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Nucleotide sequences modulating the expression of genes in plants
Full text linkThe provides a genetic cassette for the expression of heterologous nucleic acids in response to abiotic stresses such as drought and soil high salinity, regulatory sequences used in the expression cassette, expression vectors carrying these sequences and plants transformed with the same
PLANT TOLERANCE TO DROUGHT: MODULATION OF TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS
No full textWater scarcity is a serious problem that will be exacerbated by global climate change. Massive quantities of water are used in agriculture, and abiotic stresses, especially drought and increased salinity, are primary causes of crop loss worldwide. Various approaches may be adopted to consume less water in agriculture, one of them being the development of plants that use less water yet maintain high yields in conditions of water scarcity. In recent years several molecular networks concerned with stress perception, signal transduction and stress responses in plants have been elucidated.
In this PhD thesis the various approaches used so far to produce transgenic plants having improved tolerance to abiotic stresses, and criteria for choosing which genes and promoters have been used to obtain successful results are discussed.
Then research results on the promoter of the Arabidopsis AtMYB60 gene, specifically expressed in guard cells and on the promoter of the Arabidopsis AtMYB41 gene, specifically expressed in response to abiotic stresses, are presented. The AtMYB60 promoter was characterised through serial deletion and mutagenesis analysis and some DOF-binding sites, fundamental cis-elements for the specific activity of this promoter in guard cells were identified. Through analysis of transegnic plants carrying the AtMYB41 promoter fused to a reporter gene specific response to drought stress was confirmed
Engineering stomatal activity for drought tolerance in plants: from model plants to crops
No full text
Transgenic crops coping with water scarcity
No full textWater scarcity is a serious problem that will be exacerbated by global climate change. Massive quantities of water are used in agriculture, and abiotic stresses, especially drought and increased salinity, are primary causes of crop loss worldwide. Various approaches may be adopted to consume less water in agriculture, one of them being the development of plants that use less water yet maintain high yields in conditions of water scarcity. In recent years several molecular networks concerned with stress perception, signal transduction and stress responses in plants have been elucidated. Consequently, engineering some of the genes involved in these mechanisms promises to enhance plant tolerance to stresses and in particular increase their water use efficiency. Here we review the various approaches used so far to produce transgenic plants having improved tolerance to abiotic stresses, and discuss criteria for choosing which genes to work on (functional and regulatory genes) and which gene expression promoters (constitutive, inducible, and cell-specific) have been used to obtain successful results
Analysis of the promoter of Arabidopsis AtMYB60 gene involved in the regulation of stomata movements
No full textA guard cell-specific MYB transcription factor regulates stomatal movements and plant drought tolerance
No full textStomatal pores located on the plant epidermis regulate CO2 uptake for photosynthesis and the loss of water by transpiration. The opening and closing of the pore is mediated by turgor-driven volume changes of two surrounding guard cells [1]. These highly specialized cells integrate internal signals and environmental stimuli to modulate stomatal aperture for plant survival under diverse conditions [2]. Modulation of transcription and mRNA processing play important roles in controlling guard-cell activity, although the details of these levels of regulation remain mostly unknown [3-5]. Here we report the characterization of AtMYB60, a R2R3-MYB gene of Arabidopsis, as the first transcription factor involved in the regulation of stomatal movements. AtMYB60 is specifically expressed in guard cells, and its expression is negatively modulated during drought. A null mutation in AtMYB60 results in the constitutive reduction of stomatal opening and in decreased wilting under water stress conditions. Transcript levels of a limited number of genes are altered in the mutant, and many of these genes are involved in the plant response to stress. Our data indicate that AtMYB60 is a transcriptional modulator of physiological responses in guard cells and open new possibilities to engineering stomatal activity to help plants survive desiccation
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