95,382 research outputs found
FIGURES 1–4 in Distinctaleyrodes setosus Dubey & Sundararaj (Sternorrhyncha: Aleyrodidae), a new whitefly genus and species from India
No full textFIGURES 1–4. Distinctaleyrodes setosus Dubey and Sundararaj gen. et sp. nov. 1, puparium; 2, thoracic tracheal pore; 3, dorsal seta; 4, vasiform orifice.Published as part of Dubey, A. K. & Sundararaj, R., 2006, Distinctaleyrodes setosus Dubey & Sundararaj (Sternorrhyncha: Aleyrodidae), a new whitefly genus and species from India, pp. 35-39 in Zootaxa 1154 on page 37, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17222
Distinctaleyrodes Dubey & Sundararaj, 2006, gen. nov.
No full textDistinctaleyrodes gen. nov. Type species: Distinctaleyrodes setosus sp. nov., by original designation. DIAGNOSIS. Puparium elongate; thoracic tracheal pores indicated and caudal tracheal pore deeply invaginated; dorsum not separated from dorsal disc; meso and metathoracic setae present; submedian setae present on abdominal segments 37; caudal setae excluded; each major setae turned parallel to dorsal surface above its pedicel, with turning point (apical end of pedicel) thickened and galllike, obscuring the pedicel in dorsal view; vasiform orifice elevated; operculum filling more than half of orifice; lingula exposed. Antennae lateral to prothoracic leg, tracheal folds not indicated.Published as part of Dubey, A. K. & Sundararaj, R., 2006, Distinctaleyrodes setosus Dubey & Sundararaj (Sternorrhyncha: Aleyrodidae), a new whitefly genus and species from India, pp. 35-39 in Zootaxa 1154 on page 36, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17222
FIGURES 5–8. Distinctaleyrodes setosus Holotype. 5 in Distinctaleyrodes setosus Dubey & Sundararaj (Sternorrhyncha: Aleyrodidae), a new whitefly genus and species from India
No full textFIGURES 5–8. Distinctaleyrodes setosus Holotype. 5, puparium; 6, thoracic tracheal pore; 7, dorsal seta; 8, vasiform orifice.Published as part of Dubey, A. K. & Sundararaj, R., 2006, Distinctaleyrodes setosus Dubey & Sundararaj (Sternorrhyncha: Aleyrodidae), a new whitefly genus and species from India, pp. 35-39 in Zootaxa 1154 on page 38, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17222
Distinctaleyrodes setosus Dubey & Sundararaj, 2006, sp. nov.
No full textDistinctaleyrodes setosus sp. nov. (Figs. 1–4) PUPARIUM (Fig. 1). Pale, with secretion of white wax; asymmetrically elongate, slightly curved and constricted at caudal end, 1.28–1.68 mm long, 0.40–0.56 mm wide. Found singly on the under surface of leaves, mostly along mid vein of leaf. Margin. (Fig. 2). Crenulate, 2–3 crenulations in 0.1 mm; submarginal striations present; thoracic tracheal pore faintly indicated in the margin while caudal tracheal pore indicated by deep invagination. Anterior marginal setae absent and posterior marginal setae 18 m long. Dorsum. Tuberculate, submargin with a row of small striations. Longitudinal moulting suture faintly discernible and reaching margin and transverse moulting suture reaching submargin. A row of tubercles on outer submedian area from base of cephalic submarginal setae to posterior caudal end distinct. Median tubercles absent and submedian depressions on abdominal segments faintly discernible. Seventh abdominal segment very short. Chaetotaxy. Two pairs of submarginal setae first pair arising anteriorly in cephalic end on tubercle, 330 m long and second pair arising from caudal end, 112 m long. 10 pairs of subdorsal setae on the submedian area with distinct bases (Fig. 3), 43–70 m long, 5 pairs on cephalothorax (one pair each on pro, meso and metathorax on submedian area and one pair each on meso and metathorax on subdorsal area and five pairs on abdomen (one pair on inner submedian area of first abdominal segment and four pairs on outer submedian area of abdominal segments III–VI), eighth abdominal setae 17 m long; six pairs of subdorsal minute setae, 13–15 m long, one pair each on prothorax, metathorax, second abdominal segment and three pairs laterad of caudal furrow. Vasiform orifice (Fig. 4) subcircular, 56–60 m long, 50–58 m wide; operculum subcircular, 20–30 m long, 20–36 m wide. Lingula exposed. Caudal furrow with faint tubercles, 196 m long, 20 m wide at its widest end. Pores and porettes evident. Ven te r. Paired ventral abdominal setae 38 m long, 38 m apart. Antennae reaching base of mesothoracic legs. Thoracic and caudal tracheal folds not indicated. MATERIAL EXAMINED. Holotype puparium, INDIA, Karnataka: Kudremukh National Park, on Derris sp., 7.viii. 2001 (A.K. Dubey) (FRI). Paratypes: 8 puparia, data as holotype (ANIC, BMNH, IARI, NMNH, NTU, SMTD, USDA, ZMU).Published as part of Dubey, A. K. & Sundararaj, R., 2006, Distinctaleyrodes setosus Dubey & Sundararaj (Sternorrhyncha: Aleyrodidae), a new whitefly genus and species from India, pp. 35-39 in Zootaxa 1154 on pages 36-39, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17222
A dynamic tactile sensor on photoelastic effect
No full textCertain photoelastic materials exhibit birefringent characteristics at a very low level of strain. This property of material may be suitable for dynamic or wave propagation studies, which can be exploited for designing tactile sensors. This paper presents the design, construction and testing of a novel dynamic sensor based on photoelastic effect, which is capable of detecting object slip as well as providing normal force information. The paper investigates the mechanics of object slip, and develops an approximate model of the sensor. This allows visualization of various parameters involved in the sensor design. The model also explains design improvements necessary to obtain continuous signal during object slip. The developed sensor has been compared with other existing sensors and experimental results from the sensor have been discussed. The sensor is calibrated for normal force which is in addition to the dynamic signal that it provides from the same contact location. The sensor has a simple design and is of a small size allowing it to be incorporated into robotic fingers, and it provides output signals which are largely unaffected by external disturbances
A finger mechanism for adaptive end effectors
No full textThis paper presents design and analysis of a rigid link finger, which may be suitable for a number of adaptive end effectors. The design has evolved from an industrial need for a tele-operated system to be used in nuclear environments. The end effector is designed to assist repair work in nuclear reactors during retrieval operation, particularly for the purpose of grasping objects of various shape, size and mass. The work is based on the University of Southampton's Whole Arm Manipulator, which has a special design consideration for safety and flexibility. The paper discusses kinematic issues associated with the finger design, and to the end of the paper specifies the limits of finger operating parameters for implementing control law
Grasping and control issues in adaptive end effectors
No full textResearch into robotic grasping and manipulation has led to the development of a large number of tendon based end effectors. Many are, however, developed as a research tool, which are limited in application to the laboratory environment. The main reason being that the designs requiring a large number of actuators to be controlled. Due to the space and safety requirements, very few have been developed and commissioned for industrial applications. This paper presents design of a rigid link finger operated by a minimum number of actuators, which may be suitable for a number of adaptive end effectors. The adaptive nature built into the end effector (due to limited number of actuators) presents considerable problems in grasping and control. The paper discusses the issues associated with such designs. The research can be applicable to any adaptive end effectors that are controlled by limited number of actuators and evaluates their suitability in industrial environments
Setaleyrodes machili Dubey 2017, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Setaleyrodes machili</i> sp. nov. <p>(Figs 1–35)</p> <p> <b>Puparium</b>. In life, puparium brown to jet black on <i>Machilus odoratissima</i> (Figs 6, 7), shining, some puparia transparent white (Fig. 5) on other unidentified host, without secretion of wax; elongate oval; broadest at metathorax to first abdominal region and narrow at posterior abdominal area; dimorphic, female 928–1075 µm long, 412–538 µm wide; male 725–850 µm long, 350–375 µm wide; found only on lower surface of leaves; scattered or attached with middle or side veins, 3–5 puparia per leaf.</p> <p> <b>Margin</b>. Crenulate, a row of large crenulations close to and over shorter true crenulations, 25–28 short and 11– 15 large crenulations in 0.1 mm; margin slightly modified in thoracic tracheal pore opening areas (Figs 9, 17, 26), but caudal tracheal pore clearly indicated with fine teeth.</p> <p> <b>Dorsum</b>. Entirely tuberculate (Figs 7, 8, 14, 15, 23). Submargin not differentiated from the dorsal disc. Median length of cephalothorax (387–449 µm long in female, 332–448 µm long in male) shorter (164–167 µm) than abdomen (540–612 µm long in female, 499–500 µm long in male); mesothorax (female 67–75 µm, male 55 µm long) longer (13–17 µm in female and subequal in male) than metathorax (female 50–62 long, male 42–55 µm long). Median length of abdominal segments I–VII measured in female 55–63, 45–53, 60–68, 60–65, 60–65, 57– 65, 15–18 and 47–50 µm long, respectively and in male 45–48, 45, 45–57, 52–60, 50–53, 45–50, 12–13 and 40–45 µm long, respectively. Abdominal segment VII much reduced in middle length (Figs 19, 25, 30), shorter than VI. Submedian area of meso- and metathorax with a pair of differentiated tubercles (Figs 8, 10, 16, 18, 24). Abdominal segment sutures prominent, with pockets on submedian area (Fig. 29); submedian depressions present on all the cephalothoracic and abdominal segments (two pairs on metathorax, three pairs on meso- and prothorax and two pairs on cephalous, between cephalic setae) (Figs 12, 14, 15, 24, 25), abdominal depressions one pair each on segment I–VII, elongate in shape, reaching middle of segments. Longitudinal and transverse moulting suture reaching margin, faint on submarginal area. Caudal furrow continuous from the base of vasiform orifice to caudal tracheal comb (Fig. 11), encircling widely vasiform orifice, furrow posterior to vasiform orifice filled with tubercles (Fig. 28), these tubercles appear as transverse plates in slide mounted puparia (Fig. 21), 55–78 µm long in female, 40 µm long in male; the distance measured from the base of vasiform orifice to the caudal tracheal comb opening is 122–132 µm long. Two pairs of geminate pores located between the first abdominal setae. The distance between geminate pore and associated porette is 1–2 times the diameter of the large pore itself (Fig. 32). Pockets discontinuous.</p> <p> <b>Vasiform orifice</b>. Situated in an elongate pit (Fig. 28); not elevated, trapezoidal or elongate subcordate, posteriorly truncate (Fig. 31), area posterior to vasiform orifice and caudal margin ornamented with transverse plates; female 50–65 µm long, 45–55 wide; male 42–55 µm long, 40–43 µm wide; operculum broadly subcordate (Fig. 31), covering half the length of orifice, 25–30 µm long in both male and female, wider than long in both male and female, wider in female than male, 35–38 µm wide in female and 27–32 µm wide in male, operculum anteriorly slightly narrow, 17 µm wide. Lingula tip exposed, D-shaped, with a pair of small setae subapically (Fig. 31).</p> <p> <b>Venter</b> (Fig. 33). Paired ventral abdominal setae 10–13 µm long, 43 µm apart in male, 52–63 µm apart in female (Fig. 35). Antennae 37–43 (including 4 µm keel) µm long. Pro-, meso- and metathorax encircled by longitudinal ventral fold. The longitudinal ventral fold provided with a series of many microsetae (Figs 13, 34). Antenna reaching 1/3rd of prothoracic leg (Fig. 22). Stipples absent in thoracic tracheal folds but present in caudal tracheal fold. Microsetae at base of pro-, meso- and metalegs and at base of rostrum present. Spiracles visible.</p> <p> <b>Chaetotaxy</b>. Anterior marginal setae not discernable, posterior marginal setae 12–25 µm long. Cephalic, first abdominal and eighth abdominal setae small, pointed and much shorter than caudal setae. Cephalic 8–30 µm long, first abdominal setae pointed (Figs 20, 27), 20–45 µm long, eighth abdominal setae posterior to base of vasiform orifice, medio-anterior to operculum, 7–10 µm long; caudal setae on margin, laterad of caudal furrow margins, 70– 88 (including base 7 µm long) µm long.</p> <p> <b>Host plant</b>. <i>Machilus odoratissima</i> Nees (Lauraceae).</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> India: Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand.</p> <p> <b>Material examined</b>. Holotype. INDIA: Himachal Pradesh, Kufri, altitude 8600 feet, one puparium on slide, on <i>Machilus odoratissima</i>, 25.xii.2014, A. K. Dubey (NFIC-FRI). Paratypes. 30 puparia on 10 slides, several puparia in alcohol, data same as of holotype (NFIC-FRI); Uttarakhand: Dhanaulti, altitude 7500 feet, 51 puparia on 12 slides, on <i>Machilus odoratissima</i>, many puparia in 95% alcohol, 23.xii.2015, A. K. Dubey; Nainital, altitude 6800 feet, 20 puparia on 10 slides, on <i>Machilus odoratissima</i>, 12.i.2016, many in 95% alcohol, A. K. Dubey (Natural History Museum, London and A. K. Dubey private collection).</p> <p> <b>Etymology</b>. The species is named after its host plant genus, <i>Machilus</i>.</p> <p> <b>Remarks</b>. Puparia of this new species differ from all other known <i>Setaleyrodes</i> species in colour, shape, and by the absence of three pairs of long anterior marginal setae, and in having a reduced operculum and exposed lingula. This species is only known to occur in the high altitude area of Western Himalayan range.</p> <p> <b>Biology.</b> This species is occurring in high altitude areas at 7500 feet in Western Himalaya where it is infesting leaves of the <i>Machilus</i> trees growing in the slopes of valley. In these mountains, only short time day visits can be made. During the collection of this species from 2014 to 2016, the population was found higher (3–5 puparia per leaf) during the cooler months from January to March with more infested leaves, and then lower from April, remaining almost scanty and constant (1–2 puparia per leaf) for the rest of the year, with fewer infested leaves. In all the collections made, this species was represented by fourth instars only except a single population where variation in pigmentation was observed during transformation from third instar to puparium. The second and third instar were white, the late third instar and transforming early fourth instars were brown, however, the late fourth instar were always found jet black but without wax. In all the collections, puparia were found without wax, and clearly visible on shiny and light bluish green under surface of host plant leaves. The new species lays its eggs in circle (Fig. 1), which turn dark brown upon hatching (Fig. 2). Only one circle of eggs was noticed per leaf.</p>Published as part of <i>Dubey, Anil Kumar, 2017, Description of a new species, Setaleyrodes machili Dubey, sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) infesting Machilus odoratissima Nees (Lauraceae) in Western Himalaya, India, pp. 291-300 in Zootaxa 4363 (2)</i> on pages 293-299, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4363.2.8, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/1098862">http://zenodo.org/record/1098862</a>
Pseudocercospora rauvolfiicola A. Singh, P. N. Singh and N. K. Dubey 2022, sp. nov.
No full textPseudocercospora rauvolfiicola A. Singh, P.N. Singh and N.K. Dubey sp. nov. Fig 1–4 MycoBank: MB 834637 Etymology. Name refers to Rauvolfia, the host genus from where the fungus was isolated. Culture characteristics – Colonies after 21 days at 27 ° C on Oat Agar (OA) blackish grey, velvety, mycelium sparse, sulcate, reverse blackish grey reaching 30 mm diameter. On Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) erumpent in centre, margin lobed, grayish black, velvety, reverse black, upto 16 mm. Pathogen on Rauvolfia serpentina Leaf spots dark blackish brown with yellowish encircling area on the upper leaf surfaces, grayish brown on lower surfaces, circular to irregular. Caespituli hypophyllous, substomatal. Mycelium internal, branched. Asexual morph: Stromata substomatal, pseudoparenchymatous, light yellowish brown to light brown, globular, few cells to 13 µm filling stomatal opening, Conidiophores 14–35.5 × 2–3 µm (x̅= 24×3, n=40) macronematous, mononematous, olivaceous brown to light brown, paler towards the tip, fasciculate in divergent fascicles (up to 14), smooth, 0–3 septate, branched, straight to curved, geniculate, sub cylindrical. Conidiogenous cells polyblastic, integrated, terminal, pale olivaceous, smooth, geniculate, scar unthickened. Conidia 9.5–56.5 × 2–3.5 µm (x̅= 36×3 µm, n =40), solitary to branched in chains, acropleurogenous, holoblastic, pale brown, subcylindrical to obclavate, apex obtuse to subacute, base obconico truncate, ramoconidium present, straight to curved, 1–5 septate, hilum unthickened. Type. India, Uttar Pradesh, Sonebhadra, leaf spots on Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth.ex Kurz (Apocynaceae), 15 Dec. 2019, Archana Singh, AMH-10139 (Holotype), BHUAS/19/23 (Isotype), NFCCI 4586 (ex-type living culture), ITS, LSU, ACT and TEF sequences GenBank MT068200.1, MT102882.1, MW496125, MW496126.Published as part of Singh, Archana, Singh, Paras Nath & Dubey, Nawal Kishore, 2022, Morphology and Phylogeny of a new species Pseudocercospora rauvolfiicola on medicinal plant Rauvolfia serpentina from Sonebhadra Forest, Uttar Pradesh, India, pp. 128-138 in Phytotaxa 545 (2) on page 131, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.545.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/653463
Salt Tolerance Potential in Onion: Confirmation through Physiological and Biochemical Traits
No full textProduction of many crops, including onion, under salinity is lagging due to limited information on the physiological, biochemical and molecular mechanisms of salt stress tolerance in plants. Hence, the present study was conducted to identify salt-tolerant onion genotypes based on physiological and biochemical mechanisms associated with their differential responses. Thirty-six accessions were evaluated under control and salt stress conditions, and based on growth and bulb yield. Results revealed that plant height (6.07%), number of leaves per plant (3.07%), bulb diameter (11.38%), bulb yield per plant (31.24%), and total soluble solids (8.34%) were reduced significantly compared to control. Based on percent bulb yield reduction, seven varieties were classified as salt tolerant (with 40% yield reduction) and the remaining as moderately tolerant (with 20 to 40% yield reduction). Finally, seven salt-tolerant and seven salt-sensitive accessions were selected for detailed study of their physiological and biochemical traits and their differential responses under salinity. High relative water content (RWC), membrane stability index (MSI), proline content (PRO), and better antioxidants such as super oxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were observed in tolerant accessions, viz. POS35, NHRDF Red (L-28), GWO 1, POS36, NHRDF Red-4 (L-744), POS37, and POS38. Conversely, increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, reduced activity of antioxidants, more membrane injury, and high Na+/K+ ratio were observed in sensitive accessions, viz. ALR, GJWO 3, Kalyanpur Red Round, NHRDF Red-3 (L-652), Agrifound White, and NHRDF (L-920). Stepwise regression analysis identified bulb diameter), plant height, APX, stomatal conductance (gS), POX, CAT, MDA, MSI, and bulb Na+/K+ ratio as predictor traits accounting for maximum variation in bulb yield under salinity. The identified seven salt-tolerant varieties can be used in future onion breeding programs for developing tolerant genotypes for salt-prone areas
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