29 research outputs found
The impact of sedentary and physical activity behavior on frailty in middle-aged and older adults
No full textPlease see attached file.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author
Pre-habilitation program for elective coronary artery bypass graft surgery patients: a pilot project
No full textThis study determined whether a pre-operative cardiac “pre-habilitation” (Prehab) program improves the health of elective coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery patients to a greater extent than standard care (StanC). Seventeen elective CABG patients were randomized to StanC (n= 9) or Prehab (n= 8) at Baseline and were followed at 1-2 weeks pre-operatively (Preop) and Three months post-operatively. Functional walking ability was assessed using the 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) and 5-meter Gait Speed Test. Baseline data was not different between groups. Patients in StanC did not improve 6MWT scores; whereas Prehab patients improved 6MWT distance by 35% and 39% at Preop and Three months post-operatively, respectively (p<0.05). Gait speed scores were 25% and 27% lower in Prehab patients at Preop and Three months post-operatively, respectively, as compared to StanC (p<0.05). These data suggest that Prehab is an attractive intervention for enhancing functional walking ability before and after elective CABG surgery.February 201
The impact of sedentary and physical activity behavior on frailty in middle-aged and older adults
No full textBackground and objectives: Physical activity and sedentary behaviors are associated with frailty. However, it is unknown if different accumulation patterns of these behaviors are linked with frailty. Four studies were conducted: the first three determined if bouts of moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and patterns of sedentary behaviors were associated with frailty, (study 1) and if sex (study 2) and CVD status (study 3) affected these associations. Study 4 systematically reviewed the evidence to determine if preoperative physical activity and sedentary behaviors were linked to post-cardiac surgical outcomes.
Methods: Study 1-3 used accelerometer data from the 2003-04/2005-06 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Bouted (≥10 minutes) and sporadic (<10 minutes) durations of MVPA were analyzed based on meeting a proportion of the physical activity guidelines of 150 min/week. Prolonged sedentary behaviours were measured in bouts lasting ≥30 minutes. Breaks from sedentary behavior were any ≥1 minute interruption in sedentary time. Average intensity and duration during breaks were analyzed. Frailty was measured with a 46-item frailty index (FI). Study 4 included investigations that linked preoperative physical activity behaviors to postoperative health outcomes.
Results: The first three studies revealed that sporadic and bouted MVPA were associated with a lower FI. Meeting 1-49% of the physical activity guidelines had a protective association with frailty. Prolonged sedentary bouts had a more detrimental association with frailty in females than males. Bouted MVPA was associated with a lower FI in CVD participants but not in those without CVD. Average break intensity was associated with a lower FI across studies. Average break duration was associated with frailty in males and in those with CVD. Study 4 included 11 articles, which reported inconsistent findings in relation to self-reported physical activity behavior and postoperative outcomes in cardiac surgery patients. No studies analyzed sedentary behavior or frailty.
Conclusions: Data from this thesis suggest that bouts of MVPA and patterns of sedentary behaviors are associated with frailty, and support the need to limit extended periods of sedentary time and promote a physically active lifestyle. Studies are needed to determine if preoperative physical activity and sedentary behaviors are associated with post-cardiac surgical frailty.February 201
A Scoping Review Exploring Machine Learning Applications in Frailty and Cardiovascular Disease
No full textThis document represents the pre-registration of the scoping review protocol for the study 'A Scoping Review Exploring Machine Learning Applications in Frailty and Cardiovascular Disease
Epidemiology of Delirium in Critically Ill Adults: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Outcomes
No full textAdditional file 1 of The impact of cardiovascular health and frailty on mortality for males and females across the life course
No full textAdditional file 1. Expanded Methods. Additional details for assessments of cardiovascular health behaviours and factors. Expanded Results. Additional results for individual LS7 metrics and non-CVD mortality. Expanded Discussion. Additional discussion for non-CVD mortality. Table S1. 33-item frailty index. Table S2. Cardiovascular health behaviors and factors by tertiles of Life’s Simple 7 score and sex. Table S3. Combined effect of frailty and cardiovascular health on mortality in females. Table S4. Combined effect of FI and LS7 on all-cause mortality in males across ages. Table S5. Combined effect of FI and LS7 on CVD mortality in males across ages. Table S6. Association of frailty and cardiovascular health with mortality in females without a CVD diagnosis. Table S7. Association of frailty and cardiovascular health with mortality in males without a CVD diagnosis at ages 30, 50, and 70. Table S8. Characteristics of participants excluded due to incomplete cardiovascular information. Table S9. Mortality rates by frailty and Life’s Simple 7 score groups in males. Table S10. Association of frailty and cardiovascular health with non-CVD mortality in females. Table S11. Associations of frailty and cardiovascular health with non-CVD mortality in males at ages 30, 50, and 70. Table S12. Combined effect of FI and LS7 on non-CVD mortality in males across ages. Table S13. Demographic statistics of all males and females by age groups. Table S14. Cardiovascular health behaviors and factors by age groups. Figure S1. Proportion of participants in each Life’s Simple 7 score tertile by frailty index level (33-item version) for males and females. Figure S2. Simple slopes of the association between Life’s Simple 7 score and the 33-item frailty index from a linear regression model for males and females. Figure S3. Cox regression and Fine-Gray models for combined effect of Life’s Simple 7 score and frailty on all-cause and CVD-related mortality in females without a CVD diagnosis. Figure S4. Cox regression and Fine-Gray models for combined effect of Life’s Simple 7 score and frailty on all-cause and CVD-related mortality in males without a CVD diagnosis, with age centered at 30, 50, and 70. Figure S5. Multiple linear regression model for the association between individual cardiovascular health metrics and frailty
Sustainability of fall prevention exercise programmes for community-dwelling older adults: a scoping review protocol
No full textIntroduction Falls have financial, emotional and physical implications for ageing individuals and the healthcare system. Evidence-based exercise programmes have been one of the most effective ways of preventing falls in community dwellings for older adults. However, more research is needed to understand how to sustain these programmes. This scoping review protocol describes our plan to investigate the factors influencing the sustainability of community-based fall prevention exercise programmes.Methods and analysis Our scoping review will use the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews framework. The studies will have no restrictions, including publication date, language or geographic location. Key search terms concerning programme sustainability and exercise falls prevention will be conducted in Medline, EMBASE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Academic Search Premier, APA PsycINFO and SPORTDiscus in consultation with an experienced librarian. Once duplicates have been removed, two independent reviewers will conduct title and abstract screening, full-text screening and data extraction. Data from eligible articles will be collated and charted to summarise data into three categories: (1) study description, including publication date, author(s), study location, paper’s aim/purpose, study participants, study design and conclusion; (2) data regarding the type of exercise programme will be used using the 16-point checklist Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template; and (3) data regarding sustainability will be organised using domains from the Program Sustainability Assessment Tool. Our results will be charted through the use of Covidence to identify patterns across the studies. Additionally, narrative synthesis will be employed to articulate the study findings.Ethics and dissemination As this is a scoping review, we do not require ethics approval. We intend to share our report findings with scientists, healthcare professionals and decision-makers. We will publish our results in reputable scientific journals and present them at relevant conferences
