504 research outputs found
China's economic reforms : pointers for other economies in transition?
No full textChina's two main economic problems before reform were low incentives to workers and the misallocation of resources among sectors. These problems were theresult of a development strategy oriented toward heavy industry. By improving material incentives, China's reforms created a flow of new resources and allowed them to be allocated to sectors suppressed under pre-reform strategies. The onset of reform in China was not allowed to disrupt production from existing resources. Instead, the newly created resources were permitted to accrue and to flow into the more productive, often light industrial sectors, thus stimulating continuous growth of the national economy during reform. Low incentives and the suppression of nonpriority sectors are common features of the legacy of economies in transition from central planning that based their development on the rapid growth of heavy industry. China's approach may be of interest to them. Among lessons China learned are that: (a) Autonomy must be granted to micromanagement units and preserved to improve the incentive structure and create a new flow of resources. (b) While maintaining essential minimum levels of production in the pre-reform priority sectors, autonomous enterprises must be permitted and encouraged to allocate new incremental resource flows to the previously suppressed sectors. (c) In parallel, the distorted policy environment and planned-allocation system must be progressively reformed to bring them into line with the new system of incentives and modus operandi of autonomous enterprises.Banks&Banking Reform,Municipal Financial Management,Water and Industry,Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies
The Law in Luke–Acts
No full textIn 1872 F. Overbeck wrote an essay on Justin Martyr and Luke's Acts of the Apostles, stating that the author of Acts was unprincipled when dealing with the law.1 On the one hand, Luke offers justification by faith without the law (i:8f.); on the other, the Jewish Christians are obliged to keep the law unabridged, while gentile Christians have modified freedom from the law. Like Justin, the author of Acts tolerates Jewish Christian adherence to the law, whereas he pretends to regard it as compulsory. Actually Luke merely toys with the problem; the question is of no concern to him.</jats:p
Idealist Fictions: Crossing F. H. Bradley and Samuel Butler
No full textIn this essay, I examine the relationship between late Victorian idealist philosophy and the development of fiction. More specifically, I examine the ontological arguments of British Idealist F. H. Bradley and author Samuel Butler, showing how idealism and fiction are intertwined in their writings, creating a cross-genre, hybrid style that I refer to as “idealist fiction.” By focusing on the ways in which both Bradley and Butler radically disintegrate human subjectivity by extending it into its vibrant, agential natural surrounds, I contend that Victorian idealist fictions offer powerful ethical and aesthetic concepts that can broaden our understanding of Victorian culture, shedding light on the development of the novel in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries
Completion of hinge loss has an implicit bias
No full textA new loss function is proposed which learns the hinge loss function an infinite number of times pushing . It is proven that for a linear model on linearly separable data this modified hinge loss function converges in the direction of the max-margin separator at a rate of \bigO\left( \sqrt{d/t} \right) where is the dimension of the data. Then, an explicit formula for the underlying dynamical system of the gradient descent iterates for two-layer linear networks on the inner product loss function is derived. Using the derived dynamical system, a precise explicit algorithm is developed which when implemented reproduces the gradient descent iterates of two-layer ReLU nets on the inner product exactly. This result is studied further to extrapolate conclusions for neural network optimization.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2022-05-01The student, Justin Lizama, accepted the attached license on 2020-05-12 at 12:38.The student, Justin Lizama, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2020-05-12 at 13:23.This Thesis was approved for publication on 2020-05-12 at 15:00.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #15352 on 2020-08-25 at 17:31:13Made available in DSpace on 2020-08-26T23:58:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Formation of Methane versus Benzene in the Reactions of (C5Me5)(2)Th(CH3)(2) with [CH3PPh3]X (X=Cl, Br, I) Yielding Thorium-Carbene or Thorium-Ylide Complexes
No full textbibtex: ISI:000412189700021 bibtex\location:'POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY',publisher:'WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH',type:'Article',affiliation:'Walensky, JR (Reprint Author), Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Maron, L (Reprint Author), Univ Toulouse, 135 Ave Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France. Maron, L (Reprint Author), LPCNO, CNRS, INSA, UPS,UMR,UMR 5215, 135 Ave Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France. Rungthanaphatsophon, Pokpong; Bathelier, Adrien; Barnes, Charles L.; Walensky, Justin R., Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Bathelier, Adrien; Castro, Ludovic; Maron, Laurent, Univ Toulouse, 135 Ave Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France. Bathelier, Adrien; Castro, Ludovic; Maron, Laurent, LPCNO, CNRS, INSA, UPS,UMR,UMR 5215, 135 Ave Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France.','author-email':'[email protected] [email protected]',da:'2018-12-05','doc-delivery-number':'FI7PR',eissn:'1521-3773','funding-acknowledgement':'U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Early Career Research Program [DE-SC-0014174]; Humboldt Foundation; Chinese Academy of Science; CalMip','funding-text':'J.R.W. gratefully acknowledges support for this work from the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Early Career Research Program under Award Number DE-SC-0014174. L.M. is member of the Instiut Universitaire de France. The Humboldt Foundation, the Chinese Academy of Science and CalMip is acknowledged for either financial support or computing time.','journal-iso':'Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit.','keywords-plus':'CARBON MULTIPLE BOND; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; METALLA-ALLENES; URANIUM COMPLEX; TRANS-INFLUENCE; U-IV=C; REACTIVITY; LIGAND; CHEMISTRY; PH2PNSIME3','number-of-cited-references':'42',oa:'Bronze','orcid-numbers':'Walensky, Justin/0000-0003-0221-2675','research-areas':'Chemistry','times-cited':'5','unique-id':'ISI:000412189700021','usage-count-last-180-days':'0','usage-count-since-2013':'9','web-of-science-categories':'Chemistry, Multidisciplinary'\International audienceThe reaction of (C5Me5)(2)Th(CH3)(2) with the phosphonium salts [CH3PPh3]X (X=Cl, Br, I) was investigated. When X=Br and I, two equivalents of methane are liberated to afford (C5Me5)(2)Th[CHPPh3]X, rare terminal phosphorano-stabilized carbenes with thorium. These complexes feature the shortest thorium-carbon bonds (approximate to 2.30 angstrom) reported to date, and electronic structure calculations show some degree of multiple bonding. However, when X = Cl, only one equivalent of methane is lost with concomitant formation of benzene from an unstable phosphorus(V) intermediate, yielding (C5Me5)(2)Th[kappa(2)-(C,C')-(CH2)(CH2)PPh2]Cl. Density functional theory (DFT) investigations of the reaction energy profiles for [CH3PPh3]X, X = Cl and I showed that in the case of iodide, thermodynamics prevents the production of benzene and favors formation of the carbene
Value proposition analysis for solid state lighting: A case study of Ahmedali Ahmed Electrical Contracting; Marketing the product in the Kingdom of Bahrain
No full textThe proposition given to a product or service in terms of its worth given by a customer is researched and analysed to find the underlying factors contributing to the value. The study is undertaken to investigate the different factors that lays ground for increased ‘Customer value’ and ‘Product Value’. The research objective is to find the “Value Proposition Analysis for Solid State Lighting: a Case Study AhmedAli Ahmed Electrical Contracting; Marketing the product in the Kingdom of Bahrain” Most businesses generate profits, when the customers give a certain value(s) to the service/product provided by the business entity. This could involve many attributes to consider. The project overlooks in to this value significantly to understand the attributes that collectively contributes to ‘Valued Relation’ between the customer and the business. This is achieved by making effective use of literature suggested by various authors and by employing research strategies to validate the literature through the findings. The research also looks in to the case study organisation to fully understand the capabilities of the company to market the product. Thus, this analysis will be specifically looking in to the value proposition given to Solid State Lighting by the current UK customers and by clients of AhamedAli Ahmed Electrical Contracting, Kingdom of Bahrain. However, this analysis must viewed critically, as the product comes at a premium price and the study will be much centred in the Kingdom of Bahrain and cannot be generalised for the other GCC countries or the Middle East. This study is focused to generate strategies in marketing Solid State Lighting in Bahrain taking A.A.E as the Case Study Organisation understanding the Value Proposition for Solid State Lighting
Clinical deterioration during antituberculosis treatment in a high HIV-1 prevalence setting
No full textJustin J. Alikonis
No full textMr. Alikonis is the director of research for the Paul F. Beich Company. He earned a master\u27s degree at the University of Illinois in 1936. He is a fellow in the American Association for the Advancement of Science and in the American Institute of Chemists, past president of the American Association of Candy Technologists, and a member of many food processing organizations. He is enrolled in American Men of Science, World Who\u27s Who in Commerce and Industry, Chemical Who\u27s Who, and other authoritative cyclopedias. Mr. Alikonis holds domestic and foreign patents in chocolate aerated confections. He was the 1954 recipient of the Stroud Jordan Award and the Award of Appreciation from the Quartermasters Food and Container Institute. He has participated in many national and regional forums concerning food problems, is the author of numerous published bulletins and papers, and is the inventor of several food processes and pieces of food processing equipment.https://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/awards_distinguished/1001/thumbnail.jp
Voucher funds in transitional economies : the Czech and Slovak experience
No full textVoucher funds have arisen in the transitional economies of Eastern and Central Europe that have used voucher privatization. These funds collect vouchers from citizens and use them to buy shares in enterprises. In the Czech and Slovak Republics, voucher funds are typically organized as corporations owned by the citizens who contributed their vouchers. Recently, they have also been organized as unit trusts (either open-ended or closed). A management company manages the funds under a contract that specifies the management fee. The management company is typically owned by the initial sponsor of the fund - for example, a bank. Voucher funds can give owners a diversified and professionally managed portfolio. More important, the funds select who sits on an enterprise's governance boards (which oversee management and profitability). Although experience is limited, the funds in these two countries have probably stopped most fraud and self-serving by enterprise mangers and are beginning to encourage the restructuring needed for profitability. A few funds have replaced poorly performing or dishonest managers; more often, because qualified replacements are few, they encourage managers to improve performance. There have been complaints about funds'performance. Some have made unrealistic promises to voucher holders and have appointed poorly qualified members to management boards. There is concern about conflicts of interest in the bank-sponsored funds and excessive control of enterprises. Funds typically lack capital or expertise to undertake restructuring - but few other potential owners are likely to be better qualified. The author examines 27 regulations that have been proposed for funds. Regulations in transitional economies, unlike regulations in most western countries, should encourage funds to play a strong role in corporate governance, he contends, as few potential owners have this ability. Most important, regulations should require that funds disclose information about their operations so their owners can monitor and control fund managers. The regulatory regime, the author says, should discourage monopolies and anticompetitive behavior; create incentives for fund managers to improve fund performance; discourage self-serving or fraudulent behavior by fund managers, and conflicts of interest; and eliminate high-risk investments unacceptable to fund owners. Because there is so little experience with these funds, the regulatory regime should not be unduly restrictive. As problems arise, regulations to deal with them can be added.International Terrorism&Counterterrorism,Economic Adjustment and Lending,Economic Theory&Research,Agricultural Knowledge&Information Systems,Payment Systems&Infrastructure
Rich, Sturmian, and trapezoidal words
No full textIn this paper we explore various interconnections between rich words, Sturmian words, and trapezoidal words. Rich words, first introduced by the second and third authors together with J. Justin and S. Widmer, constitute a new class of finite and infinite words characterized by having the maximal number of palindromic factors. Every finite Sturmian word is rich, but not conversely. Trapezoidal words were first introduced by the first author in studying the behavior of the subword complexity of finite Sturmian words. Unfortunately this property does not characterize finite Sturmian words. In this note we show that the only trapezoidal palindromes are Sturmian. More generally we show that Sturmian palindromes can be characterized either in terms of their subword complexity (the trapezoidal property) or in terms of their palindromic complexity. We also obtain a similar characterization of rich palindromes in terms of a relation between palindromic complexity and subword complexity
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