceding tergites. Terminalia (Fig. 25). Cercus elongate and projected, deeply forked, Y-shaped; apex of upper branch flattened, with short, sharp projection medially; lower branch subequal in length to upper. Epandrium narrow, tapered apically. Surstylus weakly differentiated, apex prolonged as stout, sharp thorn-like projection. Hypandrium keel-like, not greatly prolonged; apical margin with deep medial notch; gonocoxal apodeme short, rounded; postgonite digitiform, divergent, with hooked apex. Phallus broad, apically flattened and spoon-shaped; ejaculatory apodeme longer than gonocoxal apodeme. Female. Similar to male except as follows: scutellum highly setose; mid femur lacking row of stout posteroventral basal setae; mid tibia not narrowed apically, lacking row of spinelike setae; hind femur lacking anteroventral row of stout setae. Terminalia (not dissected): cercus slightly longer than epiproct, slender with rounded apex. Distribution. This species is widespread in the high tablelands in the wet tropics region of northern Queensland (Fig. 7). Etymology. The specific name refers to the distribution of this species. Remarks. The two females from Mt. Finnigan were excluded from the type series because the acrostichal setae extend beyond the first dorsocentrals. Collection of male specimens from this locality is required to confirm species identity.Published as part of Sinclair, Bradley J., 2016, Revision of the Australian species of Hydropeza Sinclair (Diptera: Empididae: Ragadinae subfam. nov.), pp. 1-22 in Records of the Australian Museum 68 (1) on pages 16-17, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.68.2016.1657, http://zenodo.org/record/523803
The Sinclair Lewis Society Newsletter, Vol. 16, No. 2
Full text link“Seven-Volume Collection of Lewis Short Stories Published,” by Sally E. Parry, Illinois State University (includes interview with editor Samuel J. Rogal)
“The Cross, The Flag, and the Presidential Elections”
“Elmer Gantry Sings Again”
“St. Cloud State University Receives Gift of the Manuscripts for Sinclair Lewis’s Play The Jayhawker“
“The Sinclair Lewis-Claude Washburn Friendship”https://ir.library.illinoisstate.edu/slsn/1055/thumbnail.jp
Sinclair Lewis Society Newsletter, Vol. 28, No. 1
Full text linkMain Street Turns 100!
“Sinclair Lewis at the Library”
“John Gunther and Sinclair Lewis,” by Susan O’Brien
“Teaching Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man Following Sinclair Lewis’s Kingsblood Royal,” by Paul Devlin, Merchant Marine Academy
“Sinclair Lewis at the American Literature Association Conference”
“Alcohol and the Literary Imagination: A Review of Alcoholite at the Altar: The Writer and Addiction, by Roger Forseth,” by Jimmy J. Pack, Jr., Penn State Abington
“What Were They Reading Then?: The Tyranny of the Dark, by Hamlin Garland, 1905,” by Sally E. Parry, Illinois State University
“What Were They Reading Then?: The Voice of Bugle Ann, by MacKinlay Kantor, 1935,” by Ted G. Fleenerhttps://ir.library.illinoisstate.edu/slsn/1019/thumbnail.jp
Austrothaumalea queenslandensis Sinclair 2008, n.sp.
No full text<i>Austrothaumalea queenslandensis</i> n.sp. <p>Fig. 6</p> <p> <b>Type material</b>. HOLOTYPE <b>?</b> “AUST: N.QLD: 400 m /Bellenden Ker N.P. / Kearneys Falls / 23.iv.1994 / B.J. Sinclair ”; “ HOLOTYPE / Austrothaumalea /queenslandensis /Sinclair [dissected]” (AMS). PARATYPES: <b>Queensland</b>: 2 <b>!!</b>, Mt. Windsor Tableland, 1000 m, creek, 16°26'S 145°12'E, 16.iv.1994, B.J. Sinclair (AMS).</p> <p> <b>Recognition</b>. This species is similar in colouration to <i>A. zentae</i> but is distinguished by its shorter paramere and pair of apical teeth-like projections on the gonocoxal plate.</p> <p> <b>Description</b>. <i>Wing length</i> 1.8–1.9 mm. <i>Coloration</i>: Head dull, dark brown. Thorax brownish-orange, somewhat shiny; legs pale yellow, becoming darker on apical tarsal segments; halter knob dark; abdomen dull greyish-brown, including pleural membrane; terminalia pale brown. <i>Wing</i> infuscate, darker along apical margin, especially at cell r 1+2; wing base pale, especially along wing folding; R+R 1 +R 1+2 with macrotrichia along entire length, remaining veins bare; R 2 situated towards apex of R 1; bend in R 3 sharply defined; R 3 and R 4+5 parallel toward wing margin; CuA with short basal appendage. <i>Male abdominal sternites</i> 1 and 2 not examined; 3–6 rectangular, sparsely setose; sternite 7 reduced to narrow, rectangular sclerite; sternite 8 membranous. <i>Male terminalia</i> (Fig. 6): Epandrium broadly trapezoidal from ventral aspect; posterior margin somewhat uneven with pair of small, round lateral knobs; lacking pointed posterolateral processes. Hypandrium broad, with deep median U-shaped cleft, nearly one-half width of base of gonostylus. Gonocoxite long, gradually tapering. Gonostylus long, curved strongly before mid-length; gradually tapering to blunt tip; apical half lacking setulae. Parameres fused to form long tube, slightly arched from lateral aspect; subequal in length to gonocoxites. Gonocoxal plate Y-shaped, secondarily fused to ventral surface of hypandrium; posterolateral corners with pair of tooth-like processes.</p> <p> <b>Distribution</b>. This represents the most northerly described species of thaumaleid recorded in Australia, collected at an altitude of 400 m or above.</p> <p> <b>Etymology</b>. Named for its restriction to the northern tablelands of Queensland.</p> <p> <b>Remarks</b>. The small pointed, knob-like lateral projections on the gonocoxal plate are very similar to <i>A. macalpinei</i> (not shown in Theischinger [1986, fig. 39]).</p>Published as part of <i>Sinclair, Bradley J., 2008, New Species of Austrothaumalea Tonnoir from Australia (Diptera: Thaumaleidae), pp. 1-12 in Records of the Australian Museum 60 (1)</i> on page 8, DOI: 10.3853/j.0067-1975.60.2008.1490, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/4676495">http://zenodo.org/record/4676495</a>
The Sinclair Lewis Society Newsletter, Vol. 3, No. 2
Full text link“Richard Lingeman and the New Sinclair Lewis Biography,” an interview of Richard Lingeman, by Sally E. Parry, Illinois State University
“A Revolution of One,” rev. of The Job, by Sinclair Lewis; by Clare Virginia Eby, University of Connecticut-Hartford
“From the Lewis Archives I,” by Roger Forseth, University of Wisconsin-Superior
“Carol’s Revolution,” Review of Main Street: The Revolt of Carol Kennicott, by Martin Bucco; by Caren J. Town, Georgia Southern University
“Harvey Taylor and Jack London’s Purchase of Sinclair Lewis’s Plots: A Posthumous Saga,” by Jacqueline Tavernier-Courbin, University of Ottawahttps://ir.library.illinoisstate.edu/slsn/1029/thumbnail.jp
The Sinclair Lewis Society Newsletter, Vol. 2, No. 2
Full text linkAbstracts from Papers Presented at the Symposium on American Realism and Naturalism:
“‘A Scarlet Tanager on an Ice-Floe’: Women, Men, and History on Main Street,” by Caren J. Town, Georgia Southern University
“American Voices in Sinclair Lewis’s It Can’t Happen Here,” by Robert L. McLaughlin, Illinois State University
“Boundary Ambiguity and Abortion: Women’s Choices in Sinclair Lewis’s Ann Vickers and Kingsblood Royal,” by Sally E. Parry, Illinois State University
“Teaching Sinclair Lewis: From Resentment to Recognition: Babbitt in the Classroom,” by Clare Virginia Eby, University of Connecticut-Hartford
“The Life of Babbitt,” Review of Babbitt: An American Life, by Glen A. Love; by James M. Hutchisson, The Citadelhttps://ir.library.illinoisstate.edu/slsn/1027/thumbnail.jp
Sinclair Lewis Society Newsletter, Vol. 19, No. 1
Full text link“2010 Sinclair Lewis Conference A Great Success,” by Sally E. Parry, Illinois State University
“‘Carol Kennicott’s Story: Main Street,” by James M. Hutchisson, The Citadel
“Dodsworth Perfomed in New York”
“Ida Compton Papers Archived,” by Tom Steman, St. Cloud State University
“Lewis’s Voice on CD,” by George Killough, College of St. Scholastica
“St. Cloud State University and Minnesota Reflections Website to Publish Collection of Letters by Sinclair Lewis to Marcella Powers,” by Michael King, St. Cloud State University
“Reflections on Kingsblood,” by D. J. Jones
“Barnaby Conrad Writes New Novel”
“Habeas Corpus,” by Sinclair Lewis, part 5https://ir.library.illinoisstate.edu/slsn/1001/thumbnail.jp
Hydropeza curvata Sinclair 2016, sp. nov.
No full textHydropeza curvata sp. nov. Figs 8, 12 Type material. Holotype ♂, labelled: “AUST: N.QLD:/ 14.7km / up Mt. Lewis Rd., 860m / 22.iv.1994, cascading/ creek, B. J. Sinclair / 16°30'S 145°17'E ”; “ HOLOTYPE / Hydropeza / curvata/ Sinclair [red label]” (AMS). Paratypes: Queensland: 6♀♀, same data as holotype, 16, 22.iv.1994 (AMS, CNC); 1♀, 14.7 km up Mt. Lewis Rd., 860 m, 15–16.iv.1994, ypans, stream, 16°30'S 145°17'E, B. J. Sinclair (CNC); 1♂, 1♀, 31.6 km up Mt. Lewis Rd., 1000 m, 21.iv.1994, cascading ck, 16°30'S 145°17'E, B. J. Sinclair (CNC). Diagnosis. This species is distinguished from other Queensland species by acrostichal setae extending to prescutellar depression; male scutellum with at most a pair of elongate discal setae; male mid femur with short row of basal posteroventral setae and mid tibia with short row of spine-like setae on apical third; male hind trochanter without spine-like anteroventral setae; and male cercus deeply forked, V-shaped. Females are distinguished from all other species by numerous marginal setae on the scutellum and acrostichal setae extending to the prescutellar depression. Description. Head and abdomen dark brown, thorax brown with paler patches; coxae brownish yellow, legs progressively darker towards tips. Wing length 3.2–3.6 mm. Male. Head. Ocellar setae very long, erect, divergent, inserted posterior to anterior ocellus; ocellar tubercle with some long setulae; postocellar seta stout and dark; upper postocular setae stout and dark, lower setae fine and slender; postgenal setae similar to lower postoculars. Face without setulae. Scape and pedicel slightly paler than postpedicel; scape short and slender, slightly shorter than length of globular pedicel; postpedicel not greatly prolonged, 2× longer than pedicel, basal portion elongate-oval, longer than slender, straight apical portion; arista-like stylus slightly longer than postpedicel, concolorous with postpedicel. Proboscis stout and robust, extended slightly beyond midlength of fore coxa, directed posteriorly; palpus about half length of proboscis, clothed in long dark setae; apex of palpus rounded; apical third of palpus flattened with dense pubescence. Thorax. Clothed in fine pruinescence; mesonotum brown, with postpronotal lobe, lateral margin and postalar ridge pale brown; pleura paler than notum, pale along sutures. Setae generally long and stout; acrostichal setulae extending to prescutellar depression, less than 0.5× length of dc; pprn with 1 seta and several short setulae; 1 long presut spal; 5 uniserial dc, about subequal in length, with 2–3 intermixed nearly subequal setae; 3 npl; 1 long psut spal and 1–2 finer setae; 1 pal seta; 1 pair of sctl, with 2 pairs of finer outer marginal setae; disc of scutellum with 1 pair of long setae. Antepronotum with pair of pale setulae. Legs. Coxae and femora ventrally yellowish-brown; remaining segments increasingly darker apically. Inner anterior margin of fore coxa with some 15 dark, variously lengthened and thickened spine-like setae, mostly concentrated apically; basal most seta longer than width of coxa. Anterior surface of mid and hind coxae with long brown setae. Legs clothed in very long setae as typical for genus, especially ventral faces. Fore femur straight, inflated (narrower than hind femur), with row of 2 stout anterior setae at apical fifth; 5–6 posterodorsal setae, stouter towards apex. Fore tibia with 2 anteroventral setae on apical third; 2 anterodorsal and 2 posterodorsal setae; 1 anterodorsal preapical seta. Fore tarsomere 1 with 1 basal anteroventral and 1 preapical anterovental seta, more than 2× width of segment; 1 long basal ventral and 1 shorter ventral seta on basal third. Mid femur with 2–3 anterodorsal setae, 1 anterior seta and 1 posterodorsal seta on apical third; basal half with row of 3–4 stout posteroventral setae; apex with 1 anterior, 1 dorsal and 1 posterior preapical seta. Mid tibia with width reduced on ventral apical third, with row of 7–8 short spine-like setae; apex with short, spur-like ventral seta; 1 anterodorsal and 1 posterodorsal seta near mid-length; 1 basal posterodorsal seta; apex with 1 dorsal and 1 posterior seta. Mid tarsomere 1 with 1 long anteroventral basal seta. Hind femur inflated, nearly 2× broader than fore femur, without erect dorsal setae; with anteroventral row of stout setae along entire length; apical fourth with 2 anterodorsal, 1 anterior and 1 posterior seta. Hind trochanter without spine-like anteroventral setae. Hind tibia with 2 anterodorsal and 4–6 posterodorsal setae; 1 preapical anterodorsal and 1 apical anteroventral seta; apical fourth with dense posterior setae. Hind tarsomere 1 without erect setae. All tarsomeres longer than tibia; ventral apical margin of tarsomere 4 of fore and midlegs somewhat pale, flattened and expanded; tarsomere 4 of hindleg not laterally compressed ventrally; tarsomere 5 of each leg lacking dorsoapical extension. Wing. Infuscate with 1 long basal costal seta, longer than sctl; all veins lacking setulae; R 4 and R 5 distinctly divergent apically; bm-m complete; cell dm produced apically, subequal in length to cell bm; CuA + CuP reduced to faint streak. Halter pale brown. Abdomen. Tergites and sternites clothed in setae; setae of posterior margin overlapping more than half length of following tergite. T8 broad, one-third length of T7; posterior marginal setae slender, less than twice length of tergite. Terminalia (Fig. 12). Cercus elongate and lying along dorsal edge of epandrium, deeply forked, V-shaped; upper branch slightly twisted, arched medially with narrow apex; lower branch longer than length of upper with broadly rounded apex. Epandrium round, tapered apically. Surstylus thumb-shaped, apex rounded; apical margin with numerous long setae. Hypandrium keel-like, not extended beyond surstylus; apical margin truncate without medial notch; gonocoxal apodeme short, rounded; postgonite digitiform, divergent with sharply attenuated apex. Phallus broad, apically flattened and spoon-shaped; ejaculatory apodeme L-shaped, longer than gonocoxal apodeme. Female. Similar to male except as follows: scutellum with numerous marginal setae; mid femur lacking row of stout posteroventral basal setae; mid tibia not narrowed apically, lacking row of spine-like setae; hind femur not broader than mid femur, lacking anteroventral row of stout setae. Terminalia (not dissected): cercus slightly longer than epiproct, broad with rounded apex. Distribution. This species is recorded from above 800 m on Mt. Lewis, Queensland (Fig. 8). Etymology. The specific name is from the Latin curvatus (bend, bow, crook), in reference to slightly twisted upper branch of the male cercus.Published as part of Sinclair, Bradley J., 2016, Revision of the Australian species of Hydropeza Sinclair (Diptera: Empididae: Ragadinae subfam. nov.), pp. 1-22 in Records of the Australian Museum 68 (1) on page 13, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.68.2016.1657, http://zenodo.org/record/523803
Ceratomerus hibernus Bradley J Sinclair 2003, n.sp.
No full textCeratomerus hibernus n.sp. Figs. 78, 79, 81, 100 Type material. HOLOTYPE ♀, “ AUST [ralia]: TAS[mania]: Pelion Hut / 3 km S Mt. Oakleigh / 41°50'S 146°03'E, 860 m / June 1990; I.D. Naumann ”; “ HOLOTYPE / Ceratomerus / hibernus / Sinclair [red label]” (ANIC). PARATYPES: Tasmania: 6♀♀, same data as holotype (ANIC); 6♀♀, 28 km SSW Mole Ck, 570 m, MAP 8114 355.752, 15.x.1985, L. Hill (AMS, ZFMK). Diagnosis. Distinguished from other species in this group by the short postocellar setae, long pedicel (three-fifths length of scape) and median fork separated from radial fork by more than the length of crossvein dm-cu. Description. Wing length 3–3.3 mm, similar to C. falcatus except as follows: Female. Head dark brown; postocellar bristle slender, less than half length of ocellar bristle; 3 pairs of long vertical bristles, third pair distant from others; postocular bristles long, overlapping at least one-third of eye. Antenna with scape equal to height of eye, with 2–3 long, dorsal setae and 1 long ventral seta; pedicel with short basal section, three-fifths length of scape, with posterior fringe of long setae; postpedicel apical half strongly tapered, extending parallel-sided to short, stout, three-segmented stylus, subequal to one-third length of postpedicel. Palpus light brown, slender, one-fifth length of labrum. Thorax. Mesonotum, pleura and postnotum brown; 1 slender, short pal. Antepronotum with 2 short setulae. Wing (Fig. 81). Medial fork proximal to radial fork by more than length of crossvein dm-cu. Halter with dark knob. Legs. Coxae and basal half of femora yellowish-brown, remaining leg segments brown, gradually darkening towards tip. Fore coxa lacking modified setae. Fore femur slightly swollen, lacking modified ventral setae. Fore tibia nearly equal in length to femur; apex with undilated anteroapical comb. First tarsomere slightly longer than half length of fore tibia; distal 4 tarsomeres slender, longer than first tarsomere. Mid tibia slightly shorter than femur with dorsal and ventral apical seta. First tarsomere shorter than remaining 4 tarsomeres. Hind tibia with 3–4 erect ad setae on apical half; lacking dorsal setae. Abdomen as in female C. falcatus. Terminalia (Fig. 79).Anterior margin ofT10 bearing biserial row of stout, straight spine-like setae; cercus with slender setae, lacking spine-like setae. Spermathecal receptacle spherical, with very short neck where duct attached (Fig. 78). Male. Unknown. Distribution. This species is known only from the northwestern highlands of Tasmania (Fig. 100) and is possibly restricted to the cooler months (June, October). Etymology. The specific name is from the Latin hibernus (of winter), referring to the probable seasonality of this species. Remarks. It is normally not recommended to describe a new species on the basis of female specimens alone. But given the long series of specimens and its apparent differences with C. ordinatus (the only other species of the C. ordinatus group in Tasmania), it was considered best to described this species to encourage “off season collecting” in the hope that conspecific males may someday be obtained.Published as part of Bradley J Sinclair, 2003, Taxonomy, Phylogeny and Zoogeography of the Subfamily Ceratomerinae of Australia (Diptera: Empidoidea), pp. 1-44 in Records of the Australian Museum 55 on page 2
Hydropeza aptera Sinclair 2016
No full textHydropeza aptera sp nov. Figs 1–3, 10, 21 Type material. Holotype ♂, labelled: “TAS: McPartlan Pass,/ 42°51'S 146°11'E / pitfall ARE(Y); 17./ viii.1999; M. Driessen ”; “ HOLOTYPE / Hydropeza / aptera/ Sinclair [red label]” (AMS). Paratypes: Tasmania: 1♂, same data as holotype, except ARE(Y)4, 14.ix.1999 (AMS); 1♀, same data as holotype, except ARE(Y)8, 28.vii.1999 (AMS); 2♂♂, McPartlan Pass, buttongrass moorland, 28.vii.1999, pitfall tp, TRW6, 42°51'12"S 146°12'39"E, 320 m, M. Driessen (CNC); 1♀, ditto, except TRE(0) 16.v.2000 (CNC); 1♂, 4♀♀, Airstrip Rd, sites 1A–6P, 42°51'5"S 146°11'24"E, pitfall tp, 29.v.–5.vi.2001, M. Driessen (AMS); 4♂♂, 1♀, ditto, except ARE(Y), 42°50'30"S 146°14'36"E, 320 m, M. Driessen (AMS, CNC). Diagnosis. This is the only apterus species of Hydropeza, with the wings reduced to halter-like appendages and legs and scutum with reduced chaetotaxy. Description. Head and thorax dark brown to black with greyish pruinescence, abdomen brown to black with thin pruinescence; legs dark brown. Wing appendage length 0.3–0.4 mm. Male. Head. Oval, produced posterodorsally, somewhat flattened dorsally. Ocellar setae short, erect, divergent, inserted between posterior and anterior ocelli; ocellar tubercle with some short setulae; postocellar and postocular setae short and slender; postgenal setae pale, slender, longer than postocellar setae. Face very narrow, closely approximated, lacking setulae. Scape short and slender, subequal in length to pedicel; postpedicel pointed-ovate, longer than scape and pedicel combined, with very short knob-like apical stylus. Proboscis stout and robust, short, extended well beyond mid-length of fore coxa, directed posteriorly; palpus very short, oval about 0.15× length of proboscis, clothed in pale setae; apex of palpus rounded. Thorax. Greatly shortened and reduced due to apterus condition. Clothed in fine pruinescence; mesonotum with chaetotaxy reduced; scutellum shorted with pair of short, pale apical setae. Legs. Brown, fore coxa with fine pruinescence, similar to thorax. Inner anterior margin of fore coxa with some 20 dark spine-like setae, mostly concentrated apically and mid-basally; setae not longer than width of coxa. Anterior surface of mid and hind coxae with long brown setae. Legs lacking long, fine setae. Fore femur distinctly broader than mid and hind femora; basal third with 4 long posteroventral setae, longer than femur width; anteroventral face with fine, pale setae. Fore tibia with 4 anteroventral, 2 posteroventral spine-like setae. Fore tarsomere 1 with 4 anteroventral and 4 posteroventral stout setae, anteroventral setae nearly twice longer than posteroventral setae. Mid femur with 4–5 posteroventral setae, nearly as long as width of femur; anteroventral row of short, spine-like setae along entire length. Mid tibia lacking distinct erect setae. Mid tarsomere 1 lacking distinct setae. Hind femur with erect dorsal setae; 1 preapical anterior, 2–3 preapical anteroventral setae. Hind tibia with 1 stout preapical anteroventral seta. Hind tarsomere 1 with biserial row of ventral setae. Tarsomeres of hindleg much longer than tibia; ventral apical margin of tarsomere 4 of fore and midlegs not flattened and expanded; tarsomere 4 of hindleg not laterally compressed ventrally; tarsomere 5 of each leg lacking dorsoapical extension. Wing. Reduced to halter-like appendage; concolorous with thorax. Halter absent. Abdomen. Tergites and sternites with short, sparse setae; marginal setae not lengthened. T8 broad, more than half length of T7; setae similar to preceding segments. Terminalia (Fig. 10). Cercus divided into subrectangular, thinly sclerotized anterior section, bearing short setae; posterior cercus broadly sclerotized medially, with apical row of peg-like setae on either side of distinct median notch. Epandrium small, oval; lamellae separated dorsally beneath cercus by wide membranous gap. Surstylus short, broad and truncate apically, clothed in fine setae only. Hypandrium keel-like, prolonged dorsally into phallic guide; gonocoxal apodeme small, rounded; apex of hypandrium flattened and broad surrounding emerging phallus; postgonites appear fused to apex of hypandrium. Phallus strongly arched at base, tapered to slender recurved tip; ejaculatory apodeme small, apical margin expanded. Female. Similar to male except as follows: stout setae on fore and midlegs longer and more pronounced. T10 divided medially. Cercus short and rounded apically, slightly longer than width, shorter than length of tergite 10. Distribution. This species is restricted to Tasmania (Fig. 21), currently known only from the type-locality and apparently active in cold months, from May to September [minimum temperature: July 3.2°C (Dreissen et al., 2013)]. Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Greek apteros (wingless), referring to the virtual absence of wings in this species. Remarks. All specimens were collected in pitfall traps set out in buttongrass moorland (Fig. 2), which at this location has a shrubby element (Myrtaceae, Epacridaceae) as well as monocots (Cyperaceae and Restionaceae) dominated by buttongrass (Driessen et al., 2013). The habitat at approximately 320 m includes many standing pools and riddled with water-filled crayfish burrows (Driessen, pers. comm., 2014). Small streams run through the plains and large lakes occur nearby. In addition, the waters are highly acidic (around pH 4). A montane moorland site (Lake St. Clair, approx. 800 m) was also surveyed by Driessen et al. (2013), but these flightless empidids were not collected. Wingless or flightlessness among Empidoidea is possibly an adaptation for increased running ability among secretive habitats such as the grasses of the moorland and/or an adaptation to cold conditions which make thermoregulation of thoracic flight muscles difficult (Hackman, 1964; Bickel, 2006). Included among the pitfall trap samples from McPartlan Pass was another wingless empidoid, Apterodromia tasmanica Sinclair & Cumming (Hybotidae: Ocydromiinae). This latter species was originally known from litter samples, collected in January and March (Sinclair & Cumming, 2000). Ground predation, particularly from ants has been cited as a major factor limiting wider development of flightlessness in Diptera (Bickel, 2006). However, ant abundance was only lower during the cold months compared to warm months at this lowland moorland (Driessen et al., 2013, fig. 1).Published as part of Sinclair, Bradley J., 2016, Revision of the Australian species of Hydropeza Sinclair (Diptera: Empididae: Ragadinae subfam. nov.), pp. 1-22 in Records of the Australian Museum 68 (1) on pages 10-11, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.68.2016.1657, http://zenodo.org/record/523803
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