15,127 research outputs found
Varicosporellopsis shangrilaensis Z. R. Dou & K. L. Wang 2023, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Varicosporellopsis shangrilaensis</i> Z. R. Dou & K. L. Wang, <i>sp. nov.</i> (Figure 2) <p>Index Fungorum number: IF 559862</p> <p> <b>Etymology:</b> —The epithet “ <i>shangrilaensis</i> ” refers to the name of the host location, Shangri-la, where the holotype was collected.</p> <p> <b>Holotype:</b> — CHINA, Yunnan Province, Diqing City, Shangri-la County, N 27°26′19.715″ E 99°50′24.193″, from the rhizosphere soil of the plant <i>Astragalus polycladus</i> Bur. et Franch; 24 September 2021, Z. R. Dou, CGMCC 3.21000 holotype, deposited in the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center. Ex-type living culture MTF 7, preserved in the Dali University Culture Collection.</p> <p> <b>Description:—Asexual morph</b> <i>colonies</i> on PDA initially white, gradually turning to pale yellow after two weeks, cottony, growing slowly, reaching 30 mm diam, after 10 days at 26 °C. <i>Mycelium</i> hyaline, branched, smooth, consisting of septate, frequently forming hyphal coils. <i>Conidiophores</i> macronematous, erect, septate, unbranched or branched at the base. <i>Conidiogenous cells</i> 10–20 × 3–5 μm (x̅ = 14.5 × 4.3 μm, n = 100), phialidic, with a minute collarette. <i>Conidia</i> two types: <i>Macroconidia</i> 8–20 × 2.5–8.5 μm (x̅ = 13.5 × 4.5 μm, n = 100), reniform or cymbiform, straight or slightly curved, guttulate, aseptate, hyaline, smooth; <i>Microconidia</i> 3.5–6.5 × 3–6 μm (x̅ = 4.9 × 4.8 μm, n = 100), spherical or teardrop-shaped, guttulate, aseptate, hyaline, smooth. <i>Chlamydospores</i> not observed. <b>Sexual morph</b> was undetermined.</p> <p> <b>Known distribution:</b> — Diqing City (H about 3,226 m), Shangri-la County, Yunnan Province, China.</p> <p> <b>Additional material examined:</b> — CHINA, Yunnan Province, Diqing City, Shangri-la County, N 27°26′19.715″ E 99°50′24.193″, from rhizosphere soil of <i>Astragalus polycladus</i>, 24 September 2021, K. L. Wang and Z. R. Dou, living culture KLF 01.</p>Published as part of <i>Dou, Zheng-Rong, Zhang, Fa, Zhou, Guo-Jun, Gong, Gao-Fen, Ding, Jia-Jie, Fan, Xu-Hang, Jiang, Bei & Wang, Kai-Ling, 2023, Varicosporellopsis shangrilaensis sp. nov. (Nectriaceae, Hypocreales), a new terricolous species isolated from the rhizosphere soil of Astragalus polycladus in northwestern Yunnan, China, pp. 230-238 in Phytotaxa 600 (4)</i> on pages 233-234, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.600.4.2, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/8093963">http://zenodo.org/record/8093963</a>
Il "Devisement dou monde" come problema filologico
No full textContributo dedicato alla tradizione manoscritta del "Devisement dou monde" di Marco Polo e Rustichello da Pisa e alla storia degli studi filologici ad essa dedicati.
Di questo contributo Giuseppe Mascherpa ha scritto i paragrafi 6.4 ("La cosiddetta «fase anteriore a F»: R, Z, L, V") e 6.8 ("Verso una nuova teoria della genesi del libro di Marco Polo")
Effects of dietary arginine supplementation on muscle structure, meat characteristics and lipid oxidation products in lambs and its potential mechanisms of action
No full textThis study aimed to assess the effect of dietary arginine supplementation on muscle structure and meat characteristics of lambs also considering lipid oxidation products and to contribute to reveal its mechanisms of action using tandem mass tagging (TMT) proteomics. Eighteen lambs were allocated to two dietary treatment groups: control diet or control diet with the addition of 1% L-arginine. The results revealed that dietary arginine supplementation increased muscle fibre diameter and cross-sectional area (P < 0.05), which was attributable to protein deposition, as evidenced by increased RNA content, RNA/DNA ratio, inhibition of apoptotic enzyme activity, and alterations in the IGF-1/Akt signaling pathway (P < 0.05). In addition, dietary arginine elevated pH24h, a* values, and IMF content, decreased shear force value and backfat thickness (P < 0.05), as well as decreased the formation of lipid oxidation products involved in meat flavor including hexanal, heptanal, octanal, nonanal and 1-octen-3-ol by increasing the antioxidant capacity of the muscle (P < 0.05). The proteomics results suggested that seven enrichment pathways may be potential mechanisms by which arginine affected the muscle structure and meat characteristics of lambs. In summary, arginine supplementation in lamb diets provides a safe and effective way to improve meat quality, and antioxidant capacity of muscle of lamb
Exploring the potential mechanisms by which feeding regimes affect muscle fibre composition and meat quality in Sunit sheep using TMT-labeled quantitative proteomic
No full textTo investigate the molecular mechanisms influencing sheep meat quality and muscle fiber characteristics under different feeding regimes, biceps femoris (BF) muscle samples were collected from a traditional grazing group (TGG) and a concentrated feeding group (CFG). The meat quality indicators, muscle fiber characteristics and proteome of sheep under different feeding regimes were studied. It was found that CFG improved growth performance and carcass traits (increased final body weight by 10.8 %, average daily gain by 30.8 %, carcass weight by 14.8 %, carcass length by 9.6 % and dressing percentage by 10.6 % respectively), reduced meat quality reducing meat quality (increased shear force by 11.6 %) in Sunit sheep, as well as reducing the proportion of oxidative muscle fibers in the BF. 82 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) were identified. Bioinformatics analysis of the DAPs revealed reduced Ca2 + release in TGG meat (PVALB and CASQ2 have higher activity), decreased activity of glycolysis-related enzymes (ALDOA, ALDOB, and ALDOC), and higher expression levels of proteins involved in oxidative muscle fiber formation (ACTB, ACTN1, TNNT1, TNNC1, MYL4 and MYL3). These findings suggest that TGG meat exhibited lower glycolysis activity and a higher proportion of oxidative muscle fibers compared to CFG meat. These findings provide a foundation for deeper comprehension of the molecular processes through which proteins regulate the quality of meat and the characteristics of muscle fibers
Toxoplasma gondii uses endocytosis as a counter defence against innate immune elimination.
No full textLyman break galaxies and the star formation rate of the Universe at z ~ 6
No full textWe determine the space density of UV-luminous starburst galaxies at z≈ 6 using deep HST ACS SDSS-i′ (F775W) and SDSS-z′ (F850LP) and VLT ISAAC J and Ks band imaging of the Chandra Deep Field South. We find eight galaxies and one star with (i′−z′) > 1.5 to a depth of z′AB= 25.6 (an 8σ detection in each of the 3 available ACS epochs). This corresponds to an unobscured star formation rate of ≈15 h−270 M⊙ yr−1 at z= 5.9, equivalent to L* for the Lyman-break population at z= 3–4 (ΩΛ= 0.7, ΩM= 0.3). We are sensitive to star-forming galaxies at 5.6 ≲z≲ 7.0 with an effective comoving volume of ≈1.8 × 105h−370 Mpc3 after accounting for incompleteness at the higher redshifts due to luminosity bias. This volume should encompass the primeval subgalactic-scale fragments of the progenitors of about a thousand L* galaxies at the current epoch. We determine a volume-averaged global star formation rate of (6.7 ± 2.7) × 10−4h70 M⊙ yr−1 Mpc−3 at z∼ 6 from rest-frame UV selected starbursts at the bright end of the luminosity function: this is a lower limit because of dust obscuration and galaxies below our sensitivity limit. This measurement shows that at z∼ 6 the star formation density at the bright end is a factor of ∼6 times less than that determined by Steidel et al. for a comparable sample of UV-selected galaxies at z= 3–4, and so extends our knowledge of the star formation history of the Universe to earlier times than previous work and into the epoch where reionization may have occurred
A diluent for prolonged motility of ocean pout (Macrozoarces americanus L.) sperm
No full textThe present study describes a new semen diluent (diluent C) which prolongs the sustained motility of ocean pout sperm, a distinguishing feature of the sperm of internally fertilizing teleosts. Sperm motilities were compared in the new diluent (C), based on the ionic composition of ocean pout seminal plasma, vs. four other semen diluents (A, B, D and E) ordinarily used for extending the semen of external fertilizers. While sperm retained motility after extension of ocean pout semen in all of these diluents, motility was significantly reduced following sperm resuspension in diluents B and D. Since sperm motility remained high in diluent C, formulated to closely mimic the composition of ocean pout seminal plasma, it was selected for additional experimentation. Negative effects were observed on sperm motility after dilution (> 1:10) of ocean pout semen with diluent C, but sperm motility could be restored by replacement of the seminal plasma. Of practical importance for storage of ocean pout sperm at 4 degrees C, it was shown that semen dilution 1:3 in diluent C preserved sperm motility beyond 5 days. Although ocean pout sperm tolerate a fairly wide range of K+ levels (0-30 mmol/l), the best motility was observed from 10-20 mmol/l [K+], similar to the ionic levels found in seminal plasma. Finally, since no change in fertility of ocean pout sperm occurred following 1:3 dilution of semen in diluent C, we conclude that diluent C is an effective medium for in vitro artificial egg insemination and prolonged motility of ocean pout sperm. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.PT: J; CR: BAYNES SM, 1981, J FISH BIOL, V19, P259 BILLARD R, 1992, J EXP ZOOL, V261, P122 BILLARD R, 1993, AQUAT LIVING RESOUR, V6, P67 CHAMBEYRON F, 1990, AQUACULTURE, V90, P345 CHAUVAUD L, 1995, ENVIRON BIOL FISH, V43, P341 COBB JLS, 1973, J FISH BIOL, V5, P587 ERDAHL AW, 1987, AQUACULTURE, V60, P311 ERDAHL AW, 1987, AQUACULTURE, V60, P323 GALLANT RK, 1993, THERIOGENOLOGY, V40, P479 GATTI JL, 1990, J CELL PHYSIOL, V143, P546 GOODALL JA, 1989, AQUACULTURE, V77, P243 OHTA H, 1996, AQUACULTURE, V142, P107 PAVLOV DA, 1994, AQUACULTURE, V122, P295 STOSS J, 1983, AQUACULTURE, V30, P229 SUQUET M, 1993, J FISH BIOL, V42, P509 WANG Z, 1997, FISH PHYSIOL BIOCHEM, V16, P77 YAO Z, 1995, MOL REPROD DEV, V42, P58 YAO Z, 1995, P 5 INT S REPR PHYS YAO ZX, 1995, AQUACULTURE, V130, P361 YAO ZX, 1995, J FISH BIOL, V47, P171; NR: 20; TC: 6; J9: AQUACULTURE; PG: 11; GA: 182MLSource type: Electronic(1
Auswirkungen der Einbringung von Buche (Fagus sylvatica L.) auf die Artendiversität und Naturnähe von Nadelholzbeständen in Niedersachsen
No full textThe promotion and extension of continuous cover mixed stands with a simultaneous reduction of conifer-monocultures play a major role in current silvicultural practices in Central Europe. It is assumed that the admixture of the natural dominant beech (Fagus sylvatica) in pure non site-specific conifer stands automatically indicates better conditions in terms of nature conservation and forest management. To test this hypothesis three different conifer-beech-comparisons of pure and mixed stands in Lower Saxony are studied, analyzing plant species diversity and naturalness of understory vegetation as one important indicator for the ecological status of forests. Each comparison includes pure coniferous stands (Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris, Pseudotsuga menziesii), mixed coniferous-beech-stands, and pure beech stands on similar acidic mineral soils where the potential natural vegetation will be an oligotrophic beech forest (L u z u l o - Fa g e t um). The age of stands varies between 50 and 150 years. To specify tree species influence on site conditions and vegetation, the study also includes light climate and soil data of the stands. It is observed that, with regard to all comparisons, the admixture of beech reduces plant species diversity but increases naturalness of the stands. The intensity of beech admixture effects differs. While in Scots pine stands the impact of admixed beech is very noticeable, with the mixed stands being nearly identical with pure beech stands, the species change in Douglas-fir and Norway spruce stands proceeds more slowly. Assuming that the status in nature conservation and forest management is improving with increasing plant species diversity and increasing naturalness, the results of this study show a contrary development on a stand scale, as the potential natural vegetation of the L u z u l o - F a g e t u m is in its self very species poor on vascular plants.Die Förderung und Ausweitung von Mischwäldern bei gleichzeitiger Reduktion reiner Nadelholz-Bestände spielt aktuell eine große Rolle im mitteleuropäischen Waldbau. Gemeinhin wird angenommen, dass die Beimischung der standortsgemäßen Buche (Fagus sylvatica) in standortsfremden Nadelholz Monokulturen die Bedingungen im Sinne des Naturschutzes und der Forstwirtschaft verbessert. Diese Hypothese wird auf der Grundlage von drei unterschiedlichen Nadelholz- Buchen-Versuchsreihen geprüft. Im Mittelpunkt steht dabei die Bodenvegetation als wichtiger und sensitiver Indikator für den ökologischen Zustand von Wäldern. Jede Versuchsreihe umfasst reine Nadelholz-Bestände (Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris, Pseudotsuga menziesii), Nadelholz-Buchen- Mischbestände und reine Buchen-Bestände auf sauren Mineralböden, auf denen von Natur aus nährstoffarme Buchenwälder (L u z u l o - Fa g e t um) vorherrschen würden. Das Alter der Bestände variiert zwischen 50 und 150 Jahren. Schwerpunkte der Analyse sind die Artenvielfalt und Naturnähe der Bodenvegetation. Um den Einfluss der Baumarten auf den Standort und die Vegetation zu bewerten, werden die Licht- und Bodenverhältnisse der Bestände charakterisiert. Es zeigt sich, dass mit der Beimischung der Buche in allen Versuchsreihen die Pflanzenartenvielfalt abnimmt und die Naturnähe zunimmt. Unterschiedlich ist dabei die Intensität der Veränderungen. Zwischen den Kiefern-Buchen-Mischbeständen und den Kiefern-Reinbeständen bestehen sehr deutliche Unterschiede im Aufbau der Bodenvegetation, so dass die Mischbestände den Buchen-Reinbeständen bereits sehr ähnlich sind. In den Douglasien- und Fichten-Versuchsreihen vollzieht sich der Artenwechsel vergleichsweise unauffällig und kontinuierlich. Wenn man davon ausgeht, dass der naturschutzfachliche und waldbauliche Status sich sowohl mit zunehmender Phytodiversität als auch bei zunehmender Naturnähe verbessert, so zeigen diese Ergebnisse auf Bestandesebene eine gegenläufige Entwicklung, da das in der Region der potenziell natürlichen Vegetation entsprechende L u z u l o - Fa g e tum von Natur aus sehr artenarm an Gefäßpflanzen ist
The Benefits of Being Economics Professor A (and not Z)
No full textAlphabetic name ordering on multi-authored academic papers, which is the convention in the economics discipline and various other disciplines, is to the advantage of people whose last name initials are placed early in the alphabet. As it turns out, Professor A, who has been a first author more often than Professor Z, will have published more articles and experienced afaster growth rate over the course of her career as a result of reputation and visibility. Moreover, authors know that name ordering matters and indeed take ordering seriously: Several characteristics of an author group composition determine the decision to deviate from the default alphabetic name order to a significant extent.performance measurement, incentives, economists, name ordering
Logarithmic variance profiles and the corresponding f-1 spectra of temperature fluctuations in turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection
No full textWe report experimental results for the temperature variance 2(z) and the corresponding frequency spectra P(f) in turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection (RBC) in a cylindrical sample of aspect ratioT= D/L = 1:00 (D = 1:12 m is the diameter and L = 1:12 m the height). The measurements were conducted in the Rayleigh-number range 1011 < Ra < 1:35 1014 and Pr ' 0:8. For Ra = 1:35x1014, 2(z) could be described well by a logarithmic dependence on the vertical position z in a range of z 1 < z < z 2 with z 1 ' 70 and z 2 = 0:1L. Here L=(2Nu) is the thickness of a thin thermal sublayer adjacent to the horizontal plate where the heat flux (denoted by the Nusselt number Nu) is carried mostly by thermal diffusion. In the log layer, we found that the temperature spectra had a significant frequency range over which P(f) f with close to 1. As Ra decreased, increased so that the log layer became thinner. At Ra = 2:05 1011, z 2 < z 1 and therefore there was no range for a log layer. Correspondingly, the temperature spectrum near the horizontal plate did not have the f1 scaling form either
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