928 research outputs found
The nasonov pheromone of the honeybee apis-mellifera l (hymenoptera, apidae) .2. Bioassay of the components using foragers
No full textThe Nasonov pheromone of the honeybee comprises seven components, (Z)-citral, nerol, geraniol, nerolic acid, geranic acid, and (E,E)-farnesol. Bioassay of individual components showed each attracted foraging bees. A mixture of components in proportions present in the honeybee was as attractive as the natural secretion, and each component contributed to the attractiveness of the mixture. Honeybees responded anemotactically to the source of Nasonov odor. The presence of footprint pheromone enhanced the attractiveness of the synthetic Nasonov mixture. Nasonov and footprint pheromones may prove useful in attracting honeybees to crops needing pollination
Evaluation of the various components of the nasonov pheromone used by clustering honeybees
No full textOf the various components of the Nasonov pheromone, geraniol, (E)-citral and nerolic acid were the most important for inducing clustering. The presence of (Z)-citral with (E)-citral, or in a mixture of components including (E)-citral, did not diminish clustering and sometimes increased it. Geranic acid alone encouraged clustering, but was less effective with nerolic acid or the citrals. Nerol and (E, E)-farnesol had little obvious influence on clustering. A 1:1:1 mixture of geraniol + nerolic acid + (E)- and (Z)-citrals was as effective as a mixture of all the seven components in equal proportions, which was in turn as effective as a mixture containing the components in the proportions present naturally in the Nasonov gland
Nasonov pheromone of the honey bee, apis-mellifera l (hymenoptera, apidae) .1. Chemical characterization
No full textComposition of the Nasonov pheromone of the honey bee has been reexamined using new procedures, including analysis of pheromone from single live insects by capillary column GC-MS. Two new components have been identified, nerol and (E,E)-farnesol, and the presence of components proposed previously has been confirmed. Absolute amounts or relative proportions of components in the pheromonal secretion have been determined. 
Nasonov pheromone of the honeybee - apis-mellifera-l (hymenoptera, apidae) .4. Comparative electroantennogram responses
No full textElectroantennogram (EAG) responses from worker honeybee antennae were obtained for each Nasonov component. Response amplitudes to 10 μg of components correlated well with reported relative abilities to attract foragers in the field. EAG responses of worker, queen, and drone antennae to natural pheromone were consistently greater than to synthetic pheromone, a difference only partly explained by enzymic conversion of geraniol to (E)-citral during preparation of natural extracts
Nasonov pheromone of the honey bee, apis-mellifera l (hymenoptera, apidae) .3. Regulation of pheromone composition and production
No full textGC and GC-MS analyses of the multicomponent Nasonov pheromone of the honey bee, and of the air above insects releasing the pheromone, show that constant composition is maintained during release, despite differing volatilities of the components. The regulating mechanism may involve a specific enzyme process, detected in excised Nasonov glands, which converts the major component geraniol into the more volatile (E)-citral. Analysis of honey bees of known ages and at different times of year shows that maximum secretion occurs when foraging is most likely
Techniques for studying honeybee pheromones involved in clustering, and experiments on the effect of nasonov and queen pheromones
No full textTechniques for investigating pheromones responsible for clustering in Apis mellifera are described. Stable queenless clusters were formed in response to synthetic Nasonov pheromone mixed with (E)-9-oxo-2-decenoic acid. This mixture plus the addition of (E)-9-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid was less potent in initiating cluster formation than it was without this addition, but the clusters once formed sometimes grew larger. Other unknown components from the queen's mandibular glands encouraged cluster formation
Identification of Nasonov Pheromones and the Effects of Synthetic Pheromones on the Clustering Activity of the Asiatic Honeybee (APis Cerana)
No full textWorker bees from several Apis cerana colonies were sampled for identification ofNasonov secretions and their
clustering activity in 1°esponse to different synthetic components of the swarming pheromones. Extraction of
Nasonov gland secretion was canied (mt try three methods - Abdomen Dippingmethod, Excised Gland method and
S)'ringe Extmction method - and its anal),sis was canied out b), Gas Liquid Chromatograph),. Nasonov
components delected were (E)-citml, (Z)-citml and g~ranioL However, onl), (E)-citml and geraniol were
quantified. The Abdoment Dipping method detected 20.0 ug per bee oj (E) -citral, whereas the Excised Gland
method detected onl), 3.8 ug. Geraniol was onI)' detected try the latter technique at 2.5 ng Plff bee. (Z) -citral was
detected in t·race amounts. The clustering experiments were conducted in a confined darkened room at room
temperat1m. Chemical components, consisting of 9-oxo-2-decenoic acid designated as 9ODA, (E), (Z)-citral,
geraniol, nerol andfarnesol, were tested either singly or in vmious combinations. Each component or mixtures of
these componenls were adsorbed on afilterpaperplaced in alighted peifomted ca,.dboard cannister. Five cannislen
were used in each tlial. Among the synthetic compon""ts tested, the (E), (Z) -citral was[oltnd to be most effective
in attracting w01*er bees to fonn a cluster
Ovis bochariensis Nasonov 1914
No full text193. Bukhara Unial Ovis bochariensis French: Mouflon de Boukhara / German: Tadschikistan-Wildschaf / Spanish: Urial de Bujaré Taxonomy. Ouvis bochariensis Nasonov, 1914, Russian Turkestan. Urial taxonomy is controversial; formerly urial species: Ladakh (O. vignei), Punjab (O. punjabiensis), Bukhara, and Afghan (O. cycloceros) recognized here, were usually classified as subspecies of O. orientalis, or all as subspecies of O. vignei. (The name orientalis is based on a hybrid population in north-central Iran and is not usable.) This species is in need of distributional, anatomical, karyological, and molecular genetics studies to define its distribution and relationship to other urial species. Monotypic. Distribution. NE Turkmenistan, S Uzbekistan along the border with Turkmenistan, S Tajikistan, and N Afghanistan. Descriptive notes. Measurements and weights are not available, noris a clear description, but these are medium-sized sheep. Maximum skull length in males averages 24-6 cm and in females 22-4 cm. The general body coloris sandy-yellow or cinnamonyellow, sometimes paler in the summertime. Like the Ladakh Urial, the species it most resembles, males have a black neck ruff and a saddle patch. The horns grow upward and sideways from the skull and are crescent-shaped in a single plane or almost so. The outer rib is quite faint and transverse folds are small. Horn length up to 73 cm,rarely longer, and circumference of base averages 24-5 cm. Females invariably bear horns. Diploid chromosome numberis 58. Habitat. Similar to Ladakh Urial, the Bukhara Urial occurs in mountainous terrain with associated rough, precipitous habitats at elevations of 1000-4500 m. Food and Feeding. There is no specific information available for this species. On the whole, no less than 180 plant species are known to be eaten by mountain sheep within the former Soviet Union, but a thorough study of their food in different regions has not been conducted. Breeding. There is no specific information available for this species, but it probably mates in November—-December and young are born 150-160 days later in May and June. Activity patterns. There is no specific information available for this species, but in summer, especially if the weather is warm, wild sheep are most active in the early morning and twilight hours. Movements, Home range and Social organization. There is no specific information available for this species, but for much of the year, except for occasional shifting between summer and winter ranges, which occurs in autumn and spring, most sheep do not undertake long distance movements. Status and Conservation. CITES Appendix II (under O. vignei). Classified as Vulnerable on The IUCN Red Book (as O. orientalis bochariensis). This is the scarcest urial; probably fewer than 200 remain. It has been extirpated over most of its historical distribution and now occurs in isolated populations. Major threats include illegal hunting, habitat degradation, and habitat destruction due to agricultural development and livestock competition. There is an urgent need to create reserves where it can be protected and to reestablish populations where it has been extirpated. Bibliography. Baskin & Danell (2003), Ellerman & Morrison-Scott (1966), Groves & Grubb (2011), Grubb (2005), Valdez (2008), Weinberg et al. (1997).Published as part of Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier, 2011, Bovidae, pp. 444-779 in Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 2 Hoofed Mammals, Barcelona :Lynx Edicions on pages 685-686, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.651248
Ovis isphahanica Nasonov 1910
No full text<p>189.</p> <p>Isfahan Sheep</p> <p> <i>Ovis isphahanica</i></p> <p> <b>French:</b> Mouflon d'Ispahan / <b>German:</b> Isfahan-Wildschaf / <b>Spanish:</b> Muflon de Isfahan</p> <p> <b>Taxonomy</b>: Ovis isphaganica [sic] Nasonov, 1910,</p> <p>Esfahan (= Isfahan), Iran.</p> <p>Sheep taxonomy is controversial; the Anatolian Sheep (O. gmelinz), the Isfahan Sheep, and the Laristan Sheep (O. laristanica) were usually formerly classified as subspecies of O. orientalis, a classification also adopted by IUCN. However, the name orientalis is based on a hybrid population in north-central Iran and is not useable. Monotypic.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> WC Iran (SW & NW ofthe city of Isfahan), but its distribution limits are undetermined, especially to the E.</p> <p> <b>Descriptive notes.</b> No specific body measurements available. The horns grow in an arc, with the tips growing toward the neck or above the neck. Males in winter pelage have a full-length black neck ruff extending from below the throat to the brisket, and have a distinct white saddle patch. The undersides and upper portion ofthe legs are brown. The area from knees to pastern is usually white in both sexes. The muzzle and chin are white. Females are horned. Diploid chromosome numberis undetermined except for specimens from Mooteh Wildlife Refuge, which have a diploid number of 54.</p> <p> <b>Habitat.</b> Isfahan Sheep occur in lower, less precipitous portions of mountain ranges surrounding the city of Isfahan at elevations not exceeding 2000 m above sea level. In one protected area inhabited by Isfahan Sheep, wild sheep are the most frequently killed prey of Cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus). The wild predator is probably the Gray Wolf (Canis lupus), but its impacts on wild sheep populations are unknown.</p> <p> <b>Food and Feeding.</b> There is no specific information available for this species, butit is likely primarily a grazer like other members of the genus.</p> <p> <b>Breeding.</b> There is no specific information available for this species, but based on closely related species, likely to bear one or two young after a gestation period of 150-160 months.</p> <p> <b>Activity patterns.</b> There is no specific information available for this species, but most likely crepuscular, with bulk of daily activity in early morning and evening, with resting during the hot part of the day.</p> <p> <b>Movements, Home range and Social organization.</b> There is no specific information available for this species, but related species are gregarious, especially females and young.</p> <p> <b>Status and Conservation.</b> Classified as Vulnerable on The IUCN Red List (as O. orientalis isphahanica). It occurs in the Gamishloo, Tange-Sayad, and Kola-Ghazi wildlife refuges and the Tandooreh National Park. It also occurs in the Mooteh Wildlife Refuge, 80 km north-west of Isfahan. Major threats are encroachment of habitat from surrounding urban populations, agricultural development, predation, and harassment by feral dogs,livestock overutilization of rangelands, and transmission of diseases from domestic livestock. Census data are not available, but the entire population probably does not exceed 500 animals.</p> <p> <b>Bibliography.</b> Ellerman & Morrison-Scott (1966), Farhadinia & Hemami (2010), Groves & Grubb (2011), Grubb (2005), Valdez (1982, 2008b), Valdez et al. (1978), Ziaie (1997).</p>Published as part of <i>Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier, 2011, Bovidae, pp. 444-779 in Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 2 Hoofed Mammals, Barcelona :Lynx Edicions</i> on page 684, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/6512484">10.5281/zenodo.6512484</a>
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