160 research outputs found
Peasant household survival strategies: rural transformation in the heartland of Turkey's hazelnut production belt
No full textThis study analyses the dynamics of persistence of the peasantry in a capitalist social formation through a case study of a village (Kayadibi) of hazelnut producers in the Central Black Sea region of Turkey. In the analysis the peasant household is given analytical priority as it is seen to be the single most important social institution through which the peasantry interacts, condition and is conditioned by the wider social, economic and political structures. Within such an analytical framework, this study concentrates on three areas of inquiry concerning the dynamics of survival of peasant modes. This is carried out in the context of the process of rural socio-economic transformation which took place under the impact of capitalism and with the start of hazelnut production for the world market in the early nineteenth century. These are: (1) the historical and contingent factors which contributed to the emergence and decline of big land- ownership and the new forms of development of capitalism in agriculture; (2) the areas of disputes and clashes of interests between the peasantry, the state and the merchants concerning the actual form of organization of the commodity and credit markets and further development or restriction of hazelnut production in the country; and (3) the patterns and mechanisms which enable the peasant households to have continuous access to land, labour and credit. The thesis arrives at the conclusion that the key to the persistence of the peasantry, as a property-owning social category of the society in a capitalist formation, is its strategy of diversifying its sources of income in order to decrease the degree of its dependency on land-bound agricultural production. This is combined with the strategy of consolidating its savings in the means of production in its own possession instead of using them to improve its standards of living and consumption
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency and associated psychopathology: two case presentations
No full text
Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Urinary Catheter Self-Care Management Questionnaire
No full textThis research aims to analyse the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Urinary Catheter Self-Efficacy Scale (C-SE) and the Urinary Catheter Self-Management Scale (C-SMG), which comprise the Urinary Catheter Self-Care Management Questionnaire. This research is planned as a cross-sectional, methodological type of scale adaptation study. The research was conducted in three hospitals in the northwest of Turkey with 101 patients. Content validity index and confirmatory factor analysis were used in the validity analyses. In the reliability analyses, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, the split-half method, the item-total score, and Pearson's correlation analyses were used. The content validity index was 0.911 for the C-SE and 0.989 for the C-SMG. Cronbach's alpha values for the scales were 0.928 and 0.882, respectively. Besides, the item-total correlations changed between 0.562 and 0.831 for the C-SE and between 0.315 and 0.759 for the C-SMG. The coefficients got in halving were 0.960 and 0.943, respectively. The two scales that make up the Urinary Catheter Self-Care Management Questionnaire are valid and reliable measurement tools that can be used for patients undergoing long-term urinary catheterization in Turkey. In line with the results obtained from this study, we suggest that the Urinary Catheter Self-Care Management Questionnaire should be used to evaluate the self-efficacy or self-management levels of Turkish patients undergoing long-term urinary catheterization and to evaluate the effects of nursing interventions on the self-efficacy or self-management levels of patients who have undergone long-term urinary catheterization
Work in progress — Learning management systems acceptances of instructors from various departments: Empirical investigation
No full textThe Effect of Alcohol and Hydrogen Peroxide on Liver Hepcidin Gene Expression in Mice Lacking Antioxidant Enzymes, Glutathione Peroxidase-1 or Catalase
No full textThis study investigates the regulation of hepcidin, the key iron-regulatory molecule, by alcohol and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in glutathione peroxidase-1 (gpx-1−/−) and catalase (catalase−/−) knockout mice. For alcohol studies, 10% ethanol was administered in the drinking water for 7 days. Gpx-1−/− displayed significantly higher hepatic H2O2 levels than catalase−/− compared to wild-type mice, as measured by 2'-7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA). The basal level of liver hepcidin expression was attenuated in gpx-1−/− mice. Alcohol increased H2O2 production in catalase−/− and wild-type, but not gpx-1−/−, mice. Hepcidin expression was inhibited in alcohol-fed catalase−/− and wild-type mice. In contrast, alcohol elevated hepcidin expression in gpx-1−/− mice. Gpx-1−/− mice also displayed higher level of basal liver CHOP protein expression than catalase−/− mice. Alcohol induced CHOP and to a lesser extent GRP78/BiP expression, but not XBP1 splicing or binding of CREBH to hepcidin gene promoter, in gpx-1−/− mice. The up-regulation of hepatic ATF4 mRNA levels, which was observed in gpx-1−/− mice, was attenuated by alcohol. In conclusion, our findings strongly suggest that H2O2 inhibits hepcidin expression in vivo. Synergistic induction of CHOP by alcohol and H2O2, in the absence of gpx-1, stimulates liver hepcidin gene expression by ER stress independent of CREBH
Zn2+ enhances protein tyrosine kinase activity of human platelet membranes
No full textAbstractIn human platelet membranes enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation of certain proteins was observed when Zn2+ instead of Mg2+ or Mn2+ was used as a divalent cation for the kinase reaction. An enhanced level of phosphate incorporation into tyrosine residues occurred into a 68 kDa polypeptide besides the 45 kDa and 105 kDa proteins. Preincubation of platelet membranes with TBR-IgG showed a concentration-dependent inhibition of the phosphorylation of the 45, 68 and 105 kDa proteins. Moreover, pp60c-src, representing the major protein tyrosine kinase activity in platelets, was found to be stimulated by Zn2+. The data, thus, support the assumption that pp60c-src kinase is responsible for Zn2+ stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation
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