198 research outputs found

    Genotoxicity biomarkers in the amphipod Gammarus elvirae exposed in vivo to mercury and lead and basal levels of DNA damage in two cell types

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    The present work deals with the application of genotoxicity biomarkers by means of the Comet assay in haemocytes and spermatozoa of the crustacean Gammarus elvirae exposed in vivo to heavy metals. Furthermore, a basal levels (BLs) study of DNA damage in the two cell types considered for two different gammarids species, G. elvirae and Echinogammarus veneris, was carried out. It is important to identify factors that influence the outcome of the assay in order to obtain reliable and reproducible results usable for risk assessment purposes. Our results highlight that the Italian legal limits for Hg and Pb, respectively, 0.5 and 50 μg/L, are inadequate for establishing safety thresholds in the aquatic environment. Furthermore, the freshwater invertebrate G. elvirae, used for the first time to measure the effect of genotoxicants, is a good candidate for evaluating the genotoxicity damage induced by heavy metals. Our results concerning spermatozoa show excessively variable responses and high BLs

    Biochemical systematics and patterns of genetic divergence between the Troglophilus species of Crete and Rhodos (Orthoptera, Rhaphidophoridae ).

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    Four populations of Troglophilus spinulosus from Crete, one population of T. lagoi from Rhodos and one population of Dolichopoda paraskevi from Crete have been studied for genetic variation at 19 enzymatic loci by electrophoresis. Three different levels of genetic divergence emerged: mean Nei's genetic distance was 0.025 among T spinulosus populations, 0.347 between T spinulosus and T lagoi and 0.837-0.918 between D. paraskevi-T spinulosus and D. paraskevi-T lagoi respectively. Relationships among T spinulosus populations were studied by Principal Component Analysis in order to clarify their debated taxonomic position; relationships among all study populations were assessed by two different methods of tree reconstruction, Maximum Likelihood and Neighbor-Joining. The low degree of genetic differentiation among T spinulosus populations and the different data analyses all indicate that this is the only Troglophilus species of Crete
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