600 research outputs found
Ellen Hughes, Don J. Webber, Glenn Parry (Eds.): Migration, Mobility and the Creative Class, Cheltenham, Edward Elgar, 2024
No full textStock I. Ellen Hughes, Don J. Webber, Glenn Parry (Eds.): Migration, Mobility and the Creative Class, Cheltenham, Edward Elgar, 2024. International Migration Review. 2025
Is temporary employment a cause or consequence of poor mental health? A panel data analysis
Get PDFMental health status has an association with labour market outcomes. If people in temporary employment have poorer mental health than those in permanent employment then it is consistent with two mutually inclusive possibilities: temporary employment generates adverse mental health effects and/or individuals with poorer mental health select into temporary from permanent employment. We apply regression analyses to longitudinal data corresponding to about 50,000 observations across 8000 individuals between 1991 and 2008 drawn from the British Household Panel Survey. We find that permanent employees who will be in temporary employment in the future have poorer mental health than those who never become temporarily employed. We also reveal that this relationship is mediated by greater job dissatisfaction. Overall, these results suggest that permanent workers with poor mental health appear to select into temporary employment thus signalling that prior cross section studies may overestimate the influence of employment type on mental healt
Voting Patterns, Party Spending and Relative Location in England and Wales
Get PDFCutts D. and Webber D. J. Voting patterns, party spending and relative location in England and Wales, Regional Studies. There is growing evidence that context can influence how people make voting decisions, and some of the contexts are spatially defined. Votes are cast in constituencies, but electors in one constituency may be influenced by 'events' in neighbouring constituencies, such as the intensity of party campaigning. By examining the determinants of voting patterns across constituencies in England and Wales using spatial econometric methods, this article suggests that while socio-economic factors and local campaigning are key determinants of party vote shares in constituencies, there is strong spatial autocorrelation in voting patterns. Not only does local campaigning have a positive effect on party performance in constituency j, but also empirical evidence is found of spillover effects following intensive party activity. The more a party spends on campaigning in constituencies adjacent to constituency j, the more votes it gets in constituency j. Each major political party is influenced by space to different extents with the Liberal Democrats visibly exploiting spatial autocorrelation to increase their vote shares. [image omitted] Cutts D. et Webber D. J. La distribution des votes, les depenses des partis politiques et la localisation relative en Angleterre et au Pays de Galles, Regional Studies. Tout laisse a indiquer que le contexte peut influer sur les intentions de vote, et quelques-uns des contextes se definissent geographiquemment. On vote dans des circonscriptions electorales, mais il se peut que les intentions de vote des voteurs d'une conscription electorale donnee soient influencees par les 'circonstances' qui ont lieu dans des circonscriptions electorales voisines, telles l'importance des campagnes electorales. En examinant les determinants de la distribution des votes a travers les circonscriptions electorales en Angleterre et au Pays de Galles en employant des modeles econometriques geographiques, cet article laisse supposer que l'autocorrelation de la distribution des votes s'avere forte, tandis que les facteurs socio-economiques et les campagnes locales sont des determinants cle de la distribution des votes dans les circonscriptions electorales. Les campagnes sont non seulement etroitement liees a la performance d'un parti dans la circonscription electorale j, mais il s'avere aussi des retombees suite a une campagne electorale intensive. Plus un parti politique depense pour les campagnes dans les circonscriptions electorales voisines de la circonscription electorale j, plus les votes obtenus en circonscription electorale j sont eleves. Chaque parti politique majeur est influence differemment par l'espace, dont les Liberal Democrats qui exploitent ouvertement l'autocorrelation geographique afin d'augmenter leur proportion des votes. Elections legislatives 2005 Distribution des votes Depenses des partis politiques Regression geographique Cutts D. und Webber D. J. Wahlverhalten, Ausgaben der Parteien und relative Standorte in England und Wales, Regional Studies. Es gibt wachsende Anzeichen dafur, dass die Wahlentscheidungen der Burger vom Kontext beeinflusst werden konnen und dass einige dieser Kontexte raumlich definiert sind. Die Stimmen werden innerhalb von Wahlkreisen abgegeben, doch die Wahler in einem Wahlkreis konnen von 'Ereignissen' in angrenzenden Wahlkreisen beeinflusst werden, wie z.�B. der Intensitat des dortigen Wahlkampfs einzelner Parteien. In diesem Beitrag untersuchen wir mit Hilfe raumlich-okonometrischer Methoden die Determinanten des Wahlverhaltens verschiedener Wahlkreise in England und Wales und stellen die These auf, dass soziookonomische Faktoren und der lokale Wahlkampf zwar zentrale Determinanten fur die Stimmenanteile der Parteien in den einzelnen Wahlkreisen darstellen, doch dass hinsichtlich des Wahlverhaltens auch eine ausgepragte raumliche Autokorrelation vorhanden ist. Der lokale Wahlkampf wirkt sich nicht nur positiv auf die Ergebnisse der jeweiligen Partei im Wahlkreis j aus, sondern wir finden auch empirische Beweise fur Ubertragungseffekte nach einem intensiven Wahlkampf. Je mehr eine Partei in einem Nachbarwahlkreis des Wahlkreises j fur ihren Wahlkampf ausgibt, desto mehr Stimmen erhalt sie im Wahlkreis j. Jede grossere politische Partei wird in unterschiedlichem Ausmass vom Raum beeinflusst, wobei die Liberal Democrats die raumliche Autokorrelation sichtbar zur Erhohung ihres Stimmenanteils ausnutzen. Britische Parlamentswahlen von 2005 Wahlverhalten Ausgaben politischer Parteien Raumliche Regression Cutts D. y Webber D. J. Modelos de votacion, gastos de partidos y ubicacion relativa en Inglaterra y Gales, Regional Studies. Hay cada vez mas indicios de que las decisiones electorales de los ciudadanos pueden estar influenciadas por el contexto y que algunos contextos estan definidos espacialmente. Los votos se emiten en distritos electorales pero los votantes de un distrito electoral podrian estar influenciados por 'acontecimientos' que ocurran en los distritos vecinos, como podria ser la intensidad de una campana politica. Al examinar los determinantes de los modelos de votacion en los diferentes distritos electorales en Inglaterra y Gales usando metodos econometricos espaciales, en este articulo sugerimos que si bien los factores socioeconomicos y las campanas locales son determinantes fundamentales de las resultados electorales de los partidos en los distritos, existe una fuerte autocorrelacion espacial en los modelos de votacion. Las campanas locales no solo tienen un efecto positivo en el desempeno del partido en un distrito electoral J sino que tambien observamos indicios empiricos de los efectos de desbordamiento tras una intensa actividad por parte de los partidos politicos. Cuanto mas gasta un partido en las campanas en los distritos electorales adyacentes al distrito J, mas votos obtiene en este distrito. Cada partido politico importante esta influenciado por el espacio de modo distinto, si bien los democratas liberales explotan visiblemente la autocorrelacion espacial para mejorar sus resultados electorales. Eleccion General de 2005 Modelos de votacion Gastos de partidos politicos Regresion espacial2005 General Election, Voting patterns, Political party spending, Spatial regression,
The Role of Structural Change in European Regional Productivity Growth
Get PDF© 2014 Regional Studies Association. O’Leary E. and Webber D. J. The role of structural change in European regional productivity growth, Regional Studies. Recent literature suggests that inter-sectoral structural change has a negligible impact on aggregate productivity growth. Through the application of dynamic shift–share methods, this paper presents a re-examination of this perspective using data for 181 European regions from 1980 to 2007. Results suggest that the effect of the inter-sectoral component is far from negligible and is substantially stronger for those regions towards the higher deciles of the distribution. Moreover, its effects appear to be particularly growth enhancing when the region is either ‘high and improving’ or ‘low and deteriorating’. These results rehabilitate the importance of structural change for growth and convergence
Attendance and Exam Performance at University
Get PDFMarburger (2006) explored the link between absenteeism and exam performance by assessing the impact on absenteeism of removing a university wide policy of mandatory attendance for a single class. His results indicate that while an attendance policy has a strong impact on reducing absenteeism the link between absenteeism and exam performance is weak.This paper presents an alternative exploration into the link between absenteeism and exam performance by assessing the impact of implementing a module-specific attendance policy. Our results suggest the link between absenteeism and exam performance is strong, and that student-specific factors are important, including revision strategies and peer group effects. These results question the uniformity of the relationship between attendance and exam performance.absenteeism, attendance, exam performance, undergraduate, peer groups
Grade surprise and choice at 16
Get PDFThis paper argues that an important influence on boys’ decisions to stay on into post-compulsory education is the attainment of maths grades that differ from expected.Bivariate probit; post-compulsory education; choice under uncertainty
LitCrit: exploring intentions as a basis for automated feedback on Related Work.
Get PDFLearning the skill of academic writing is critical for post-graduate (PG) students to
be successful, yet many struggle to master the required standard. Feedback can play a formative role in developing these skills, but many students do not find sufficiently helpful the kinds of feedback available to them. As the Related Work section is known to be particularly difficult for PG students to master that is the focus of this thesis.
To date, models of academic writing have been built on observational studies of
academic articles. In contrast, we carry out a user study to explore what content experts look for in Related Work and how this differs from PG students. We claim that by understanding what experts look for in Related Work and what aspects PG students struggle with, a useful author intention model can be developed to support writing feedback for Related Work sections. Our work demonstrates reliable annotation of the model intentions. Developing on existing algorithms, designed to identify rhetorical intentions in academic writing, we build a supervised machine learning classifier, showing how features focused on Related Work sections improve recognition of content aspects. Carrying out a study to rate the quality of Related Work, we demonstrate that the model is a good proxy for predicting quality, validating the choice of intentions in our model. In addition to recognising author intentions, we automate the generation of feedback based on observations of intentions that are present and missing, taking into account areas that PG students struggle to recognise.
The thesis also contributes a new prototype writing analytic tool, called LitCrit,
that supports visualising the intention narrative of Related Work and presents feedback. We claim this visualisation approach changes the PG student’s perception of Related Work, and demonstrate through a user study that it does draw attention to aspects previously missed bringing PG student responses in line with experts. Finally, we explore the performance of our classifier, originally set within the Computational Linguistics discipline, to that of Computer Graphics. This shows us that while performance may be lower when care is taken to understand those features which are discipline dependent, there is scope for improvement. Also, while a discipline may have the same intentions present in a section, their structural presentation may differ impacting feature choice
Winners and Losers: Spatial variations in labour productivity in England and Wales
Get PDFThis paper presents an investigation into the static and dynamic spatial pattern of aggregate labour productivity across England and Wales at the district and unit authority level. This analysis is complemented by plant-level regressions to identify the contribution of industrial sectors to each NUTS1 region’s average labour productivity. Using data for 1998 and 2005, our exploratory data analysis illustrates that there are stable spatial patterns in levels of labour productivity and that labour productivity change does not appear to be spatially dependent, at least not at this spatial scale. Furthermore the economic importance of different sectors to different regions evolves over time, which makes regional industrial policy formation problematic.Labour productivity; districts and local authorities; sectors; spatial autocorrelation
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