1,602 research outputs found
sj-docx-1-jct-10.1177_23800844211056241 – Supplemental material for Resource Allocation in a National Dental Service Using Program Budgeting Marginal Analysis
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-jct-10.1177_23800844211056241 for Resource Allocation in a National Dental Service Using Program Budgeting Marginal Analysis by C.R. Vernazza, K. Carr, R.D. Holmes, J. Wildman, J. Gray, C. Exley, R.A. Smith and C. Donaldson in JDR Clinical & Translational Research</p
La politica della legalità : il ruolo del giurista nell'età contemporanea
No full textAs the author of this book shows as he tests his theses, impartiality and justice require specific and scrupulous forms of civil engagement which render obsolete the traditional call for neutrality. At the same time, citizens must be made to understand how formal features of law that usually evoke their hostility actually guarantee their rights. The legal professional must learn to be a "relativist", obliged - through his choices - to establish priorities among distinct and often irreconcilable value domains
Cercando di dimenticare Savigny
No full textIl presente scritto è un contributo alla discussione del libro di Aurelio Gentili, Il
diritto come discorso del 2013. Del predetto volume si approvano senza riserve
a) la critica alla concezione del vecchio positivismo, secondo il quale il giurista
non farebbe altro che esplorare un misterioso oggetto denominato “realtà
giuridica”, e b) l’interesse per le tecniche argomentative quali strumenti di
controllo interno dei discorsi. Sul piano propositivo, l’autore della recensione
ammette che la conoscenza dei significati normativi letterali, quando la si
ritiene rilevante, comporta a livello collettivo (ma assai meno al livello dei
singoli) un giudizio partecipante. Tali significati, del resto, lungi dall’essere
entità fisse, sono sempre in movimento. Ciò stabilito e con questi limiti,
occorre ammettere che non c’è solo un ordo ordinans imposto dai giuristi sui
confusi materiali estratti dalle fonti, ma si può scorgere, e si deve ritrovare,
anche un ordo ordinatus, frutto tanto dell’attività legislativa quanto delle precedenti interpretazioni, che il singolo interprete non può far a meno di
riconoscere. Insomma: tra i due ordini, fra le attività dei giuristi e i prodotti di
tali attività, si stabilisce un rapporto dialettico.This article is a contribution to the discussion regarding Aurelio Gentili’s 2013
book Il diritto come discorso. From the said volume, the author fully approves:
a) the criticism of the old positivism’s conception that a lawyer does nothing
but explore the misterious object that is “legal reality”, and b) the interest in
argumentative techniques as instruments for internal control of discourses. The
author of this article proposes admitting that the knowledge of literal normative
meanings, when believed to be relevant, requires at the level of the collective
(much less so at the individual level) a judgment, which demonstrates
participation. These meanings are, moreover, far from being fixed entities,
always changing. Within these limits, it should be admitted that there is not
only an ordo ordinans, made by the jurists, using the confused materials
extracted from the sources, but that we may also observe, and must rediscover,
an ordo ordinatus, which results from both legislative activity and previous
interpretations – that an individual interpreter cannot but recognize. In short, a
dialectic relationship between the two orders, between the activity of lawyers
and the products of these activities, is thus established
Exact two-dimensionalization of low-magnetic-Reynolds-number flows subject to a strong magnetic field
No full textWe investigate the behavior of flows, including turbulent flows, driven by a horizontal body-force and subject to a vertical magnetic field, with the following question in mind: for very strong applied magnetic field, is the flow mostly two-dimensional, with remaining weak three-dimensional fluctuations, or does it become exactly 2D, with no dependence along the vertical? We restrict attention to low-magnetic-Reynolds number (Rm) flow. Because liquid metals have low magnetic Prandtl number, such low- flows can have a kinetic Reynolds number as large as one million and therefore be strongly turbulent. We first focus on the quasi-static approximation, i.e. the asymptotic limit of vanishing magnetic Reynolds number Rm << 1: we prove that the flow becomes exactly 2D asymptotically in time, regardless of the initial condition and provided the interaction parameter N is larger than a threshold value. We call this property absolute two-dimensionalization: the attractor of the system is necessarily a (possibly turbulent) 2D flow. We then consider the full-magnetohydrodynamic equations and we prove that, for low enough Rm and large enough N, the flow becomes exactly two-dimensional in the long-time limit provided the initial vertically-dependent perturbations are infinitesimal. We call this phenomenon linear two-dimensionalization: the (possibly turbulent) 2D flow is an attractor of the dynamics, but it is not necessarily the only attractor of the system. Some 3D attractors may also exist and be attained for strong enough initial 3D perturbations. These results shed some light on the existence of a dissipative anomaly for magnetohydrodynamic flows subject to a strong external magnetic field
Letter from Lee C.R. Baker, Reference Assistant to Michi Weglyn, September 25, 1974
No full textThis letter refers to a thesis written by Warren Page Rucker in 1970 entitled, "United States--Peruvian Policy Toward Peruvian-Japanese Persons During World War II." Baker explains that Weglyn can purchase a copy of the thesis if she so desires.Collection of notes, articles, correspondence, photographs, and term papers collected by Yukio Mochizuki, a student at CSU Dominguez Hills, while researching Japanese American incarceration and Japanese Peruvian internment during World War II
Flow instabilities and reversals in non-uniformly thermocapillary driven melt pool
No full textWith transient LES and DNS simulations, we investigate flow in melt pools driven by thermocapillary forces. The developing pool is at first axisymmetric as are the boundary conditions, but flow instabilities arise that lead to 3D oscillatory flow patterns. At higher laser powers a sign-change in the surface tension temperature coefficient occurs, resulting in a flow reversal in the pool and thus two counter-rotating vortices, which exhibit similar though more complex flow instabilities
Wall to wall optimal transport
No full textThe calculus of variations is employed to find steady divergence-free velocity fields that maximize transport of a tracer between two parallel walls held at fixed concentration for one of two constraints on flow strength: a fixed value of the kinetic energy or a fixed value of the enstrophy (the mean square rate of strain in this situation). The optimizing flows realize upper limits on convective transport in this scenario. We interpret the results in the context of buoyancy-driven Rayleigh–Bénard convection problems that satisfy the flow intensity constraints, enabling us to investigate how optimal transport scalings compare with upper bounds on Nu expressed as a function of the Rayleigh number Ra
Holding on to What is Most Precious: Ohio Juvenile Law after In re C.R.
No full textThis article will endeavor to show that the Ohio Supreme Court’s ruling in In re C.R. makes it too difficult for parents to retain custody of their own children. By exploring United States Supreme Court precedent, it will be shown that the rule emerging from In re C.R. does not pass procedural due process muster. It will also be shown that the Ohio Supreme Court disregarded its own precedent and in doing so, created a rule that undermines the policies of its own juvenile law system. By providing the rudiments of juvenile jurisprudence, the facts and decision of In re C.R., and an analysis that shows the Ohio Supreme Courts’ oversights and errors in its decision, the author hopes to persuade Ohio lawmakers to reevaluate the way that juvenile court custody cases should be conducted in the future
Paying for treatments? Influences on negotiating clinical need and decision-making for dental implant treatment
No full textBackground: the aim of this study is to examine how clinicians and patients negotiate clinical need and treatment decisions within a context of finite resources. Dental implant treatment is an effective treatment for missing teeth, but is only available via the NHS in some specific clinical circumstances. The majority of people who receive this treatment therefore pay privately, often at substantial cost to themselves. People are used to paying towards dental treatment costs. However, dental implant treatment is much more expensive than existing treatments – such as removable dentures. We know very little about how dentists make decisions about whether to offer such treatments, or what patients consider when deciding whether or not to pay for them.Methods/Design: mixed methods will be employed to provide insight and understanding into how clinical need is determined, and what influences people's decision making processes when deciding whether or not to pursue a dental implant treatment. Phase 1 will use a structured scoping questionnaire with all the General dental practitioners (GDPs) in three Primary Care Trust areas (n = 300) to provide base-line data about existing practice in relation to dental implant treatment, and to provide data to develop a systematic sampling procedure for Phase 2. Phases 2 (GDPs) and 3 (patients) use qualitative focused one to one interviews with a sample of these practitioners (up to 30) and their patients (up to 60) to examine their views and experiences of decision making in relation to dental implant treatment. Purposive sampling for phases 2 and 3 will be carried out to ensure participants represent a range of socio-economic circumstances, and choices made.Discussion: most dental implant treatment is conducted in primary care. Very little information was available prior to this study about the quantity and type of treatment carried out privately. It became apparent during phase 2 that ISOD treatment was an unusual treatment in primary care. We thus extended our sample criteria for Phase 3 to include people who had had other implant supported restorations, although not single tooth replacement
A study of tin oxides in silicate based glasses
No full textThe roles of tin in two silicate based glass systems have been investigated by
NMR and Môssbauer spectroscopies and by physical property measurements of the
glasses.
The first glass system investigated was the stannous silicate (binary SnO-Si02)
glass. Glasses with SnO contents ranging from 17 to 72 mol.% have been made by
melting pelleted powder in an alumina crucible. It was found that alumina crucibles are
unsuitable for making glass with <20 mol.% SnO because of attack on the crucible at the
high melting temperature (_>_1600°C). Silica crucibles will not withstand such high
temperature and tin will attack a platinum crucible. The ability of this system to form glass
past the orthosilicate composition has been discussed in terms of the polarizing power of
Sn2+ and the structure of SnO. The 119Sn NMR results did not give much structural
information due to the high chemical shift anisotropy of Sn 2+ site but they showed that
the glass also contains trace amounts of Sn4+species. The 29Si MAS NMR results
showed that SnO does not depolymerise the silicate network to the same extent as Na20
or even Pb0. Computer simulations of the 29 Si MAS NMR spectra showed that, for SnO
<-30 mol.%, the disposition of Qn species is consistent with the binary model, which
means that SnO is acting the role of modifier. For compositions > 30 mol.% SnO, the Qn
distribution follows the statistical model and this has been interpreted as SnO now acting
as an intermediate. The 119Sn MOssbauer results confirmed this interpretation. The Sn2+
isomer shift decreases with increase of SnO which is indicative of increasing covalent
character of the Sn—O bonds while the larger quadrupole splitting suggests distortion of
the SnO polyhedral structure in the glass. The relation of the Sn 2+ isomer shift to the
quadrupole splitting and the temperature dependence of the isomer shift of Sn2+ indicate
the formation of Si—O—Sn linkages at high SnO contents. The decrease of the viscosity
of the glass with increasing SnO is small when compared to the decrease of the viscosity
in alkali metal and alkaline-earth oxides silicates when the respective modifier oxide is
increased in those glasses. The variation of the density, thermal expansion and refractive
index with SnO content showed discontinuities in the region of 30-45 mol.% SnO. This
has been interpreted as being the point where SnO changes its role from that of modifier
to intermediate.
The results of differential thermal analysis and devitrification of SnO-Si02 glasses
showed that glass with 40 mol.% SnO can be heat treated in the temperature range of
570° to 680 °C to produce metastable SnSiO3 crystals. SnSiO 3 decomposed to
SnO + Si02 at temperatures above —700°C and, at temperatures greater than 720°C,
oxidation of SnO to Sn02 and Si02(glass) to Si02 (cristobalite) took place.
The second glass system is tin-doped float glass. This is glass of the float
composition remelted with tin(II) oxalate in silica crucibles under normal atmosphere
conditions. In this way it has been demonstrated that we can mimic the tin oxide
distribution found within the tin diffusion region in float glass. Synthesis of the glass has
shown that both Sn2+ and SO+ can be assimilated simultaneously in the glass but there is
a solubility limit for SO+. The 1195n Mbssbauer results showed that Sn2+ and SO+
played different structural roles in the glass. The environment of Sn2+ in glass is similar
to that in amorphous SnO while the SO + structure in glass does not change significantly
compared to crystalline Sn02. The Debye temperatures and recoil free fractions showed
that Sn2+ is less rigidly bound to the network modifier site while SO + is rigidly bound at
network former sites in the glass. The different structural roles of 5n 2+ and SO+ in the
glass were reflected in the some of the physical properties of the glasses
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