130,435 research outputs found
p53 accumulation following cytokinesis failure in the absence of caspase-2
No full textData source: Electronic supplementary material, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41418-018-0161-0Abstract not availableYoon Lim, Dylan De Bellis, Loretta Dorstyn, Sharad Kuma
Psychosocial outcomes of telephone-based counseling for adults with an acquired physical disability: A meta-analysis
No full textBackground: The delivery of mental health services by telephone, referred to as telecounseling, has the potential to improve the health outcomes of adults with an acquired physical disability in a cost-effective way. However, the efficacy of this form of treatment requires further evaluation before it is used on a larger scale. Aim: This meta-analysis provides a critical and quantitative evaluation of the impact of telephone-administered psychological interventions on the psychosocial functioning of adults with an acquired physical disability caused by spinal cord injury, limb amputation, severe burn injury, stroke, or multiple sclerosis. Method: A comprehensive search of eight electronic databases identified eight studies (N = 658 participants) that compared treatment efficacy to that of matched control groups. Differences in the psychosocial outcomes of treatment and control participants were examined using Cohen's d effect sizes. Fail-safe Ns and 95% confidence intervals were used to evaluate the significance of these results. Results: Significant improvements in coping skills and strategies (overall d = 0.57), community integration (overall d = 0.45), and depression (overall d = 0.44) were observed immediately after telecounseling, with modest improvements in quality of life maintained at 12 months post-intervention (overall d = 0.37). Conclusions: The results suggest that telecounseling is an effective treatment modality for adults adjusting to a physical disability; however, further trials are needed to establish the long term psychosocial benefits.D. S. Dorstyn, J. L. Mathias and L. A. Denso
Design of a Telehealth Hybrid Framework for adaptation in workers' compensation environments for injured workers. Phase 1: Review of existing evidence around telehealth use and satisfaction. Final Report
No full textDiana Dorstyn, Steve Whetton, Anna Chur-Hansen, Ella Mansel, Suraya Abdul Hali
Web-based interventions for comorbid depression and chronic illness: a systematic review
No full textWeb-based interventions offer potential benefits for managing and treating depression in the context of chronic physical illness, however their use with this population has yet to be quantitatively assessed. The present systematic review examined the biopsychosocial data from 11 independent studies (N ¼ 1348 participants), including randomised controlled and quasi-experimental designs most commonly performed with diabetes and multiple sclerosis. Study quality was evaluated using the Downs and Black (1998) index, with most studies being statistically underpowered although internal validity was demonstrated. Treatment outcomes were quantified using Cohen’s d effect sizes. Results indicated significant short-term improvements in depression severity (d w ¼ 0.36, CI ¼ 0.20-0.52, p < 0.01), in addition to quality of life, problem-solving skills, functional ability, anxiety and pain-related cognitions (d range ¼ 0.23 to 1.10). Longer-term outcomes could not be determined based on the limited data. Further robust studies are required before wider adoption of web techniques takes place.Ekaterina Charova, Diana Dorstyn, Phillip Tully, and Oskar Mitta
Psychosocial correlates of college students’ help-seeking intention: A meta-analysis
No full textData source: Supplementary material, http://supp.apa.org/psycarticles/supplemental/a0037118/PRO-PRO3-Li20130314-RR-F1.docAssociations between psychosocial variables and help-seeking intention among college students have often been examined, with inconclusive and sometimes conflicting findings. To consolidate the available research, data from 18 eligible studies comprising a total of 6,839 participants were pooled and meta-analyzed. Attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help and anticipated utility demonstrated the strongest correlations with help-seeking intention. Practice implications are discussed, including the importance of psychoeducation on the effectiveness of evidence-based intervention to motivate professional help-seeking.Li, Wenjing; Dorstyn, Diana S.; Denson, Linley A
Applications of telecounselling in spinal cord injury rehabilitation: a systematic review with effect sizes
No full textOBJECTIVE: To investigate the short- and medium-term efficacy of counselling services provided remotely by telephone, video or internet, in managing mental health outcomes following spinal cord injury. Data sources: A search of electronic databases, critical reviews and published meta-analyses was conducted. REVIEW METHODS: Seven independent studies (N = 272 participants) met the inclusion criteria. The majority of these studies utilized telephone-based counselling, with limited research examining psychological interventions delivered by videoconferencing (Nstudy = 1) or online (Nstudy = 1). RESULTS: There is some evidence that telecounselling can significantly improve an individual’s management of common comorbidities following spinal cord injury, including pain and sleep difficulties (d = 0.45). Medium-term treatment effects were difficult to evaluate, with very few studies providing these data, although participants have reported gains in quality of life 12 months after treatment (d = 0.88). The main clinical advantages are time efficiency and consumer satisfaction. CONCLUSION: The results highlight the need for further evidence, particularly randomized controlled trials, to establish the benefits and clinical viability of telecounselling.Diana Dorstyn, Jane Mathias and Linley Denso
Efficacy of cognitive behavior therapy for the management of psychological outcomes following spinal cord injury : A meta analysis
No full textThis meta-analysis evaluated the impact of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) on the psychological adjustment of adults with spinal cord injury (SCI). A comprehensive search of six electronic databases identified 10 studies (424 participants) that met the inclusion criteria. Pre- and post-data for participants who received CBT were pooled and analyzed. Large and significant group differences were noted for measures of assertiveness, coping, self-efficacy, depression and quality of life. These data suggest that CBT has a significant positive impact on short-term psychological outcomes following SCI. However, further research is needed to establish the long-term benefitsDiana Dorstyn, Jane Mathias and Linley Denso
A systematic review of telecounselling and its effectiveness in managing depression amongst minority ethnic communities
No full textTelecounselling – the provision of counselling services by telephone, videoconferencing or Internet media – can assist with disparities in the treatment and management of depression for minority ethnic groups. We therefore reviewed the evidence examining the effectiveness of telecounselling for this population. This involved a search of electronic databases, the grey literature and two peer-reviewed journals. Study quality was examined using the Oxford Centre for Evidence Based Medicine guidelines. Cohen’s d effect sizes were additionally calculated for between-study comparisons. The final sample comprised eight independent studies, with a total of 498 adults of Asian, African-American or Spanish origin. None of the studies met the criteria for the highest methodological rating (Level 1) and there were five studies at Level 2. Significant short-term treatment effects were associated with telephone- and Internet-mediated services, including moderate to large improvements across measures of depression, anxiety, quality of life and psychosocial functioning reported. Longer-term treatment effects were also reported, although these results were based on very limited data. The results highlight the need for additional rigorous research to determine the clinical efficacy of telecounselling as a treatment option for depression among minority communities.Diana S Dorstyn, Arthur Saniotis and Farah Sobhania
New insights into apoptosome structure and function
No full textThe apoptosome is a platform that activates apical procaspases in response to intrinsic cell death signals. Biochemical and structural studies in the past two decades have extended our understanding of apoptosome composition and structure, while illuminating the requirements for initiator procaspase activation. A number of studies have now provided high-resolution structures for apoptosomes from C. elegans (CED-4), D. melanogaster (Dark), and H. sapiens (Apaf-1), which define critical protein interfaces, including intra and interdomain interactions. This work also reveals interactions of apoptosomes with their respective initiator caspases, CED-3, Dronc and procaspase-9. Structures of the human apoptosome have defined the requirements for cytochrome c binding, which triggers the conversion of inactive Apaf-1 molecules to an extended, assembly competent state. While recent data have provided a detailed understanding of apoptosome formation and procaspase activation, they also highlight important evolutionary differences with functional implications for caspase activation.Loretta Dorstyn, Christopher W. Akey, Sharad Kuma
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
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