1,721,264 research outputs found
The Practical Accomplishment of Everyday Activities Without Sight
No full textThis book is about the everyday life of people with visual impairment or blindness. Using video ethnographic methods and ethnomethodological conversation analysis, it unpacks the practical accomplishments of everyday activities such as navigating in public space, identifying objects and obstacles, being included in workplace activities, interacting with guide dogs, or interacting in museums or classes in school.Navigation, social inclusion, and the world of touch constitute key phenomena that are affected by visual impairment and which we study in this book. Whereas sighted people use their sight for navigating, for figuring out the location of co-participants and the embodied cues they produce, and for achieving understanding of objects in the world, visually impaired people on the contrary cannot rely on vision for navigating, for interpreting embodied cues, or for identifying or recognizing objects. Other sensory resources and other practices are employed to accomplish these basic human actions. The chapters in this book present examples and findings relevant to these issues and draw out the general theoretical implications of these findings. Whereas existing research often studies visual impairment from a medical, cognitive, and psychological perspective, this book provides insights into how visually impaired people accomplish ordinary activities in orderly, organized ways by a detailed study of their actions. While most books describe cognitive and biological issues, many of them using experimental methods, this book provides empirical findings about the actual daily lives as it naturally unfolds based on video recordings. The book contributes insights into the practices of living with visual impairment as well as perspectives for rethinking some of the most basic aspects of human sociality, including perception, interaction, multisensoriality and ocularcentrism (the view that the world is de facto designed by and for sighted persons). As such, the book provides novel findings in the field of ethnomethodological conversation analysis.Renewing the social model of disability, this book will appeal to scholars of sociology with interests in ethnomethodology and conversation analysis, the emergence of practical skills, and understandings of disability in terms of relations between the individual and the social environment.<br/
Doing being a telepresence robot.:Establishing Inter-corporeal/machine-ity
No full textA telepresence robot enables visual and audible access to remote settings through a video camera. Recently, there have been a mobility turn in video-mediated research, paying more attention to not only the fixed computers/cameras, but also use of smart technologies, which affords moving around (Licoppe & Morel, 2014). However, a telepresence robot is quite different than the typically examined object (smartphone) because it is not carried and used in situ by a present person, but is a large self-contained moveable object (robot). Consequently, it occupies a physical position in space, it is mobile, controlled by a dislocated actor and it is seemingly oriented to as a man-machine-figuration: a cyborg (Clark, 2004). Based on multimodal interaction analysis (Streeck, Goodwin, & LeBaron, 2011; Mondada, 2014), and specifically within the mediated interaction tradition (Arminen, Licoppe, & Spagnolli, 2016), this paper reports on findings from a nursing home in Denmark, where a doctor is virtually present through a telepresence robot (BeamPro) . The paper will provide an analysis of the spatial and embodied practices of the (remotely controlled) robot. We will show how 1) the object (robot) and the doctor is oriented to by situated participants as one agent in a participation framework with shifting contextual configurations (Goodwin, 2000), e.g. demonstratively paying attention to spatial distance and mutual positions in space (Goffman, 1963; Hall, 1966; Kendon, 1990; Mondada, 2009). And 2) how the man-machine-figuration (cyborg) performs embodied actions through (machine-)gaze, (machine-)head turning and (machine-)posture (cf. Goodwin, 1979, 1980, 1981; Kendrick & Holler, 2017). The paper is based on approximately 30 hours of video recordings from 5 situations within the same nursing home in Denmark. Each situation was synchronically recorded from three different locations: one GoPro on the robot, one GoPro filming the robot on a distance and one GoPro filming the doctor in his office. References Arminen, I., Licoppe, C., & Spagnolli, A. (2016). Respecifying Mediated Interaction. Research on Language and Social Interaction, 49(4), 290–309. https://doi.org/10.1080/08351813.2016.1234614 Clark, A. (2004). Natural-Born Cyborgs: Minds, Technologies, and the Future of Human Intelligence (1 edition). Oxford University Press. Goffman, E. (1963). Behavior in Public Places: Notes on the Social Organization of Gatheri. see notes for publisher info. Goodwin, C. (1979). The Interactive Construction of a Sentence in Natural Conversation. In G. Psathas (Ed.) Everyday Language: Studies in Ethnomethodology (pp. 97–121). New York, Irvington Publishers. Goodwin, C. (1980). Restarts, Pauses, and the Achievement of a State of Mutual Gaze at Turn-Beginning. Sociological Inquiry, vol:50 hft.:3-4, 272. Goodwin, C. (1981). Conversational Organization: Interaction Between Speakers and Hearers. New York: Academic Press. Goodwin, C. (2000). Action and Embodiment Within Situated Human Interaction. Journal of Pragmatics, 32(10), 1489–1522. Hall, E. T. (1966). The Hidden Dimension. New York: Anchor. Kendon, A. (1990). Conducting Interaction: Patterns of Behavior in Focused Encounters. Cambridge ;;New York: Cambridge University Press. Kendrick, K. H., & Holler, J. (2017). Gaze Direction Signals Response Preference in Conversation. Research on Language and Social Interaction, 50(1), 12–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/08351813.2017.1262120 Licoppe, C., & Morel, J. (2014). Mundane video directors. Showing one’s environment in Skype and mobile video calls. In Studies of Video Practices: Video at Work. Editors: M. Broth, E. Laurier, L. Mondada (pp. 135–160). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315851709 Mondada, L. (2009). Emergent focused interactions in public places: A systematic analysis of the multimodal achievement of a common interactional space. Journal of Pragmatics, 41(10), 1977–1997. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2008.09.019 Mondada, L. (2014). The local constitution of multimodal resources for social interaction. Journal of Pragmatics, 65, 137–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2014.04.004 Streeck, J., Goodwin, C., & LeBaron, C. (2011). Embodied Interaction: Language and Body in the Material World. Cambridge University Press
Hvad er dit Brain-Computer Interface?
No full textDu kender science fiction-figurerne, der kan kontrollere ting alene med deres tanker. En rimelig cool feature. Doctor Who, Master Yoda, X-Men og så videre kan med hjernen flytte en dims. Det kan du også snart, så længe dimsen bare er digital og bevægelig, som fx en drone. Det nyeste inden for Zero UI er ikke længere, at du skal tale med din dims - nu skal du bare telepatere med den. Velkommen til Brain-Computer Interface (BCI)
RoboDoc:Semiotic resources for achieving face-to-screenface formation with a telepresence robot
No full textFace-to-face interaction is a primordial site for human activity and intersubjectivity. Empirical studies have shown how people reflexively exhibit a face orientation and work to establish a formation in which everyone is facing each other in local participation frameworks. The Face has also been described by, e.g., Levinas as the basis for a first ethical philosophy. Humans have established these Face-formations when interacting since time immemorial, but what happens when one of the participants is present through a telepresence robot? Based on ethnomethodology, Peircean/Goodwinian semiotics, multimodal conversation analysis and video data from a Danish residential rehabilitation center, the article shows the ways in which participants manage to interactively, cooperatively, and moment by moment achieve an F-formation in situ. The article contributes a detailed analysis and discussion of the kind of participant a telepresence robot is, in and through situated interactions: I propose that we term this participant the RoboDoc, given that it is an assemblage of a doctor who controls a robot. By focusing on the affordances of mobility, the article contributes to a renewed understanding of the importance and relevance of establishing Face-orientations in an increasingly technofied telepresence world.Face-to-face interaction is a primordial site for human activity and intersubjectivity. Empirical studies have shown how people reflexively exhibit a face orientation and work to establish a formation in which everyone is facing each other in local participation frameworks. The Face has also been described by, e.g., Levinas as the basis for a first ethical philosophy. Humans have established these Face-formations when interacting since time immemorial, but what happens when one of the participants is present through a telepresence robot? Based on ethnomethodology, Peircean/Goodwinian semiotics, multimodal conversation analysis and video data from a Danish residential rehabilitation center, the article shows the ways in which participants manage to interactively, cooperatively, and moment by moment achieve an F-formation in situ. The article contributes a detailed analysis and discussion of the kind of participant a telepresence robot is, in and through situated interactions: I propose that we term this participant the RoboDoc, given that it is an assemblage of a doctor who controls a robot. By focusing on the affordances of mobility, the article contributes to a renewed understanding of the importance and relevance of establishing Face-orientations in an increasingly technofied telepresence world
Situated Socio-material Assemblages:Nordisco23 Keynote
No full textThis presentation examines video data from a variety of socio-material settings where humans, nonhumans, materials, technology, and nature assemble through ongoing, emerging productions. Based in ethnomethodology, the presentation suggests a “misreading” (Garfinkels term) of Deleuze and Guattaris concept of assemblages to work out a replacement of agency from being a human characteristic to being a distributed accomplishment within situated assemblages. The talk presents excerpts from human-animal, human-food, human-plant and human-technology interactions and shows how we can understand these in radical terms as emerging and being accomplished through the distribution of agency. The talk suggest that the replacement of the unit of analysis from being the individual to being the assemblage calls for a respecification of ethnomethodology as assemmethodology (Due, 2023a, 2023b).Due, B. L. (2023a). Assemmethodology? A Commentary. Social Interaction. Video-Based Studies of Human Sociality, 6(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.7146/si.v6i1.137001Due, B. L. (2023b). Situated socio-material assemblages: Assemmethodology in the making. Human Communication Research, hqad031. https://doi.org/10.1093/hcr/hqad031 This presentation examines video data from a variety of socio-material settings where humans, nonhumans, materials, technology, and nature assemble through ongoing, emerging productions. Based in ethnomethodology, the presentation suggests a “misreading” (Garfinkels term) of Deleuze and Guattaris concept of assemblages to work out a replacement of agency from being a human characteristic to being a distributed accomplishment within situated assemblages. The talk presents excerpts from human-animal, human-food, human-plant and human-technology interactions and shows how we can understand these in radical terms as emerging and being accomplished through the distribution of agency. The talk suggest that the replacement of the unit of analysis from being the individual to being the assemblage calls for a respecification of ethnomethodology as assemmethodology (Due, 2023a, 2023b).Due, B. L. (2023a). Assemmethodology? A Commentary. Social Interaction. Video-Based Studies of Human Sociality, 6(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.7146/si.v6i1.137001Due, B. L. (2023b). Situated socio-material assemblages: Assemmethodology in the making. Human Communication Research, hqad031. https://doi.org/10.1093/hcr/hqad031 <br/
Dirt, plants, materials, and animals: processes of assembling and becoming.
No full textSituations are not just as made up of separate elements. Assemblages are emerging combined productions comprising simultaneous and sequential organizations. Agency when working in the field is not just an individual trait. Agency is distributed between heterogenous elements. The simultaneity of working with the field while conversing and the sequentially of interacting with the dog. The observability of the social world: Consequences of actions but also of inanimate structure in the environment has effect on practices. In this presentation I focus on replacing the focus from humans to assemblages and the distribution of agency among present heterogenous elements. The case is from agriculture. I visited a farm. It is a new cooperative movement with the aim of buying up, rebuilding and leasing farms in order to cultivate the land regeneratively in a modern and sustainable way. The aim is to reduce the climate and biodiversity crisis and to produce more healthy food, while at the same time giving more space to nature. Regenerative agriculture is a conservation and rehabilitation approach to food and farming systems. It focuses on topsoil regeneration, increasing biodiversity, improving the water cycle, enhancing ecosystem services, supporting biosequestration, increasing resilience to climate change, and strengthening the health and vitality of farm soil. I conclude, that situations are not just made up of separate elements but collected in assemblages. Assemblages are emerging combined productions comprising simultaneous and sequential organizations. Agency when working in the field is not just an individual trait. Agency is distributed between heterogenous elements. There is simultaneity of working with the field while conversing. The sequentially of interacting with the dog . The observability of the social world. There are consequences of all sorts of animate actions but also of inanimate structure in the environment that has effect on practices. This contributes to Suchmans work.As Suchman (2007, p. 260) emphasized, we can study “the deeply mutual constitution of humans and artifacts, and the enacted nature of the boundaries between them, without at the same time losing distinguishing particularities within specific assemblages”. Agency must then be respecified from a “capacity intrinsic to singular actors to an effect of practices that are multiply distributed and contingently enacted” (Suchman, 2007, p. 267).<br/
Taknemmelighed-som-kontrol-mekanisme. Øjeblikke der fik Trump-Vance-Zelensky skænderiet til at eskalere
No full textFra en politisk diskussion til en magtkamp. Den amerikanske side tvinger Zelensky ind i et hjørne og kræver underkastelse frem for engagement. Taknemmelighed-som-kontrol-mekanismen sikrer, at i stedet for at debattere på lige vilkår, bliver Zelensky tvunget til at retfærdiggøre sin position
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