6 research outputs found
Comment on "Community Involvement in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage Management: An Assessment from Case Studies in Southern Africa and Elsewhere" by Shadreck Chirikure and Gilbert Pwiti
No full textMy comments address not the specifics of Chirikure and Pwiti’s judicious intervention into the policy of Zimbabwean and South African archaeology but its general principle: deference to “community.”Open peer commentary on: Chirikure, Shadreck, and Gilbert Pwiti. "Community Involvement in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage Management: An Assessment from Case Studies in Southern Africa and Elsewhere." Current Anthropology 49, no. 3 (2008): 467-485.Peer reviewe
Feeding behavioural patterns of Imbrassia belina larvae that minimizes the production of tannins in Colophospermum mopane leaves
No full textMopane (Colophospermum mopane) trees respond to herbivory by producing secondary metabolites known as tannins. In order to exploit such trees, insects will adopt feeding patterns that will best reduce production of such feeding deterrents. To elucidate this, the behavioural feeding patterns of Imbrasia belina larvae were studied on Mopane trees and artificial damage on the same was done by punching small holes on a large number of leaves over a period of 25 days. Similarly, a control was used to simulate feeding behaviour of I. belina larvae by removing a large number of full leaves on each day over a period of 25 days. In each instance leaves were collected and tested for tannin content using the Folin-Ciocalteau method. The feeding behavioural patterns showed that I. belina larvae will feed on a full leaf at a time and will not leave a leaf unfinished. The surface area of leaf eaten by these larvae increases exponentially from the first instar to the last instar until the entire tree foliage is finished. The results obtained for tannin content showed that removing full leaves as in the control resulted in no increase in amount of tannin produced whereas artificial damage resulted in an increase in amount of tannin produced. From these results it can then be concluded that the feeding behaviour of I. belina will minimises production of tannins on Mopane trees
Effect of method of inoculation, moisture and seedling age on foliar anthracnose development in two varieties of Sorghum bicolar (Kadoma 332 and Marapansi)
No full textThe infection efficiency of Colletotrichum sublineolum was determined on two Sorghum bicolar varieties Kadoma 332 and Marapansi. In all situations Marapansi was resistant to Colletotrichum sublineolum whereas K332 was susceptible to varying degrees in different situations. Pathological development progressed as follows; a few circular spots appeared after inoculation and their number increased progressively. Initially they developed into circular well defined elliptical lesions ranging from tan to brown in colour with straw coloured centers which were spotted with minute black specks. Extensive areas of dry tissue were observed leading to the death of mainly the basal leaves as the infected areas coalesced. Bagging showed improvement for the onset and development of the disease with the application of conidial spores being more effective for disease onset than infected leaf powder for both bagged and none bagged plants. Effect of the age of the plant on susceptibility was investigated. This involved inoculation of the plants at three different growth stages. These were the seedling stage, growth stage 3 and growth stage 5 (the booting stage). Development of anthracnose in K332 was optimized at Stage 5 followed by stage 3 then stage one. Increasing the frequency of bagging above once every other day did not improve chances of onset and development of anthracnose on the tested plants. In vitro experiments to study the mode of entry and proliferation of the fungus and its optimal temperature of growth revealed that spores germinated within 24 hours and 27 oC was found to be the optimal temperature for fungal development
Authenticity and the localness of heritage: emerging perceptions at World Heritage sites in Africa. Conversaciones con... Herb Stovel Num. 8 Año 5 (2019) julio-diciembre
No full textCultural heritage in Africa is viewed as a local phenomenon embedded in the rich and diverse Indigenous Knowledge Systems of local communities. It reflects the pioneering spirit and approaches of local communities in defining the localness and character of heritage. However, colonialism almost erased this localness in Africa through advancing the monumentality approach, further reinforced by the World Heritage concept until recent times. To address this issue, the authenticity concept was adopted as a way of restoring the localness and character of cultural heritage. Through this concept, the African cultural heritage provides local perspectives and insights into the discourse on authenticity. Robben Island World Heritage site (South Africa), offers cross-cutting local perspectives and insights on authenticity. This discussion emphasises understanding the dynamics between authenticity and inscription process, obtaining and safeguarding information sources, conservation, sustainable development and heritage curriculums. The paper recommends adopting a progressive and adaptive approach to broaden the concept of authenticity as a continuing process linked to the ever-changing cultural practices at the local, which gives birth to ‘current authenticity’. This reinforces the importance of emerging local perspectives on authenticity and local communities in the future implementation of World Heritage in Africa.Abungu, George (2014) Looking at the traditional heritage conservation and management systems: the case of the Rabai Sacred Kaya Forests, Kenya, Unpublished paper, Paper presented at the NARA+20 Workshop, July 2014, Cape Town, South Africa.Abungu, George O. (2015) “Introduction”, in: George Abungu (ed.), Traditional management systems at World Heritage sites in Africa, Midrand, South Africa, pp. 15-22.African World Heritage Fund (2014) Report of the Nara document workshop that was held in Cape Town, South Africa from 8 to 9 July 2014, Midrand, South Africa.Chirikure, Shadreck (2014) Nara document, heritage training and research: an African perspective, Unpublished paper, Paper presented at the NARA+20 Workshop, July 2014, Cape Town, South Africa.Chirikure, Shadreck, Tawanda Mukwende and Pascall Taruvinga (2015) “Post-colonial heritage conservation in Africa: perspectives from drystone wall restorations at Khami World Heritage Site, Zimbabwe”, International Journal of Heritage Studies 22 (2): 165-178.Entech (2003) Robben Island stone quarry: protection measures for quarry sites and stone wall. Consultancy report, Unpublished report submitted to Robben Island Museum, Cape Town, South Africa.Hart, Tim (2003) Conservation statement on proposed rehabilitation options, northwest quarry, Robben Island, Unpublished Report, Department of Archaeology, University of Cape Town.Jokilehto, Jukka and Joseph King (2000) Authenticity and integrity. Summary of ICCROM Position Paper, Amsterdam 1998 [https://whc.unesco.org/en/events/443/] (accessed on 25 March 2019).Jopela, Albino (2016) “The traditional custodianship system in Southern Africa”, in: George O. Abungu (ed.), Traditionalmanagement systems at heritage sites in Africa, Midrand, South Africa, pp. 23-55.Kigongo, Remigius and Andrew Reid (2007) “Local communities, politics and the management of the Kasubi tombs, Uganda”, World Archaeology 39 (3): 371-384.Lowenthal, David (1995) “Changing criteria of authenticity”, in: Knut Einar Larsen (ed.), Nara conference on authenticity - Conférence de Nara sur l’authenticité, Japan 1994, Proceedings, UNESCO World Heritage Centre/Agency for Cultural Affairs (Japan)/ICCROM/ICOMOS, Tapir Publishers, Trondheim, pp. 121-135.Mahachi, Godfrey and Ephraim Kamuhangire (2008) “Administrative arrangements for heritage resources management in sub-Saharan Africa”, in: Webber Ndoro, Albert Mumma and George Abungu (eds.), Cultural heritage and the law. Protecting immovable heritage in English-speaking countries of Sub-Saharan Africa, ICCROM Conservation Studies 8, ICCROM, Rome, pp. 43-51.Matenga, Edward (2004) Proposals for the conservation of a dry stone wall at the Blue Stone Quarry on Robben Island, Unpublished report, File 9/2/018/0004, SAHRA Archives.Mumma, Albert (2002) “Legal aspects of cultural landscape protection in Africa”, in: Cultural landscapes: the challenges of conservation, shared legacy. World Heritage Papers 7, UNESCO, Paris, pp. 156-159.Nara document on authenticity (1994) Nara document on authenticity [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nara_Document_on_Authenticity] (accessed on 25 march 2016).Ndlovu, Ndukuyakhe (2014) Authenticity and the application of the World Heritage Convention. Unpublished paper, Paper presented at the NARA+20 Workshop, July 2014, Cape Town, South Africa.UNESCO (2017) Operational Guidelines for the implementation of the World Heritage Convention, UNESCO, Paris.Robben Island Museum (2017) Draft Policy regulating Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) between Robben Island Museum and Ex-Political Prisoners. Robben Island Museum, Cape Town (South Africa), Unpublished document.Saouma-Forero, Galia (ed.) (2001) Authenticity and integrity in an African Context. Expert meeting, Great Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe, 26-29 May 2000, UNESCO, Paris.Stanley-Price, Nicholas and Joseph King (eds.) (2009) Conserving the authentic. Essays in honour of Jukka Jokilehto, ICCROM Conservation Studies 10, ICCROM, Rome.Stovel, Herb (2008) “Origins and influence of the Nara document on authenticity”, APT Bulletin 39 (2/3): 9-10.Taruvinga, Pascall and Souayibou Varissou (2013) Conservation practices at African World Heritage sites: the case of Kasubi Tombs and Great Zimbabwe, Midrand, South Africa - African World Heritage Fund. Unpublished Paper.Taruvinga, Pascall (2014) Conservation, Tourism and Social responsibility: Challenges of developing Robben Island World Heritage site as a sustainable ‘hybrid’ institution, Unpublished paper, Paper prepared for a Workshop on Heritage and Sustainable development, 2014, Morocco.Taruvinga, Pascall (2015) Local actors and their role in sustainable development at World Heritage sites in Africa, the case of Robben Island World Heritage Site, Cape Town, Robben Island.Taruvinga, Pascall (2017) Living heritage, contestations and conservation: the case of Robben Island World Heritage Site, South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa, Unpublished paper.Taruvinga, Pascall (2017) Building robust heritage industries: Making heritage responsive to socio-economic needs of African State Parties, Unpublished paper, Paper presented during the International Conference on African Cultures (ICAC 2017), National Art Gallery of Zimbabwe, 11-13 September 2017, Harare, Zimbabwe.Taruvinga, Pascall (2018) Building bridges between theory and practice; aligning university curriculums to the interdisciplinary needs of World Heritage sites: case of Robben Island World Heritage site, Unpublished paper, Paper Presented at the UNESCO “Workshop World Heritage and Educational Institutions in Africa”, 19-21 April 2018, Great Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe.Von Droste, Bernd (2012) “World Heritage and globalization: UNESCO’s contribution to the development of global ethics”, in: Marie-Theres Albert, Marielle Richon, Marie José Viñals and Andrea Witcomb (eds.), Community development through World Heritage, World Heritage Papers (31), UNESCO, Paris, pp. 10-15
Autenticidad y la localidad del patrimonio: percepciones emergentes en sitios de Patrimonio Mundial en África. Conversaciones con... Herb Stovel Num. 8 Año 5 (2019) julio-diciembre
No full textEl patrimonio cultural en África se analiza como un fenómeno local embebido en los ricos y diversos Sistemas de Conocimiento Indígenas de las comunidades locales. Refleja el espíritu pionero y los enfoques de las comunidades locales para definir la localidad y el carácter del patrimonio. Sin embargo, el colonialismo prácticamente borró esta localidad en África con el posicionamiento del enfoque monumental, reforzado aún más por el concepto de Patrimonio Mundial hasta tiempos recientes. Para enfrentar el tema, se adoptó el concepto de autenticidad como una forma de restaurar la localidad y el carácter del patrimonio cultural. Mediante ese concepto, el patrimonio cultural africano provee perspectivas y conocimientos locales al discurso sobre autenticidad. El sitio de Patrimonio Mundial de Robben Island (Sudáfrica) ofrece perspectivas locales que se entrecruzan y percepciones sobre la autenticidad. Esta discusión enfatiza la comprensión de dinámicas entre la autenticidad y los procesos de inscripción, la obtención y salvaguarda de fuentes de información, conservación, desarrollo sostenible y programas universitarios sobre patrimonio. El presente artículo recomienda la adopción de un enfoque progresivo y adaptativo para ampliar el concepto de autenticidad como un proceso continuo, vinculado con las siempre cambiantes prácticas locales que dan paso a la "autenticidad actual". Esto refuerza la importancia de las perspectivas locales emergentes sobre autenticidad y las comunidades locales en el futuro de la implementación del Patrimonio Mundial en África.Abungu, George (2014) Looking at the traditional heritage conservation and management systems: the case of the Rabai Sacred Kaya Forests, Kenya, Unpublished paper, Paper presented at the NARA+20 Workshop, July 2014, Cape Town, South Africa.Abungu, George O. (2015) “Introduction”, in: George Abungu (ed.), Traditional management systems at World Heritage sites in Africa, Midrand, South Africa, pp. 15-22.African World Heritage Fund (2014) Report of the Nara document workshop that was held in Cape Town, South Africa from 8 to 9 July 2014, Midrand, South Africa.Chirikure, Shadreck (2014) Nara document, heritage training and research: an African perspective, Unpublished paper, Paper presented at the NARA+20 Workshop, July 2014, Cape Town, South Africa.Chirikure, Shadreck, Tawanda Mukwende and Pascall Taruvinga (2015) “Post-colonial heritage conservation in Africa: perspectives from drystone wall restorations at Khami World Heritage Site, Zimbabwe”, International Journal of Heritage Studies 22 (2): 165-178.Entech (2003) Robben Island stone quarry: protection measures for quarry sites and stone wall. Consultancy report, Unpublished report submitted to Robben Island Museum, Cape Town, South Africa.Hart, Tim (2003) Conservation statement on proposed rehabilitation options, northwest quarry, Robben Island, Unpublished Report, Department of Archaeology, University of Cape Town.Jokilehto, Jukka and Joseph King (2000) Authenticity and integrity. Summary of ICCROM Position Paper, Amsterdam 1998 [https://whc.unesco.org/en/events/443/] (accessed on 25 March 2019).Jopela, Albino (2016) “The traditional custodianship system in Southern Africa”, in: George O. Abungu (ed.), Traditionalmanagement systems at heritage sites in Africa, Midrand, South Africa, pp. 23-55.Kigongo, Remigius and Andrew Reid (2007) “Local communities, politics and the management of the Kasubi tombs, Uganda”, World Archaeology 39 (3): 371-384.Lowenthal, David (1995) “Changing criteria of authenticity”, in: Knut Einar Larsen (ed.), Nara conference on authenticity - Conférence de Nara sur l’authenticité, Japan 1994, Proceedings, UNESCO World Heritage Centre/Agency for Cultural Affairs (Japan)/ICCROM/ICOMOS, Tapir Publishers, Trondheim, pp. 121-135.Mahachi, Godfrey and Ephraim Kamuhangire (2008) “Administrative arrangements for heritage resources management in sub-Saharan Africa”, in: Webber Ndoro, Albert Mumma and George Abungu (eds.), Cultural heritage and the law. Protecting immovable heritage in English-speaking countries of Sub-Saharan Africa, ICCROM Conservation Studies 8, ICCROM, Rome, pp. 43-51.Matenga, Edward (2004) Proposals for the conservation of a dry stone wall at the Blue Stone Quarry on Robben Island, Unpublished report, File 9/2/018/0004, SAHRA Archives.Mumma, Albert (2002) “Legal aspects of cultural landscape protection in Africa”, in: Cultural landscapes: the challenges of conservation, shared legacy. World Heritage Papers 7, UNESCO, Paris, pp. 156-159.Nara document on authenticity (1994) Nara document on authenticity [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nara_Document_on_Authenticity] (accessed on 25 march 2016).Ndlovu, Ndukuyakhe (2014) Authenticity and the application of the World Heritage Convention. Unpublished paper, Paper presented at the NARA+20 Workshop, July 2014, Cape Town, South Africa.UNESCO (2017) Operational Guidelines for the implementation of the World Heritage Convention, UNESCO, Paris.Robben Island Museum (2017) Draft Policy regulating Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) between Robben Island Museum and Ex-Political Prisoners. Robben Island Museum, Cape Town (South Africa), Unpublished document.Saouma-Forero, Galia (ed.) (2001) Authenticity and integrity in an African Context. Expert meeting, Great Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe, 26-29 May 2000, UNESCO, Paris.Stanley-Price, Nicholas and Joseph King (eds.) (2009) Conserving the authentic. Essays in honour of Jukka Jokilehto, ICCROM Conservation Studies 10, ICCROM, Rome.Stovel, Herb (2008) “Origins and influence of the Nara document on authenticity”, APT Bulletin 39 (2/3): 9-10.Taruvinga, Pascall and Souayibou Varissou (2013) Conservation practices at African World Heritage sites: the case of Kasubi Tombs and Great Zimbabwe, Midrand, South Africa - African World Heritage Fund. Unpublished Paper.Taruvinga, Pascall (2014) Conservation, Tourism and Social responsibility: Challenges of developing Robben Island World Heritage site as a sustainable ‘hybrid’ institution, Unpublished paper, Paper prepared for a Workshop on Heritage and Sustainable development, 2014, Morocco.Taruvinga, Pascall (2015) Local actors and their role in sustainable development at World Heritage sites in Africa, the case of Robben Island World Heritage Site, Cape Town, Robben Island.Taruvinga, Pascall (2017) Living heritage, contestations and conservation: the case of Robben Island World Heritage Site, South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa, Unpublished paper.Taruvinga, Pascall (2017) Building robust heritage industries: Making heritage responsive to socio-economic needs of African State Parties, Unpublished paper, Paper presented during the International Conference on African Cultures (ICAC 2017), National Art Gallery of Zimbabwe, 11-13 September 2017, Harare, Zimbabwe.Taruvinga, Pascall (2018) Building bridges between theory and practice; aligning university curriculums to the interdisciplinary needs of World Heritage sites: case of Robben Island World Heritage site, Unpublished paper, Paper Presented at the UNESCO “Workshop World Heritage and Educational Institutions in Africa”, 19-21 April 2018, Great Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe.Von Droste, Bernd (2012) “World Heritage and globalization: UNESCO’s contribution to the development of global ethics”, in: Marie-Theres Albert, Marielle Richon, Marie José Viñals and Andrea Witcomb (eds.), Community development through World Heritage, World Heritage Papers (31), UNESCO, Paris, pp. 10-15
