1,423 research outputs found
William Pulteney Alison : activist philanthropist and pioneer of social medicine
No full textThe thesis looks in detail at three inter-related aspects of
Alison's life. It examines, firstly, his role in the development
of Edinburgh's rudimentary 'health' network, achieved through the
expansion of the existing medical charity structure and the
introduction of a more interventionist and coordinated approach to
the city's health problems. It traces, secondly, the development
of Alison's social thought - in 1820 he believed that medical and
practical relief for the poor could and should be supplied through
the voluntary charities and only when that proved unsatisfactory
through the poor law, whereas by 1840 he argued that public health
should be the responsibility of government and that the excessive
increase in poverty and disease in Scotland, which he believed had
occurred, was proof that the charitable and legal relief provided
was inadequate. Finally, Alison's influence on the passage of
Scottish poor law and public health legislation in the 1840s and
1850s is examined - the latter involving an assessment of how far
he was responsible for the legislative delay. The poor law debate,
1840-1845, which reveals the forces shaping the reform and the
prevailing attitudes to poverty, highlights the challenge which
Alison's opinions represented and the resulting turmoil in Scottish
social thinking, while his reasons for opposing health legislation,
which established London control are of great importance. They
reveal differences in the rationale behind, and way in which, the
concept of public health was developed in Scotland and England.
Unlike Chadwick and his supporters, Alison emphasised poverty
amelioration and sanitary reform. Part of the explanation for the
differing opinions lay in their respective miasmatic and
contagionist theories for fever generation, but it also reflects,
perhaps more significantly, the impact of European medical police
ideas on Scottish medical opinion - Alison's view of public health
closely resembled that of the French hygienists
Repositioning the graphic designer as researcher
No full textIn academic terms, the discipline of graphic design is relatively young. Consequently the position of the discipline within academic territory, and the role of the designer, continue to be debated. In part, these debates have been a product of attempts to define and defend the discipline’s borders from within, in order to establish a sense of the role of graphic design and the graphic designer as commensurate with other disciplines both within and beyond art and design. In recent years graphic designers have variously been defined as ‘authors’, ‘producers’ and ‘readers’, yet none of these definitions seem to have provided any kind of productive or lasting impact within the academy. This paper suggests that rather than continue to seek territorial definitions and positions from within, it could be more productive to look beyond the confines of the discipline. Gaining a broader, interdisciplinary perspective on, and understanding of, qualitative research methods from other disciplines may enable the graphic designer to more fully position his or her practice within the wider academy. Such a perspective could help facilitate the repositioning and redefinition of the graphic designer as ‘researcher’ - a move that would be productive in relation to the future development of postgraduate research within the discipline
Maximizing the effectiveness of grassland management for a grasshopper sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum) metapopulation
No full textGrassland bird population declines have been attributed to habitat loss and fragmentation and the intensification of agricultural practices. Hayfields are being cut earlier and more frequently during the breeding season resulting in low reproductive success. Grassland bird conservation efforts generally focus on enrolling farmland into landowner incentive programs that require mowing to be delayed until after July 15. Delayed mowing improves grassland bird reproductive success by enabling breeding pairs to fledge at least one brood during the breeding season. This dissertation examines the effect of hayfield management on population viability of a grasshopper sparrow metapopulation in a fragmented landscape in New Jersey and uses statistical power analysis to assess the cost-effectiveness of grasshopper sparrow metapopulation monitoring programs.
I built a spatially-explicit, stage-structured, stochastic model of a grasshopper sparrow metapopulation to determine how probability of extinction (POE) is affected by: (1) total hayfield area enrolled, (2) size of enrolled hayfields, (3) number of hayfield patches enrolled, and (4) isolation of enrolled hayfields. I found that POE decreased quickly with increasing amounts of enrolled hayfield area. After 31 to 48% of hayfield area in the landscape was enrolled, POE decreased minimally with further enrollment. The number of grassland parcels enrolled was also negatively related to POE. When I incorporated a patch size effect (fecundity was directly related to hayfield size) into the model, POE increased within each enrollment category but still decreased with increasing amounts of enrolled grassland (Chapter 2). POE was directly related to the degree of isolation of enrolled hayfields.
Of the monitoring programs we evaluated, the most cost-effective program to detect a 7% population decline included 18 hayfields surveyed six times annually over five years. Additional survey effort would be necessary to detect a smaller population decline and to overcome observer variability in density estimates due to sampling error.
Hayfield management for grassland birds will be most effective when there is not only a focus on the amount of managed habitat, but also on local and landscape scale variables such as patch size and configuration. Cost-effective population monitoring is critical to evaluating the success of management decisions.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical referencesby Alison B. Seige
Do UK based weight management programmes cause weight loss maintenance in adults? A systematic review
No full textThe aim of this dissertation was to examine whether UK based weight management programmes promote weight loss maintenance (follow up of 12 months to assess effectiveness of intervention in weight loss) in adults through the process of a systematic review. The World Health Organisation (WHO) has described obesity as a "global epidemic". Weight management comprises two phases; weight loss and weight loss maintenance. The latter phase is the true goal for obesity and the most difficult element of weight management to achieve. However much less is know about this as compared with the weight loss phase. There is little purpose in committing time and money to reducing obesity if the weight is regained. This is counter-productive and weight loss maintenance is essential to combat the obesity epidemic. Searches were made for relevant information from a variety of scientific online databases and journals,. Seven articles met the inclusion criteria and were analysed in the review. All studies incorporated a multi-component (diet, exercise, behaviur modification) intervention approach. All control and internvetion groups reported weight loss at 12 months when compared with baseline. All groups recieved an intervention. One study reported a significant difference (P<0.05) between groups. Four studies reported on at least one component (diet, physical activity, behaviour modification) however there was not enough information to conclude whether they complied with national guidelines (NICE CG43 and SIGN 115). High attrition rates and loss to follow up are problematic for each study except one. Analysis on an intention to treat basis was common however this is problematic and there are alternative methods which may be more suitable for dealing with missing data
ALISON LEE Piano MASTER’S RECITAL Tuesday, November 26, 2013 8:00 p.m. Lillian H. Duncan Recital Hall
No full textPROGRAM: Impromptu in B-flat Major, Op. 142, No. 3 / Franz Schubert -- Sonata No. 17 in D Minor, Op. 31, No.2, "Tempest" / Ludwig van Beethoven -- Fantasie in C Major, Op. 17 / Robert SchumanThis recital is given in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Music
"Fit for a Picture:" Aestheticizing Southwestern Utah and the Creation of Zion National Park
No full textThe exploration of the monumental landscapes of the trans-Mississippi West in the decades following the Civil War produced a vast archive of imagery detailing the strange new landforms that would not only elucidate the Earth’s geological history but provide the justification for the country to expand westward. The artists and photographers who accompanied these expeditions not only gave visual form to the scientific findings but also fueled public enthusiasm for such explorations in images widely circulated by such popular magazines as Appleton’s, Harper’s Weekly, and The Aldine. Working within the conventions of landscape painting these artists aestheticized these sites, transforming land into scenery, which not only helped the American public to recognize the sometimes newly-acquired lands as American sites by inviting viewers to imaginatively inhabit the scene but also fueled such an enthusiasm for conserving such scenery leading to the establishment of the first national parks. When the National Park Service Act passed in 1916, the conservation of scenery was of the utmost importance to develop these sites into tourist destinations. Combined with the histories, place names, and visitors who projected cultural values onto the land, these aesthetic treatments of a site helped form landmarks and narrative traditions that would teach potential tourists how to look at and interact with the land itself. For the Virgin River Valley in southwestern Utah, which would eventually become Zion National Park in 1919, this process of aestheticizing the land and imbuing it with cultural referents began with artists from the Church of Latter-Day Saints in 1870, with photographer Charles Savage, who was the first to bring images of the canyon to the public through his photography studio in Salt Lake City. He and his Church of Latter-Day Saints (LDS) colleagues, easel painters George Ottinger and Alfred Lambourne, interpreted the canyon with the religious fervor of both their LDS community that settled Utah Territory and wider romantic conceits about the American West’s beauty as proof of the young republic’s desire to expand its influence. Soon thereafter came the United States geological survey of the Colorado River, headed by John Wesley Powell and accompanied by photographers and artists, such as James Fennemore, John K. Hillers, and Thomas Moran. Their pictures would go on to become some of the most popular and widely circulated images of Zion Canyon in the last quarter of the nineteenth century through the commercial sale of stereographs and prints as well as published illustrations in popular periodicals. The exhibition of some of these images at World’s Fairs in Philadelphia (1876), Chicago (1893), and St. Louis (1904) further extended the public reach of several Zion Canyon images, particularly those of the UGSG by Jack Hillers. Against the backdrop of the See America First movement in the opening decades of the twentieth century, promotional publications, written by those eager to nurture tourism to Zion Canyon, recalled the earliest images of the gorge not only to establish landmarks but to firmly place the canyon within the scope of uniquely American sites that defined the country’s exceptionalism
ALISON BAZALA Cello MASTER'S RECITAL Saturday, April 18, 1998 5:30 p.m. Lillian H. Duncan Recital Hall
No full textQuality of recording varies.Program: Cello Concerto in D Major, Hob.VIIb:2 / Franz Joseph Haydn -- Cello Concerto in B minor, Op. 104 / Antonin DvorakThis recital is given in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Music degree
Early transition metal complexes of carbene donors linked to cyclopentadienyl ring analogues or amidine/amidinate moieties
No full textThe new indenyl-functionalised NHC potassium salt, 1-[3-(4, 7-dimethylindenylpropyl]-3-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidenepotassium, has been synthesised. Complexes oftitanium, zirconium and chromium containing this ligand and the two carbon bridge analogue,1-[2-(4,7-dimethylindenyl)ethyl]-3-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2 ylidene potassium,have been synthesised and characterised by X-ray crystallographic techniques. The followingcomplexes were tested as catalysts for the oligomerisation of ethylene in the presence ofMAO: 3-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-1-[2-(4,7-dimethylindenyl)ethyl]-imidazol-2-ylidene(tertbutylimido)titanium chloride, 3-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-1-[3-(4,7-dimethylindenyl)propyl]imidazol-2-ylidene(tert-butylimido)titanium chloride, 3-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-1-[3-(4,7-dimethylindenyl)propyl]imidazol-2-ylidenezirconiumtrichloride, 3-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-1-[2-(4,7-dimethylindenyl)ethyl]imidazol-2-ylidenezirconium trichloride, 3-(2,6-Diisopropylphenyl)-1-[2-(4,7-dimethylindenyl)ethyl]-imidazol-2-ylidenechromium dichloride, 3-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-1-[3-(4,7-(dimethylindenyl)propyl]imidazol-2-ylidene chromium dichloride, 3-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-1-[3-(4,7-dimethylindenyl)propyl]-imidazol-2-ylidene chromium methyl chloride and 3-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-1-[2-(4,7-dimethylindenyl)ethyl]-imidazol-2-ylidenevanadium dichloride.The following alkyl chromium complexes containing 1-[2-(4,7-dimethylindenyl)ethyl]-3-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2 ylidene potassium have also been synthesised: 3-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-1-[2-(4,7-dimethylindenyl)ethyl]-imidazol-2-ylidene chromium phenylchloride and 3-(2,6-diisopropyl-phenyl)-1-[2-(4, 7-dimethylindenyl)ethyl]-imidazol-2-ylidenechromium dibenzyl. Chromium cations have been synthesised using as starting materials thechromium alkyl complexes. The Cr(II) complex 3-(2,6-diisopropyl-phenyl)-1-[2-(4, 7-dimethylindenyl)ethyl]-imidazol-2-ylidene chromium monochloride and a partially oxidiseddimerised product were also isolated. 5-(2-chloroethyl)- 1, 2, 3, 4-tetramethylcyclopentadieneand 5-(3-chloropropyl) 1, 2, 3, 4-tetramethylcyclopentadiene were synthesised and isolated asgeminal isomers for the first time.The trialkyl chromium complex, tribenzyl chromium tris(tetrahydrofuran) was synthesisedand also it was used as starting material for the complexes di(benzyl)chromium bis(1, 3-diisopropylimidazol-2-ylindene) and tri(benzyl)chromium TACN. All complexes werecharacterised by X-ray crystallography.The imidazolium salt 3-(2.6-diisopropylphenyl)-1-[N, N-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)acetamidyl] imidazolium chloride was synthesised and used as a precursorfor the synthesis of amidinate-functionalised NHC zirconium and amidine-functionalisedNHC silver complexes. Double deprotonation of 3-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-1-[N, N’-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)acetamidyl] imidazolium chloride gave the amidinate-functionalised NHCligand, 3-(2.6-diisopropylphenyl)-1-[2-N, N’bis(2,6diisopropylphenylamidinate)ethyl]imidazol-2-ylidenepotassium. Titanium, zirconium andchromium complexes containing this ligand were synthesised and characterised by X-raycrystallographic techniques. Transmetallation of the amidine-functionalised NHC silvercomplex with [Rh(COD)Cl]2 and [Ir(COD)Cl]2 gave the corresponding species. Rh(amidinefunctionalisedNHC)(COD)Cl reacted with Na(BAr)4 (Ar = 3,5-CF3C6H3) to give the cationRh(amidine-functionalised NHC)(COD)]+[BAr4]-. These species were also characterised byX-ray diffraction techniques
A latent semantic analysis of gender stereotype-consistency and narrowness in American English
No full textThe effect of soy isoflavone consumption on serum lipids in healthy young men
No full textPrevious research supports a role of soy protein in reducing serum lipids, however few studies have involved healthy subjects and/or focused on soy isoflavones. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of soy protein and isoflavones on serum lipids in healthy young men. Thirty-five subjects consumed milk protein isolate (MPI), low-isoflavone soy protein isolate (low-iso SPI; 1.64 ± 0.19mg iso/day) and high-isoflavone SPI (high-iso SPI; 61.7 ± 7.4mg iso/day) for 57 days each, separated by 4-week washouts, in a randomized crossover design. Serum was analyzed for TC, LDL-C, HDLC, TG, apo B, apo A-I and CRP. There were no significant effects of treatment on individual serum lipids however the ratios of TC/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C and apo B/apo A-I were significantly decreased by both SPI treatments relative to MPI. Results demonstrate that soy protein, regardless of isoflavone content, modulates serum lipid ratios in a direction beneficial for cardiovascular disease risk in healthy young men
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