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Taxonomic notes on Hydroidomedusae (Cnidaria) from South China Sea II: Family Bythotiaridae (Anthomedusae)
No full textZhenzu Xu, Jiaqi Huang, Mao Lin, Donghui Guo, Chunguang Wang (2016): Taxonomic notes on Hydroidomedusae (Cnidaria) from South China Sea II: Family Bythotiaridae (Anthomedusae). Zoological Systematics 41 (2): 149-157, DOI: 10.11865/zs.201601
Figures 1–6. Bythotiaridae spp. 1–3, 5–6. Bythotiara depressa Naumov, 1960. 4 in Taxonomic notes on Hydroidomedusae (Cnidaria) from South China Sea II: Family Bythotiaridae (Anthomedusae)
No full textFigures 1–6. Bythotiaridae spp. 1–3, 5–6. Bythotiara depressa Naumov, 1960. 4. Protiaropsis anonyma (after Brinckmann-Voss & Arai, 1998). 1. Mature medusa, side-view, bell 20 mm in height (after Naumov, 1960). 2. Adult, margin and tentacle tip (after Brinckmann-Voss & Arai, 1998). 3. Juvenile (after Brinckmann-Voss & Arai, 1998). 5. Side-view. 6. Mouth and gonads, oral view. Scale bars = 3.0 mm.Published as part of Zhenzu Xu, Jiaqi Huang, Mao Lin, Donghui Guo & Chunguang Wang, 2016, Taxonomic notes on Hydroidomedusae (Cnidaria) from South China Sea II: Family Bythotiaridae (Anthomedusae), pp. 149-157 in Zoological Systematics 41 (2) on page 151, DOI: 10.11865/zs.2016013, http://zenodo.org/record/27028
Eumedusa Bigelow, 1920 New
No full textEumedusa Bigelow, 1920 New record to China Eumedusa n. g. Bigelow, 1920: 7; Kramp, 1961: 122; Bouillon et al., 2006: 180. Type species: Eumedusa birulai (Linko, 1913). Diagnosis. Medusa with 4 unbranched radial canals and 4 or more centripetal canals arising from circular canal; gonads folded; tentacles of two kinds, large hollow ones with terminal knob, small ones without terminal knob; no ocelli.Published as part of Zhenzu Xu, Jiaqi Huang, Mao Lin, Donghui Guo & Chunguang Wang, 2016, Taxonomic notes on Hydroidomedusae (Cnidaria) from South China Sea II: Family Bythotiaridae (Anthomedusae), pp. 149-157 in Zoological Systematics 41 (2) on page 152, DOI: 10.11865/zs.2016013, http://zenodo.org/record/27028
Figures 4–9. Eucodonium spp. 4–6. E in Taxonomic notes on Hydroidomedusae (Cnidaria) from South China Sea I: Family Eucodoniidae (Anthomedusae)
No full textFigures 4–9. Eucodonium spp. 4–6. E. bitentaculatum Xu, Huang & Guo, sp. nov. 7–8. E. brevistyle Xu, Huang & Lin, sp. nov. 9. E. longitentaculatum Xu, Huang & Wang, sp. nov. 4, 7, 9. Lateral view. 5, 8. Gonads, dorsal view. 6. Gonads, lateral view. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.Published as part of Mao Lin, Zhenzu Xu, Jiaqi Huang, Donghui Guo & Chunguang Wang, 2016, Taxonomic notes on Hydroidomedusae (Cnidaria) from South China Sea I: Family Eucodoniidae (Anthomedusae), pp. 48-53 in Zoological Systematics 41 (1) on page 51, DOI: 10.11865/zs.201602, http://zenodo.org/record/26925
Protiaropsis pedunculata Xu, Huang & Guo, sp. nov.
No full textProtiaropsis pedunculata Xu, Huang & Guo, sp. nov. (Figs 8, 11– 12) Material examined. Holotype (TIO 015), East China Sea, station DF083 (27 ° 37 ’N, 123 ° 41 ’E), depth 103 m, 24 July 2009, coll. Donghui Guo. Diagnosis. Umbrella bell-shaped with scattered nematocyst clusters on exumbrella; manubrium on short and broad gastric peduncle; with 4 large, interradial gonads, no transverse folds. Description. Umbrella bell-shaped, 1.0 mm in height, 0.8 mm in width, with rounded summit without marked apical process, jelly uniformly thick, with scattered cnidocysts on exumbrella; manubrium cylindrical, mounted upon the distal end of the short and broad gastric peduncle, about 1 / 2 length of bell cavity; with wide quadratic mouth and slightly flared lips; with 4 large gonads, one covering each interradial wall of manubrium, no transverse folds; with 4 simple radial canals and circular canal; no centripetal canals; 4 perradial and 4 interradial hollow primary marginal tentacles, without base swelling, but their basal part adnate to exumbrella, sunk into a narrow fissure between two marginal lobes, each tentacle with a terminal knob; no secondary tentacles; without ocelli; velum narrow. Distribution. East China Sea. Etymology. The specific name is from the Latin pedunculata, meaning peduncle, referring to the manubrium with gastric peduncle. Remarks. The new species can be easily distinguished from the other species of Protiaropsis by: 1) manubrium mounted upon the distal end of the short and broad gastric peduncle; 2) exumbrella with scattered cnidocyst clusters; 3) with 4 large gonads, covering each interradial wall of manubrium, no transverse folds (see the key of Protiaropsis).Published as part of Zhenzu Xu, Jiaqi Huang, Mao Lin, Donghui Guo & Chunguang Wang, 2016, Taxonomic notes on Hydroidomedusae (Cnidaria) from South China Sea II: Family Bythotiaridae (Anthomedusae), pp. 149-157 in Zoological Systematics 41 (2) on pages 153-154, DOI: 10.11865/zs.2016013, http://zenodo.org/record/27028
Eucodonium brevistyle
No full textEucodonium brevistyle Xu, Huang & Lin, sp. nov. (Figs 2, 7–8) Material examined. Holotype (TIO 009), Beibu Bay of South China Sea, Station H 11 (18 ° 17 'N, 109 °06'E), depth 20 m, 6 August 2006, coll. Donghui Guo. Paratype. Three specimens (TIO 010–012), same data as holotype; two specimens (TIO 020–021), East China Sea, Station 332 and 338, August 2002. Diagnosis. Unbrella nearly hemisphaerical, with slight rounded apical projection; gastric peduncle short and broad, shorter than the length of manubrium, manubrium cylindrical, oral tube short, about 1/2 length of manubrium, mouth quadrangular, with 4 inconspicuous perradial lips, each containing a row of numerous nematocysts; 2 opposite perradial marginal tentacles, short and thin, with ring nematocysts and a small terminal knob, marginal bulbs spherical-like, inside swelling, without ocelli, but containing red-brown pigment granules, and other 2 opposite marginal bulbs without tentacles. Description. Umbrella nearly hemisphaerical, bell 0.9–1.0 mm in height, 0.4–0.8 mm in width, with slight rounded apical projection; jelly fairly thin; gastric peduncle very short and broad, shorter than the length of manubrium; manubrium large on broad gastric peduncle, oral tube short, about 1/2 of the length of manubrium; manubrium cylindrical, about 1/3 as long as bell cavity; mouth quadrangular, with 4 inconspicuous perradial lips, each containing a row of numerous nematocysts; medusa buds arise from interradial region of stomach; 4 very narrow radial canals and circular canal present; 2 opposite perradial marginal tentacles, short and thin, thread-like, extending to 1/3 the height of umbrella, with ring nematocysts and a small terminal knob containing nematocysts; marginal bulbs spherical-like, inside swelling, without ocelli, but containing red-brown pigment granules, and other 2 opposite perradial marginal bulbs without tentacles; velum narrow. Distribution. Northern South China Sea (Beibu Bay), East China Sea. Etymology. The specific name is from the Latin brevistyle, meaning brevi-style, referring to the short peduncle, which is shorter than the length of manubrium. Remarks. This new species is close to E. bitentaculatum Xu, Huang & Guo, sp. nov., but differs from the latter by following: 1) a gastric peduncle shorter than the length of the manubrium; 2) two opposite perradial marginal tentacles short and thin, thread like, terminal knob without terminates in a thin fibrous appendage; 3) oral tube short, about 1/2 length of manubrium.Published as part of Mao Lin, Zhenzu Xu, Jiaqi Huang, Donghui Guo & Chunguang Wang, 2016, Taxonomic notes on Hydroidomedusae (Cnidaria) from South China Sea I: Family Eucodoniidae (Anthomedusae), pp. 48-53 in Zoological Systematics 41 (1) on pages 51-52, DOI: 10.11865/zs.201602, http://zenodo.org/record/26925
Eucodonium longitentaculatum
No full textEucodonium longitentaculatum Xu, Huang & Wang, sp. nov. (Figs 3, 9) Material examined. Holotype (TIO 013), Beibu Bay of South China Sea, station J 67 (18 ° 21 'N, 108 ° 40 'E), depth 32m, 31 July 2006, coll. Donghui Guo. Diagnosis. Umbrella with low, rounded apical process; gastric peduncle short and broad, shorter than the length of manubrium; oral tube short; mouth with 4 inconspicuous perradial lips, each containing a group of nematocysts; two opposite perradial tentacles, very long and thin, length up to 3 times bell height, with numerous prominent brown spots at irregular intervals. Description. Medusa with bell-shaped umbrella, 1 mm in height, 0.8 mm in width, with low and rounded apical process, lateral walls thin; manubrium on well-formed peduncle, gastric peduncle short and broad, shorter than the length of manubrium, oral tube short, inconspicuous; manubrium length 3/4 of bell cavity, cylindrical, mouth quadrangular with 4 inconspicuous perradial lips, each containing a group of nematocysts; medusa buds arise from middle region of stomach; 4 narrow radial canals and circular canal present; two opposite perradial marginal bulbs containing blackish brown pigment granules, with two very long and thin tentacles, length up to 3 times bell height, with numerous prominent brown spots at irregular intervals and with a distinct terminal knob, two other opposite marginal bulbs no present; no ocelli present; velum narrow. Distribution. Beibu Bay of South China Sea. Etymology. The specific name is from the Latin longitentaculatum, meaning long-tentacles, referring to the morphology of the tentacles, which are very long and thin tentacles. Remarks. The new species can be distinguished from the other species of Eucodonium by: 1) two very long and thin tentacles, length up to 3 times bell height, with numerous brown spots at irregular intervals; 2) gastric peduncle short and broad; 3) oral tube inconspicuous; 4) 4 inconspicuous perradial lips, each containing a group of nematocysts. Funding This study was supported by Global Climate Change and Ocean Atmosphere Interaction Research (GASI-01- 02-02-03, GASI-01-02-04, GASI-01-02-02-01), the Marine Biological Sample Museum of the Chinese Offshore Investigation and Assessment, and the National Basic Research Program of China (2011CB403604).Published as part of Mao Lin, Zhenzu Xu, Jiaqi Huang, Donghui Guo & Chunguang Wang, 2016, Taxonomic notes on Hydroidomedusae (Cnidaria) from South China Sea I: Family Eucodoniidae (Anthomedusae), pp. 48-53 in Zoological Systematics 41 (1) on page 52, DOI: 10.11865/zs.201602, http://zenodo.org/record/26925
Bythotiaridae
No full textKey to the genera of Bythotiaridae medusae of South China Sea. 1. Centripetal canals present, blindly ending or joining base of manubrium............................................................................................ 2 Without centripetal canals.................................................................................................................................................................... 3 2. All tentacles hollow; cnidocysts only in the terminal knob........................................................................... Calycopsis Fewkes, 1882 Two kinds of tentacles, large, hollow, with rings of cnidocysts and a terminal knob, and small, solid dwarf tentacles without terminal knob................................................................................................................................................ Eumedusa Bigelow, 1920 3. Radial canals simple, unbranched........................................................................................................................................................ 4 Radial canals branched; gonads folded or smooth............................................................................................................................... 6 4. Gonads smooth adradial............................................................................................................................ Pseudotiara Bouillon, 1980 Gonads smooth interradial................................................................................................................................................................... 5 5. 8 radial canals; marginal tentacles with abaxial basal ocelli........................................................................... Bythocellata Nair, 1951 4 radial canals; no ocelli............................................................................................................................. Protiaropsis Stechow, 1919 6. Radial canals branching repeatedly at various levels........................................................................................... Sibogita Maas, 1905 Radial canals simple or bifurcated....................................................................................................................................................... 7 7. 4 radial canals simple or bifurcated; gonads interradial, with transverse furrows; marginal bulbs absent..... Bythotira Günther, 1903 2 simple and 2 bifurcated radial canals; gonads smooth perradial; marginal tentacles with basal swellings embedded in mesoglea......................................................................................................................................................... Gymnogonium Xu & Huang, 1994Published as part of Zhenzu Xu, Jiaqi Huang, Mao Lin, Donghui Guo & Chunguang Wang, 2016, Taxonomic notes on Hydroidomedusae (Cnidaria) from South China Sea II: Family Bythotiaridae (Anthomedusae), pp. 149-157 in Zoological Systematics 41 (2) on page 151, DOI: 10.11865/zs.2016013, http://zenodo.org/record/27028
Protiaropsis Stechow 1919
No full textProtiaropsis Stechow, 1919 Protiaropsis Stechow, 1919: 150; Schuchert, 2010: 338. Heterotiara Maas, 1905: 19; Mayer, 1910: 107; Bigelow, 1919: 287; Kramp, 1961: 122; Bouillon et al., 2006: 180. Type species: Protiaropsis anonyma (Maas, 1905). Diagnosis. Medusae with 4 simple radial canals; no centripetal canals; gonads interradial, no transverse folds; no secondary tentacles; no ocelli. Remarks. This homonymic genus Heterotiara was proposed by Maas (1905), with the type species Heterotiara anonyma Maas, 1905 from the Malay Archipelago. Only two imperfect specimens were found by Maas (1905) during the Siboga Expedition. It was recorded in the eastern Pacific, northwest Pacific and western Atlantic by Bigelow (1909, 1913, 1918) and Vanhöffen (1911, based on one anonyma and four minor specimens, from the “Valdivia” collection). Then Stechow (1919) founded Protiaropsis to replace Heteratiara Maas, 1905, non Heterotiara Pomel, 1883 (Echinodermata (fossil)). However, the invalid name Heterotiara Maas, 1905 was still extensively used (Kramp, 1961; Bouillon et al., 2006; Xu et al., 2012). Until the 2010 s, Schuchert (2010) renewed the valid status of Protiaropsis Stechow, 1919. The present collection contains five specimens of the genus, one example of a new species, pedunculata sp. nov., from the East China Sea, and four examples of a new species, tetranema sp. nov., from South China Sea.Published as part of Zhenzu Xu, Jiaqi Huang, Mao Lin, Donghui Guo & Chunguang Wang, 2016, Taxonomic notes on Hydroidomedusae (Cnidaria) from South China Sea II: Family Bythotiaridae (Anthomedusae), pp. 149-157 in Zoological Systematics 41 (2) on page 153, DOI: 10.11865/zs.2016013, http://zenodo.org/record/27028
Bythotiaridae Maas 1905
No full textBythotiaridae Maas, 1905 Bythotiaridae Bouillon et al., 2006: 178; Schuchert, 2009: 442. Bythotiaridi Mayer, 1910: 183. Diagnosis. Medusae without apical projection, marginal bulbs very indistinct or absent; four, eight or more hollow marginal tentacles, each terminating in a large swelling covered by nematocysts, basal portion of tentacles usually adnate to exumbella; with or without rudimentary or dwarf solid tentacles; four or eight radial canals, simple or branching, with or without centripetal canals growing from circular canal towards centre; with or without gastric peduncle; mouth with four simple or crenulated lips; gonads on manubrium wall, simple or horizontally folded, adradial or interradial; rarely abaxial ocelli on tentacle bases. Remarks. Bouillon et al. (2006) provided more details and a key to all genera. The subdivision of the family in genera is not well resolved and progress is hampered by the fact that many polyp stages of this family remain unknown. The distinction between Protiaropsis anonyma Maas, 1905 and Bythotiara depressa Naumov, 1960 is clarified. The family name Bythotiaridae Maas, 1905 has priority over Calycopsidae Hartlaub, 1913 (Brinckmann-Voss & Arai, 1998).Published as part of Zhenzu Xu, Jiaqi Huang, Mao Lin, Donghui Guo & Chunguang Wang, 2016, Taxonomic notes on Hydroidomedusae (Cnidaria) from South China Sea II: Family Bythotiaridae (Anthomedusae), pp. 149-157 in Zoological Systematics 41 (2) on pages 150-151, DOI: 10.11865/zs.2016013, http://zenodo.org/record/27028
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