1,174 research outputs found
Gal, Ofer; Chen-Morris, Raz. Baroque Science [RESEÑA]
No full textReseña del libro «Baroque Science» de Ofer Gal y Raz Chen-Morris, publicado en 2013 por University of Chicago Press.Esta reseña se encuentra bajo una licencia CC BY-NC 4.0Peer reviewe
A Robust Neural Fingerprint of Cinematic Shot-Scale
No full textThis article provides evidence for the existence of a robust “brain-print” of cinematic shot-scales that generalizes across movies, genres, and viewers. We applied a machine-learning method on a dataset of 234 fMRI scans taken during the viewing of a movie excerpt. Based on a manual annotation of shot-scales in five movies, we generated a computational model that predicts time series of this feature. The model was then applied on fMRI data obtained from new participants who either watched excerpts from the movies or clips from new movies. The predicted shot-scale time series that were based on our model significantly correlated with the original annotation in all nine cases. The spatial structure of the model indicates that the empirical experience of cinematic close-ups correlates with the activation of the ventral visual stream, the centromedial amygdala, and components of the mentalization network, while the experience of long shots correlates with the activation of the dorsal visual pathway and the parahippocampus. The shot-scale brainprint is also in line with the notion that this feature is informed among other factors by perceived apparent distance. Based on related theoretical and empirical findings we suggest that the empirical experience of close and far shots implicates different mental models: concrete and contextualized perception dominated by recognition and visual and semantic memory on the one hand, and action-related processing supporting orientation and movement monitoring on the other
Deep driven fMRI decoding of visual categories
No full textDeep neural networks have been developed drawing inspiration from the brain visual pathway, implementing an end-to-end approach: from image data to video object classes. However building an fMRI decoder with the typical structure of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), i.e. learning multiple level of representations, seems impractical due to lack of brain data. As a possible solution, this work presents the first hybrid fMRI and deep features decoding approach: collected fMRI and deep learnt representations of video object classes are linked together by means of Kernel Canonical Correlation Analysis. In decoding, this allows exploiting the discriminatory power of CNN by relating the fMRI representation to the last layer of CNN (fc7). We show the effectiveness of embedding fMRI data onto a subspace related to deep features in distinguishing semantic visual categories based solely on brain imaging data
Séminaire Descartes, Autour de l’ouvrage d’O. Gal et R. Chen-Morris : Baroque Science
No full textSamedi 21 novembre de 9 h 30 à 13 h 00, à l’ENS, 29 rue d’Ulm, salle Paul Langevin. Autour de l’ouvrage d’Ofer Gal et Raz Chen-Morris : Baroque Science (Univ. of Chicago Press, 2012). Présentation par Pierre Jeandillou (Lille 3). Interventions de Philippe Hamou (Paris-Ouest), Koen Vermeir (CNRS-SPHERE). Réponses d’Ofer Gal (Sydney). Modératrice : Sophie Roux. Prochaines séances
What paediatric obesity treatment programmes work, and how can we measure their success?
No full text
Body Mass Index of Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
No full text An association between overweight and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children was previously suggested. We examined the prevalence of overweight, anthropometric changes, and the effect of methylphenidate treatment in 275 children with ADHD without neurological comorbidities and in controls. Data were extracted from medical charts, for up to 17 months of follow-up. Height, weight, body mass index, and their z scores did not differ between the ADHD and control groups. Prevalence of overweight and obesity was lower in the ADHD group compared with controls (19% vs 35%, P = .02, and 7% vs 16%, P = .05, respectively). During a follow-up of up to 17 months, no significant changes in height or body mass index z scores were found, including in a subgroup of overweight children. We conclude that compared with local controls, children with ADHD have rates of overweight and obesity that are lower, but that are similar to national estimates. Methylphenidate treatment did not significantly affect height, weight, or overweight status. </jats:p
The Role of Anisakis sp. in α-Gal Sensitization: Implications for Parasitic-Induced Meat Allergy
No full textAuthor Contributions:
Conceptualization, M.R., A.S.O., F.V., A.D. and C.C.; methodology, M.R., S.R., Á.V. and J.G.-F.; validation, M.R., J.G.-F., A.D. and C.C.; formal analysis, M.R., J.G.-F., A.D. and C.C.; investigation, M.R., S.R., Á.V., J.G.-F., A.S.O., F.V., A.D. and C.C.; resources, A.S.O., F.V. and C.C.; data curation, M.R., J.G.-F., A.D. and C.C.; writing—original draft preparation, M.R. and C.C.; writing—review and editing, M.R., J.G.-F., A.D. and C.C.; funding acquisition, A.S.O., F.V. and C.C. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscriptBackground/Objectives:
This study investigates the potential of Anisakis sp. as a novel source of α-Gal (Galα1-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc-R) epitopes capable of inducing allergic sensitization in humans. While α-Gal is classically associated with delayed IgE-mediated hypersensitivity following tick bites, emerging evidence suggests that parasitic helminths such as Anisakis sp. may also express α-Gal-containing glycoconjugates, offering an alternative sensitization pathway.
Methods:
Protein extracts from Anisakis sp. third-stage larvae and mammalian tissues (beef, pork) were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot using a monoclonal anti-α-Gal antibody (clone M86), and α-Gal epitopes were detected by ELISA. Sera from urticaria patients, stratified by Anisakis sp. sensitization status, were evaluated for anti-α-Gal IgG, IgE, and IgG4 antibodies. Inhibition assays assessed cross-reactivity
Results:
Results confirmed the presence of α-Gal epitopes on Anisakis sp. proteins, with prominent bands at ~250 kDa and 65 kDa. Urticaria patients sensitized to Anisakis sp. exhibited significantly elevated anti-α-Gal antibody levels compared to controls. Inhibition ELISA demonstrated substantial reduction in antibody binding with Anisakis sp. extracts, indicating shared antigenic determinants with mammalian α-Gal.
Conclusions:
These findings establish Anisakis sp. as a source of α-Gal-containing glycoproteins capable of eliciting specific antibody responses in humans, highlighting a potential parasitic route for α-Gal sensitizationDepto. de Microbiología y ParasitologíaDepto. de Sanidad AnimalFac. de FarmaciaFac. de VeterinariaTRUEpu
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