56 research outputs found
Tropospheric radiative forcing from El Chichón and Mt. Pinatubo: theory and observations
No full textSeptember 1994.Also issued as Ellsworth G. Dutton's dissertation (Ph.D.) -- Colorado State University, 1995.The possibility of volcanic effects on global and regional climate variables has had a long history of speculation, correlative study, and proposed physical mechanisms. The potential for widespread surface cooling following the extensive spreading of long-lived stratospheric aerosols following major volcanic eruptions is based on the partial blocking of solar radiation incident at the top of the troposphere. Relatively simple physical mechanisms oppose this potential for cooling: dominant forward solar scattering and absorption of outgoing infrared radiation by the aerosols. More complex considerations are the spatial and temporal variations of the distributed aerosol and its optical and physical properties; potential for water/ice cloud modification by the volcanic particles; surface albedo, water vapor, and cloud feedbacks to a temperature change; the role of the oceans in a large-scale radiatively forced temperature variation; possible circulation modifications; and other forced and· random variations in climate. In the current work, rigorous radiative transfer calculations relative to a subset of the above considerations are carried out and compared to observational data to examine deterministic volcanic effects on climate. Specifically, zonally resolved volcanic radiative forcing at the tropopause, and other levels, is computed from the best available information on the spatial and temporal distribution of volcanic aerosols from two recent eruptions, El Chichon (Mexico, 1982) and Mt. Pinatubo (Philippines, 1991). Accuracy of the radiative calculations is partially verified with surface- and satellite-based irradiance observations. Maximum global seasonal-mean radiative forcings of -4.5 and -2.2 W m-2 are calculated following the Mt. Pinatubo and El Chichon eruptions, respectively. Within hemisphere irradiance gradient anomalies of up to 16% at the tropopause are calculated for the second N. Hemisphere summer following the eruptions. The computed radiative forcing is applied to a simple hemispheric tropospheric temperature change model, assuming constant cloudiness and surface albedo, in an effort to explain observed global temperature records (NOM Microwave Sounding Unit) following the two eruptions. Excellent agreement is seen between explained (modeled) and observed global and hemispheric temperature changes after the Mt. Pinatubo eruption, but not following that of El Chichon. Details of this work and some discussion of the results are given. A simple parameterization of the radiative forcing calculations is given that may prove useful in higher spatial and temporal resolution investigations.Sponsored by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; the Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory; and the National Aeronautics & Space Administration
Timepieces
No full text13 p.The author describes her decision NOT to complete a business SIP and to pursue an art major. She discusses the influences of Hans Hoffman, Ellsworth Kelly, and Elizabeth Murray on her collection of eight abstract expressionist paintings
An Archival Case Study: Revisiting The Life and Political Economy of Lauchlin Currie
No full textThis paper forms part of a wider project to show the significance of archival material on distinguished economists, in this case Lauchlin Currie (1902-93), who studied and taught at Harvard before entering government service at the US Treasury and Federal Reserve Board as the intellectual leader of Roosevelt’s New Deal, 1934-39, as FDR’s White House economic adviser in peace and war, 1939-45, and as a post-war development economist. It discusses the uses made of the written and oral material available when the author was writing his intellectual biography of Currie (Duke University Press 1990) while Currie was still alive, and the significance of the material that has come to light after Currie’s death.Lauchlin Currie; economic biography; the New Deal; macroeconomic policy; development economics.
Emerging Financial Markets and Early U.S. Growth
No full textStudies of early U.S. growth traditionally have emphasized real-sector explanations for an acceleration that by many accounts became detectable between 1815 and 1840. Interestingly, the establishment of the nation's basic financial structure predated by three decades the canals, railroads, and widespread use of water and steam-powered machinery that are thought to have triggered modernization. We argue that this innovative and expanding financial system, by providing debt and equity financing to businesses and governments as new technologies emerged, was central to the nation's early growth and modernization. The analysis includes a set of multivariate time series models that relate measures of banking and equity market activity to measures of investment, imports and business incorporations from 1790 to 1850. The findings offer support for our hypothesis of finance-led' growth in the U.S. case. By implication, the interest today in improving financial systems as a means of fostering sustainable growth is not misplaced.
Emerging Financial Markets and Early U.S. Growth
No full textStudies of early U.S. growth traditionally have emphasized real-sector explanations for an acceleration that by many accounts became detectable between 1815 and 1840. Interestingly, the establishment of the nation's basic financial structure predated by three decades the canals, railroads, and widespread use of water and steam-powered machinery that are thought to have triggered modernization. We argue that this innovative and expanding financial system, by providing debt and equity financing to businesses and governments as new technologies emerged, was central to the nation's early growth and modernization. The analysis includes a set of multivariate time series models that relate measures of banking and equity market activity to measures of investment, imports and business incorporations from 1790 to 1850. The findings offer support for our hypothesis of "finance-led" growth in the U.S. case. By implication, the interest today in improving financial systems as a means of fostering sustainable growth is not misplaced.
An Archival Case Study : Revisiting the Life and Political Economy of Lauchlin Currie
No full textThis paper forms part of a wider project to show the significance of archival material on distinguished economists, in this case Lauchlin Currie (1902-93), who studied and taught at Harvard before entering government service at the US Treasury and Federal Reserve Board as the intellectual leader of Roosevelt's New Deal, 1934-39, as FDR's White House economic adviser in peace and war, 1939-45, and as a post-war development economist. It discusses the uses made of the written and oral material available when the author was writing his intellectual biography of Currie (Duke University Press 1990) while Currie was still alive, and the significance of the material that has come to light after Currie's death
Sobre la desintegración de las culturas clásicas.. Anales del Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia. Num. 38 Tomo IX (1955) Sexta Época (1939-1966)
No full textArmillas, Pedro 1944. - Exploraciones Recientes en Teotihuacán, Méx. Cuadernos Amer. Año III No. 4.Armillas, Pedro 1950. – Pre-History and Pre-Columbian History.Armillas, Pedro 1951. - Etnología, Formación Socio-Económica y Religión en Mesoamérica. Congreso Internacional de Americanistas, Selected Papers.Armillas, Pedro 1952. - Apuntes del Curso: Arqueología de México y Mesoamérica II. Escuda Nacional de Antropología e Historia.Anales Toltecas 1949. - Colección Amatlacuilotl. Vargas Rea. Méx.Acosta, Jorge R. y Josefina Lomelí Q. 1939. - Catálogo de los objetos encontrados en Monte Albán, Oax. XXVII Congreso Internacional de Americanistas, Méx.Anderson, Edgard 1943. - Races of Zea Mays a General Survey of the Problem. Acta Americana. Vol. I. No. 1.Bernal, Ignacio 1946. - La Cerámica Preclásica de Monte Albán. Méx.Bernal, Ignacio 1950. - Compendio de Arte Mesoamericano. Ediciones Mexicanas.Caso, Alfonso 1947. - Calendario y Escritura de las Antiguas Culturas de Monte Albán. Méx.Caso, Alfonso 1939. - Resumen del Informe de las Exploraciones en Oaxaca durante la 7a. y 8a. temporadas. XXVII Congreso Internacional de Americanistas.Du Solier, Wilfrido 1939. - Principales Conclusiones obtenidas del Estudio de la Cerámica Arqueológica del Tajín. Actas de la 1a. Sesión del XXVII Congreso Internacional de Americanistas. Tomo II.Gann, Thomas y Thompson, Eric 1931. - The History of the Maya from the Earliest times to de Present Day. C. Scribner's son. New York.Huntington, Ellsworth. 1917. - Maya Civilization and Climatic Changes. Proceedings of the XIXth. Congress of Americanists. Washington.Huntington, Ellsworth. 1945. - Civilization y Clima.Hyatt, Verril A. 1943. - Old Civilizations of the New World. New York.Kidder A. D. 1939. - Chronological Aspects of Recent Archaeological Finds in Guatemala. XXVII Congreso Internacional de Americanistas. Méx.Kidder A. D. 1946. - Introducción at Excavations at Kaminaljuyú, Guatemala. Pub. 561. Carnegie Institution of Wash. D. C.Kidder A. D. 1940. - Archaeological Problems of the Highland Maya. The Maya and their Neighbors.Kirchhoff, Paul. 1943. - Mesoamérica; sus límites geográficos, composición étnica y caracteres culturales. Acta Americana Vol. I.Kluckhohn, Clyde. 1940. - The Conceptual Structure in Middle American Studies, en The Maya and their Neighbors. N. Y.Larco Hoyle, Rafael. 1944. - La Escritura Peruana Pre-incaica. México Antiguo. Tomo VI, Nos. 7-8.Larco Hoyle, Rafael. 1945. - Los Mochica. Sociedad Geográfica Americana. Buenos Aires.Landa, Fray Diego de. 1938. - Relación de las Cosas de la Nueva España. Robredo, Méx.Lehman, Walter. 1936-39. - La Antigüedad histórica de las Culturas Gran Mexicanas y el Problema de su contacto con las Culturas Gran Peruanas. México Antiguo. Tomo IV.Linne, Sigvald. 1942. - Mexican Highland Cultures. The Ethnographical Museum of Sweden Stockholm.Linton, Ralph. 1940. - Crops, Soils, and Culture in América, en The Maya and their Neighbors. D. Appleton Century Company Inc. N. Y.Mac Iver, R. M. 1949. - Causación Social. Fondo de Cultura Económica. Méx.Morley, Silvanus G. 1917. - The Rise and Fall of the Maya Civilizations in the Light of the Monuments and the Native Chronicles. Proceedings of the XIXth. International Congress of Americanists. Washington.Nuttall, Zelia. 1921. - Las Correcciones Periódicas del Antiguo Calendario Mexicano. Anales del Museo Nal. 2a. época. Tomo II.Spinden, H. J. 1915. - The Origen and Distribution of Agriculture in America. International Congress of Americanists. Proceedings. Washington.Spinden, H. J. 1924. - The Reduction of Maya Dates. Papers Peabody Museum of Amer. Archaeology and Ethnology. Harvard Univ. Vol. 6. No. 4. Cambridge, Mass.Spinden, H. J. 1930. - The Population of Ancient America. Peabody Museum. Harvard University. Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian lnstitution. 1929.Spinden, H. J. 1943. - Ancient Civilizations of Mexico and Central America. New York.Spinden, H. J. 1943. - Notes on the Archeology of Salvador. American Anthropologist. Vol. 17. No. 3.Thompson, Eric. 1936. - La Civilización de los Mayas. México.Thompson, Eric. 1940. - Archaeological Problems of the Lowland Maya. en The Maya and theirs Neighbors
Early Years Education in Qatar: a comparative study of its nature, provision and quality in national and international pre-school settings
No full textInterviews with Carl T. Bode, Isabelle Fritschen, Joseph H. Hirt, Mary G. Hirt, and Minnie Campbell
No full textInterviews with Carl T. Bode, Isabelle Fritschen, Joseph H. Hirt, Mary G. Hirt, and Minnie Campbell. The recording includes a variety of German-language songs. The last half of the recording is dedicated to Minnie Campbell telling about her time working for Mother Bickerdyke. The first few minutes of the recording are missing. 00:00:13 - Song, The Messenger Bird sung by Joseph H. Hirt and translated by Isabelle Fritschen 00:01:35 - Song, Birdie in the Window, sung by Mary Gertrude Hirt 00:02:59 - Story of Peter John Thielen\u27s experience in the Franco-Prussian War told by Joseph Hirt 00:05:27 - Grandfather\u27s experience with wild cattle told by Isabelle Fritschen 00:07:31 - Carl T. Bode introduction 00:08:46 - Nursery rhyme about hands 00:09:09 - The Cuckoo and the Donkey 00:09:42 - Sleep Baby Sleep 00:10:24 - Golden Evening Sun 00:11:00 - Beautiful Moon 00:12:10 - My Homeland 00:13:50 - Minnie Campbell Introduction 00:14:05 - Experiences as Mother Bickerdyke\u27s secretary 00:14:35 - Mother Bickerdyke\u27s 81st birthday celebration in Bunker Hill, KS 00:19:59 - Mother Bickerdyke\u27s portrait 00:23:55 - How Lydia Foster, Mother Bickerdyke\u27s Black maid came to live with her. 00:26:34 - Mother Bickerdyke\u27s death 00:29:34 - Mother Bickerdyke\u27s burial in Galesburg, Illinois 00:30:28 - Working for Mother Bickerdyke 00:34:01 - Going to School as a student of James Bickerdyke, Mother Bickerdyke\u27s son 00:35:26 - Decline of Bunker Hill, KS 00:37:15 - Russell stealing the county seat from Bunker Hill 00:38:09 - Closing of the Dorrance, KS bank 00:39:00 - Mother Bickerdyke\u27s personality 00:42:34 - Experience with Nina Brown Baker author of Cyclone in Calico 00:48:24 - Mother Bickerdyke Home for Widows and Children in Ellsworth, KS 00:51:13 - Post scripthttps://scholars.fhsu.edu/sackett/1014/thumbnail.jp
A comparative study of the Finnish 4-H organization and the Wisconsin 4-H organization
No full textPlan BThe education of today’s youth, tomorrow’s future, is the focus of the 4-H organization. The aim of the 4-H program is to develop life skills in youth using hands-on learning. 4-H began in the heartland of America in the early 1900’s and soon stretched around the globe. 4-H or a partner organization of 4-H can be found in over 63 countries in the world (V. Gobeli, personal communication, February 25, 2002). The programming, structure, and principles of 4-H programs around the world are all based on the program that began in the United States, but the methods used are different in every country. It is even different among states in the United States. Each program has unique ideas used in the education of youth, but little communication exists to share these ideas among countries. The purpose of this study is to compare another country’s 4-H program to the program that has been long established in Wisconsin. The goal of the study is to show the similarities and difference of two programs that have been created using the same theme, “learning by doing.” Due to the scope of this research, the researcher chose to look only at one country. The country of Finland was chosen for comparison because of its location, similar structure, and its well-established example of European youth programming. The researcher looked at the history of the two programs to help establish the similarities and difference that might exist. The Finnish 4-H Federation began after two men visited the United States and observed the success of club work administered by the United States Department of Agriculture. The program ideas were changed to fit the needs of the Finnish people, with the key concept of life skill development remaining the same. The researcher also found that many articles have been written to show an importance in international programming and international travel. The research was done using ethnographic research along with a qualitative written survey and various interviews. The written survey was used to gain basic information before ethnographic research began. The research revealed that although the programs have the same basic goal, the two programs are very different. The largest differences were seen in projects offered, staff roles, leaders participation, and competition. It was found that both 4-H programs contained ideas of superior quality. If these ideas were shared, it could help to improve the program in the other country. The research not only compared the two programs, but also recommended further programs or studies that could be established based on the research performed
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