6,149 research outputs found
“Proven patriots”: the French diplomatic corps, 1789-1799
No full textThis study analyzes a hitherto unexamined group, the French diplomatic corps during the Revolution (1789 to 1799), and focuses on the question of loyalty and conscience. For some diplomats choice was an illusion as their status often determined their fate. Some supported the king and continued to do so in spite of the high cost, often creatively sabotaging the Revolution. Others put nation, as they defined it, above king. Because the definition of loyalty constantly shifted the corps, like the army and the bureaucracy, was periodically purged. Those who had worked for or been sympathetic to the old regime or those who had allied with a certain political faction came under scrutiny. The turmoil in the diplomatic corps not only had international repercussions but also reflects larger societal trends, such as the attack on the aristocracy and the displacement of one elite by another. The French diplomatic corps was thus emblematic of many issues surrounding the revolutionary struggle of this decade.Publisher PD
Hold still, Madame: wartime gender and the photography of women in France during the Great War
No full textThis study investigates French images of women during the First World War, the feminine postures and roles captured by photographers, how female images were used in the wartime media and by the state, and how captions and other textual modes strengthened an overarching message of total consent. By analysing the three most prominent genres of female imagery during the period – women in distress, feminine devotion, and women toiling for the war effort – this book seeks to demonstrate how photography assisted in the gender work of the war. Photographers and publishers showed how traditional feminine traits could contribute to a male-designed and directed war effort, while also concealing instances of female dissent, which included feminist, socialist, popular and pacifist objections to the war. Yet, although the archives contain few wartime images created by French women themselves, this work also introduces a small group of period photographs, lithographs, articles and literary works that disrupted the visual narrative of subordination.Publisher PD
The Legacy of Iconoclasm: religious war and the relic landscape of Tours, Blois and Vendôme, 1550-1750
No full textThis study explores the process of physically rebuilding, renewing and reinventing the relic landscape in the regions around Tours, Blois and Vendôme following the widespread iconoclastic damage of the French religious wars. The author takes a long-term perspective exploring developments over two hundred years, from the mid-sixteenth through to the mid-eighteenth centuries. The book explores what the physical renewal of the landscape can tell us about evolving beliefs and practices concerning relics during the Catholic Reformation and what reconstruction activities reveal about the meaning and experience of relic veneration. It pays particular attention to how the relic landscape evolved through relic translations and how communities that oversaw relic shrines remembered the iconoclastic acts of the religious wars through liturgical and ritual commemorations, memorials, artistic renderings, oral traditions and written accounts.Publisher PD
Intra and Inter organisational determinants of electronic-based traceability adoption: evidences from the French agri-food industry
No full textTraceability, the ability to trace the origin of products throughout the supply chain, has become an instrument to assure food quality and safety in agri-food chains. This process is organized within both institutional and market constraints, yet it integrates also a technological sphere marked by the unprecedented development of information and communication technologies. This paper analyses the factors influencing firms’ behaviour, with regards to adopting electronic-based traceability, in the French agri-food industry. These factors (microeconomic determinants) related to firms’ internal characteristics and the factors related to their environment. We use data from the ICT and Electronic Commerce survey from 2002, carried out by the French National Institute of Statistics (INSEE). A Probit type model is used, which allow us to take into account the firm’s determinants for its organisational choice, differentiating from those adopting (or not) an electronic-based traceability tool. Our main results show that the choices of electronic-based traceability depend on and interact with their own organizational characteristics and those of their competitive, industrial and local environment. Traceability technologies evidence the complementarities between organisational and technological practices. Large industrial firms known for their established identity and a brand image seem distant from standard traceability practices, contrarily to agribusinesses, which are subjected to regulations and look forward to use traceability for both complying with their downstream contracts and add value to their regional specificities.Traceability, Technology adoption, Agri-food industry, Agribusiness, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety,
Donald Maddox. — Structure and Sacring. The Systematic Kingdom in Chretien's « Erec et Enide », 1978 (" French Forum Monogr. ", 8)
No full textChênerie Marie-Luce. Donald Maddox. — Structure and Sacring. The Systematic Kingdom in Chretien's « Erec et Enide », 1978 (" French Forum Monogr. ", 8). In: Cahiers de civilisation médiévale, 23e année (n°92), Octobre-décembre 1980. p. 419
A study and catalogue of French flute music written between 1945 and 2008
No full textIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 352-368).French contemporary flute works are seldom performed outside France, and most of the composers are relatively unknown to the rest of the world. These works often include new instrumental performance techniques, known as ‘extended techniques’ or avant-garde techniques, which were developed by prominent flute performers in collaboration with composers. The study and performance of works which include extended techniques remain daunting to most South African flautists. Extensive research reveals no existence of a catalogue which represents all French composers and their works for flute after 1945. There is also a great shortage of available literature which prevents flautists, especially outside of Europe, from studying these works. The main objective of this dissertation is to fill this void
The Effects of a "Fat Tax" on the Nutrient Intake of French Households
No full textThis article assesses the effects of a "fat tax" on the nutrient intake of French households across different income groups using a method that estimates the nutrient elasticities of French households. We estimate a complete demand system by aggregating an individual demand system over cohorts. The use of a cohort model is justified by the incompleteness of our data. We find that a "fat tax" would have ambiguous and extremely small effects on the nutrient intake of French households, and its associated economic welfare costs would be similarly weak.Household survey data, demand system, nutrient elasticities., Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety,
A gazetteer and summary of French pottery imported into Scotland c. 1150 to c. 1650 a ceramic contribution to Scotland's economic history Ceramic Resource Disc 3
No full textThe proposal for a series of published inventories, by countries, of all the imported medieval and post medieval pottery recovered from excavations and field walking in Scotland, was advanced on the final day of the Medieval Pottery Research Group’s conference held in Edinburgh in May 2001. Taking on the roll of creating a gazetteer and catalogue of French pottery in Scotland, it was the authors aim to build on the pioneering work of John Hurst and other medieval ceramicists and in the process make a contribution to the ongoing research on identifiable medieval and post-medieval ceramics traded around the North and Irish Sea
On sections of arithmetic fundamental groups of open p-adic annuli
No full textThis is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from the French Academy of Sciences via the DOI in this recordWe show the non-existence of sections of arithmetic fundamental groups
of open p-adic annuli of small radii, this implies the non-existence of sections of
arithmetic fundamental groups of formal boundaries of formal germs of p-adic curves
Representations of France and the French in English satirical prints, c. 1740-1832
No full textThis thesis explores representations of France and the French in English satirical prints in the period c. 1740-1832. This was an era of rivalry and conflict between the two nations. It has been suggested that hostility towards France at this time contributed to the formation of English, or British, national identity. This coincided with England’s ‘golden age of caricature’. While much of the satirical art produced focussed on France, most studies of this material have dealt with how the English portrayed themselves and each other. Those which have discussed representations of the French have promoted the view that English perceptions of the French were principally hostile. While there is a temptation to employ such prints as evidence of English Francophobia, a closer investigation reveals greater satirical complexities at work which do not simply conceptualise and employ the French ‘Other’ as target of hatred.
Informed by war and rivalry, as well as by trade, travel, and cultural exchange, the prints projected some positive characteristics onto the French ‘Other’, they contain varying degrees of sympathy and affinity with the French, and are demonstrative of a relationship more distinct and intimate than that shared with any other nation. At the same time, the prints expose many of the tensions and divisions that existed within Britain itself. French characters were employed to directly attack British political figures, while in other instances domestic anxieties were projected onto images of the French
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