776 research outputs found
Correction to: When terminology hinders research: the colloquialisms of transitions of control in automated driving (Cognition, Technology & Work, (2022), 10.1007/s10111-022-00705-3)
No full textIn the original article, author affiliation published with error. The correct affiliations are: Davide Maggi—Institute for Transport Studies, Leeds, UK. Richard Romano—Institute for Transport Studies, Leeds, UK. Oliver Carsten—Institute for Transport Studies, Leeds, UK. Joost C. F. De Winter—Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands. The original article has been corrected.Human-Robot Interactio
Coupling of Efferent Neuromodulatory Neurons to Rhythmical Leg Motor Activity in the Locust
No full textBaudoux, Sylvie, Carsten Duch, and Oliver T. Morris. Coupling of efferent neuromodulatory neurons to rhythmical leg motor activity in the locust. J. Neurophysiol. 79: 361–370, 1998. The spike activity of neuromodulatory dorsal unpaired median (DUM) neurons was analyzed during a pilocarpine-induced motor pattern in the locust. Paired intracellular recordings were made from these octopaminergic neurons during rhythmic activity in hindleg motor neurons evoked by applying pilocarpine to an isolated metathoracic ganglion. This motor pattern is characterized by two alternating phases: a levator phase, during which levator, flexor, and common inhibitor motor neurons spike, and a depressor phase, during which depressor and extensor motor neurons spike. Three different subpopulations of efferent DUM neurons could be distinguished during this rhythmical motor pattern according to their characteristic spike output. DUM 1 neurons, which in the intact animal do not innervate muscles involved in leg movements, showed no change apart from a general increase in spike frequency. DUM 3 and DUM 3,4 neurons produced the most variable activity but received frequent and sometimes pronounced hyperpolarizations that were often common to both recorded neurons. DUM 5 and DUM 3,4,5 neurons innervate muscles of the hindleg and showed rhythmical excitation leading to bursts of spikes during rhythmic activity of the motor neurons, which innervate these same muscles. Sometimes the motor output was coordinated across both sides of the ganglion so that there was alternating activity between levators of both sides. In these cases, the spikes of DUM 5 and DUM 3,4,5 neurons and the hyperpolarization of DUM 3 and DUM 3,4 neurons occurred at particular phases in the motor pattern. Our data demonstrate a central coupling of specific types of DUM neurons to a rhythmical motor pattern. Changes in the spike output of these particular efferent DUM neurons parallel changes in the motor output. The spike activity of DUM neurons thus may be controlled by the same circuits that determine the action of the motor neurons. Functional implications for real walking are discussed.</jats:p
Theodor Storm's novelle ''Carsten Curator': An evaluation of the terms "Befreiungsdichtung" and "das Peinliche".
No full textThis thesis undertakes an analysis of two interrelated aspects of Theodor Storm's later prose writing. The Novelle Carsten Curator (1877) has been selected since this work constitutes the most significant example of both "Befreiungsdichtung" and "das Peinliche". A definition of "Befreiungsdichtung" - the artistic projection of personal experience as an act of 'self-liberation' - and the way this is revealed in a series of earlier works is the subject of the first chapter. The following three chapters offer a study of the genesis of Carsten Curator and show by an investigation into Storm's relationship with his eldest son (Chapter 2) the extent of the autobiographical content in the Novelle (Chapter 4) and Storm's awareness of its 'confessional' nature while writing it (Chapter 3). The second part of the thesis concerns itself with artistic problems which thereby arose for Storm. The creative process conditioned Storm's treatment of the thematic complex of heredity, alcoholism and paternal responsibility in Carsten Curator and brought with it a degree of realism which the author and his more sensitive critics found 'unpoetic' and thus 'offensive' (Chapter 5). This constitutes "das Peinliche", which Storm believed detracted from the 'tragic' nature of the central conflict. The following two chapters assess Carsten Curator in the light of Storm's theoretical definitions of "das Tragische" and draw the conclusion that the Novelle is a prime example of his mature tragic art. Chapter 8 discusses the implications of "das Peinliche" for a study of Storm's later Novellen (1877 - 1888), including the development of his realism, the effects of literary censorship on his later treatment of the central themes of Carsten Curator and his knowledge of Naturalist literature, showing the absence of any direct influence where these themes are concerned. The thesis concludes that Storm's continuing preoccupation with the themes of Carsten Curator after 1877 can be attributed only to their 'confessional' nature
Corrigendum: Towards an understanding of global brain data governance: ethical positions that underpin global brain data governance discourse
No full textIn the published article, there was an error in the author list arrangement, the corrected author list appears below. Paschal Ochang1*, Damian Eke1 and Bernd Carsten Stahl1,2 The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated
Punishing Effect of Rhodiola rosea in larval Drosophila melanogaster
No full textThe aim of this thesis is to investigate the reinforcing effects that R. rosea has in larval D. melanogaster, an established study case for associative learning. R. rosea root material was previously known to have a rewarding effect in a one-odor learning paradigm in D. melanogaster larvae. Here it is shown that, in addition, this plant material has as punishing effect. Given that a compound that can mediate the rewarding effects of R. rosea has recently been identified, it was the aim of this thesis to identify the chemical compound(s) responsible for the punishing effect. Towards this end a bio-assay guided fractionation with activity-correlation analysis was performed. Each fractionation step was tested in the one-odor learning paradigm for effectiveness. In the end a single compound could not be identified. The results suggest, however, that the punishing and the rewarding effects of R. rosea are not mediated by the very same compound. The second part of this thesis focuses on the neuronal circuitry underlying the punishing effect of R. rosea in D. melanogaster larvae. Transgenic manipulation of the larval mushroom body, a brain area known for memory formation, was performed using the UAS/ Gal4 system. UAS-KirGFP/ OK107-Gal4 animals showed impairments in R. rosea extract punishment memory. However, experiments for innate responses towards odor and R. rosea extract showed differences to genetic control animals, such that these differences might partially account for the observed punishment memory defects
Naturalizing institutions: Evolutionary principles and application on the case of money
No full textIn recent extensions of the Darwinian paradigm into economics, the replicator-interactor duality looms large. I propose a strictly naturalistic approach to this duality in the context of the theory of institutions, which means that its use is seen as being always and necessarily dependent on identifying a physical realization. I introduce a general framework for the analysis of institutions, which synthesizes Searle's and Aoki's theories, especially with regard to the role of public representations (signs) in the coordination of actions, and the function of cognitive processes that underly rule-following as a behavioral disposition. This allows to conceive institutions as causal circuits that connect the population-level dynamics of interactions with cognitive phenomena on the individual level. Those cognitive phenomena ultimately root in neuronal structures. So, I draw on a critical restatement of the concept of the meme by Aunger to propose a new conceptualization of the replicator in the context of institutions, namely, the replicator is a causal conjunction between signs and neuronal structures which undergirds the dispositions that generate rule-following actions. Signs, in turn, are outcomes of population-level interactions. I apply this framework on the case of money, analyzing the emotions that go along with the use of money, and presenting a stylized account of the emergence of money in terms of the naturalized Searle-Aoki model. In this view, money is a neuronally anchored metaphor for emotions relating with social exchange and reciprocity. Money as a meme is physically realized in a replicator which is a causal conjunction of money artefacts and money emotions. --Generalized Darwinism,institutions,replicator/interactor,Searle,Aoki,naturalism,memes,emotions,money
Data to the manuscript "Biological aging of two innate behaviors of Drosophila melanogaster: escape climbing versus courtship learning and memory" by Thiem J, Viskadourou M, Gaitanidis A, Stravopodis DJ, Strauß R, Duch C, Consoulas C
No full text<p><span>All measurements that were used for the figures in Thiem et al., 2024 are provided in a single excel file with a separate page for each figure. </span></p>
<p><strong><span>Figure 1A, B. </span></strong><em><span>Climbing performance remains stable in mid life but decreases during late life</span></em></p>
<p><em><span> </span></em><span>Oregon-R males were singly isolated in falcon vials and left undisturbed for 30 minutes. Then each fly received three </span><span>L</span><span>ight </span><span>S</span><span>timuli (</span><span>LS, </span><span>displacement of the fly at the bottom of the vial by tapping or flipping the vial) followed by six </span><span>M</span><span>oderate </span><span>S</span><span>timuli (</span><span>MS, </span><span>1 s vortexing) in two rounds. Finally, each fly received a combination of ~20 mixed stimuli (</span><span>Strong Stimuli, SS; </span><span>flipping, banking and vortexing of the vial) in a fast pace</span><span>. </span><span>We measured the time-to-climb a 6 cm vertical distance on the wall of the vial within 10 seconds. Failure was considered the unsuccessful effort of completing the task within 10 s.</span><span> </span><span>The 6 cm vertical distance of the vial was divided in 4 regions (I=bottom-1.5 cm, II=1.5-3.0 cm, III=3-4.5 cm, IV=4.5-6.0 cm). The final position (I, II, III, IV) for flies failing to complete the task within 10 seconds was marked. In the case a fly failed to initiate climbing (FAILED) or responded by jump or flight instead of climbing was marked as well. All measurements are in seconds. <span> </span></span></p>
<p><strong><span>Figure 2. </span></strong><em><span>Courtship LTM is absent during mid and late life</span></em></p>
<p><span>A. Courtship Index of males towards Tester and Sham. Males were frustrated by mated females for eight hours and their courtship towards testers (young virgins) were measured 24 hours later. Males housed in the same devises for eight hours but without the presence of a mated female were examined for their courtship performance 24 hours later (Sham).</span></p>
<p><span>B. Long Term Memory was estimated as </span><a name="OLE_LINK1"></a><span>the ratio CI test/the mean of CI sham</span><span>.</span></p>
<p><span> </span></p>
<p><strong><span>Figure 3. </span></strong><em><span>Late life pathophysiology of locomotor behavior</span></em></p>
<p><span>A, B, F. The physical status of each male was examined once a day. Healthy responses or/and deficits were letter-coded.</span></p>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<p><span>f= fit (normal escape climbing)</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p><span>a=Jump</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p><span>b=flight</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p><span>c=Leg immobility</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p><span>i=Moderate climbing defects</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p><span>l=Severe climbing defects</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p><span>h=Paradoxical behavior</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p><span>n=Responsivness defect</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p><span>g=Terminal stage</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p><span>Courtship collapse</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p><span>K=Dead</span></p>
</td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><span> </span></p>
<p><span>C. Age of death of experimental and control males (days).</span></p>
<p><span>F. Average and maximum climbing speed measurements (cm/sec). </span></p>
<p><span> </span></p>
<p><strong><span>Figure 4. </span></strong><em><span>Male courtship index decays in old flies, but courtship learning and (STM) remain stable.</span></em></p>
<p><span>A. Percentage of courtship of males towards trainers (young mated females) was estimated for the first 10 minutes (CI initial) and the last 10 minutes (CI final) of one hour courtship period. Then the percentage of courtship of males towards the testers (young virgin females) was estimated for the first 10 minutes (CI test). Cohorts of non-frustrated males of different age were tested for their courtship performance towards young virgin females (CI Sham) within the first 10 minutes.</span></p>
<p><span>B. Learning Intex is the ratio: CI final/CI initial.</span></p>
<p><span>C. The 5min STM is </span><span>the ratio CI test/the mean of CI sham</span><span>.</span></p>
<p><span> </span></p>
<p><strong><span>Figure 5. </span></strong><em><span>Speed decays gradually during aging whereas courtship performances collapses in old flies, but a weak-to-moderate correlation is found between speed and STM</span></em></p>
<p><span>A. Climbing speed (cm/sec) of >70 days old males. </span></p>
<p><span>B. Courtship Index of the same males towards trainers and testers.</span></p>
<p><span>C. STM Index of the same males </span></p>
<p><span>D. Courtship collapse. Courtship Index towards trainers and testers of the same males at the day that courtship collapses as well as the previous two days.</span></p>
<p><span>E. Climbing speed measurements (cm/sec) of the same males at the day that courtship collapses as well as the previous two days.</span></p>
<p><span>F. Correlation between climbing speed and courtship index (vs. Trainer and Tester) and STM.</span></p>
<p><span> </span></p>
<p><strong><span>Figure S1 </span></strong><em><span>Latencies to different courtship rituals</span></em></p>
<p><span>Measurements (seconds) of courtship rituals (courtship/orientation, singing, licking attempting copulation) of the same flies</span><span> </span><span>as in Figure 4 in 4, 6, 8, 10 weeks of age.</span></p>
<p><strong><span>Figure S2 </span></strong><em><span>Latencies to courtship rituals in flies older than 10 weeks</span></em></p>
<p><span>Measurements (seconds) of courtship rituals (courtship/orientation, singing, licking attempting copulation) of those flies (Figure 5) that reached >70 days of age.</span></p>
<p><span> </span></p>
<p><span>The original fly videos are available upon request</span></p>
A Conversation with Carsten Wergin, Author of Tourism, Indigeneity, and the Importance of Place
No full textIn this edition of Lexington Books\u27 Anthropology of Tourism: Heritage, Mobility and Society Author Conversation webinar, series editor Michael A. Di Giovine talks to Carsten Wergin about his book, Tourism, Indigeneity and the Importance of Place: Fighting for Heritage at Australia\u27s Last Frontier. A vivid, sophisticated ethnography, Wergin\u27s book analyzes what is one of the largest environmental protest actions in Australian history: the Walmadany/James Price Point conflict. The discussion ranges from Indigenous Heritage and Indigenous Tourism, to the ways in which heritage preservation and resource extraction are both opposed to each other, but, in many ways, coexist in a transecological sense. They discuss the Lurujarri Heritage Trail and the ways in which Indigenous culture and Indigenous learning is cultivated among foreign and domestic tourists, and how such indigenous tourism initiatives can work to destabilize outside forces, as well as create avenues for collaboration and mutual understanding. A lively Q and A with critical heritage studies students from West Chester University addresses ethnographic methods and ethics, the future of these environmental protests, and the relevance of transecological and indigenous conceptions of heritage on current-day conflicts in which various groups around the world produce differing heritage claims on contested land
Making sense of institutional change in China: The cultural dimension of economic growth and modernization
No full textBuilding on a new model of institutions proposed by Aoki and the systemic approach to economic civilizations outlined by Kuran, this paper attempts an analysis of the cultural foundations of recent Chinese economic development. I argue that the cultural impact needs to be conceived as a creative process that involves linguistic entities and other public social items in order to provide integrative meaning to economic interactions and identities to different agents involved. I focus on three phenomena that stand at the center of economic culture in China, networks, localism and modernism. I eschew the standard dualism of individualism vs. collectivism in favour of a more detailed view on the self in social relationships. The Chinese pattern of social relations, guanxi, is also a constituent of localism, i.e. a peculiar arrangement and resulting dynamics of central-local interactions in governing the economy. Localism is balanced by culturalist controls of the center, which in contemporary China builds on the worldview of modernism. Thus, economic modernization is a cultural phenomenon on its own sake. I summarize these interactions in a process analysis based on Aoki's framework. --Aoki,culture and the economy,emics/etics,guanxi,relational collectivism,central/local government relations,culturalism,population quality,consumerism
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