416 research outputs found
Erhebung, Spezifikation und Analyse nichtfunktionaler Anforderungen in der Systementwicklung
No full textDie Beachtung von nichtfunktionalen Anforderungen (auch häufig als Qualitätsanforderungen bezeichnet) ist essentiell für erfolgreiche Projekte und Produkte. Das Vernachlässigen dieser Qualitätsanforderungen führt häufig zu gescheiterten Projekten, geringer Produktqualität, verlängerter Time To Market und hohem Rework-Aufwand. Demgegenüber stellen erfolgreich umgesetzte Qualitätsanforderungen Differenzierungsmerkmale der Produkte gegenüber Wettbewerbern dar. In der Praxis werden nichtfunktionale Anforderungen oftmals kaum oder nur ad hoc behandelt; eine systematische Erhebung, Spezifikation und Analyse konkreter und messbarer nichtfunktionaler Anforderungen ist oftmals nicht zu beobachten
Distances between Requirements Engineering and Later Software Development Activities: A Systematic Map
No full text[Context and Motivation] The main role of requirements engineering (RE) is to guide development projects towards implementing products that will appeal to customers. To effectively achieve this RE needs to be coordinated with and clearly communicated to the later software development activities. [Question/Problem] Communication gaps between RE and other development activities reduce coordination and alignment, and can lead to project delays and failure to meet customer needs. [Principle ideas/results] The main hypothesis is that coordination is enhanced by proximity to RE roles and artefacts, and that distances to later activities increase the effort needed to align requirements with other development work. Thirteen RE-related distances have been identified through a systematic map of existing research. [Contribution] Reported dis-tances are mapped according to research type, RE activity and later software development activities. The results provide an overview of RE distances and can be used a basis for defining a theoretical framework
Risk Identification on the Interface Between Business Case and Requirements
No full textMotivation: The requirements engineering (RE) research community is aware of the importance of performing feasibility studies before starting requirements elicitation. Unfortunately, projects still frequently fail to achieve commercial success, responsibility is often unknown, and requirements engineers may be deemed responsible for mistakes made by others. Problem: There is neither empirical evidence available from a post-mortem risk analysis for projects that performed adequate RE but commercially failed nor guidance for requirements engineers on validating a business case analysis to mitigate this risk. Principal idea: By performing a post-mortem analysis of software development projects that failed to achieve commercial success, we investigate the root causes for the failures and, in most cases, trace the causes back to business case issues. We identify risk areas and provide practical due diligence guidance to the practitioner. Contribution: This exploratory case study performs an in-depth review of a detailed post-mortem analysis of three software development projects performed over a 2.5 year period. Each of the analyzed projects failed to make the expected transition to commercialization despite using appropriate RE techniques and achieving satisfactory deliverables. The analysis identifies risk factors that the RE practitioner should consider and we provide a checklist for RE practitioners to use when checking for these risks in an antecedent business case as part of their due diligence. A low-cost commercial viability assessment technique, employing Fermi approximation, is provided to equip the RE practitioner with a risk mitigation tool in the absence of business analyst resources
reqT.org – Towards a Semi-Formal, Open and Scalable Requirements Modeling Tool
No full text[Context and motivation] This research preview presents ongoing work on a free software requirements modeling tool called reqT that is developed in an educational context. [Question/problem] The work aims to engage computer science students in Requirements Engineering (RE) through a tool that captures essential RE concepts in executable code. [Principal ideas] Requirements are modeled using an internal DSL in the Scala programming language that blends natural language strings with a graph-oriented formalism. [Contribution] The metamodel of reqT and its main features are presented and modeling examples are provided together with a discussion on initial experiences from student projects, limitations and directions of further research
Standardization and improvement of the RE-process for a company within the automotive domain
No full textAnalyse eines arbeitsablauforientierten Requirements Engineering Prozesses
No full textDie vorliegende Diplomarbeit befasst sich mit der Analyse eines Prozesses zur Erhebung und Spezifikation von Anforderungen, welcher von der Abteilung für Requirements und Usability Engineering (kurz: RUE) des Fraunhofer IESE entwickelt wurde. Dieser wurde in einem Praktikum angewendet und Schritt für Schritt analysiert. Dabei haben sich Schwachstellen und Probleme herauskristallisiert. Da sich die ereignisgesteuerten Prozessketten als kompliziert herausgestellt haben, wurde die Vermutung aufgestellt, dass Aktivitätsdiagramme aus der UML besser geeignet sind um Abläufe zu modellieren. Um die Vermutung zu bestätigen, wurden zwei Experimente durchgeführt. Im ersten Experiment sollte analysiert werden, welche Diagramme sich leichter erstellen lassen (Sichtweise des Anforderungsingenieurs). Im Zweiten wurde die Lesbarkeit und das Verständnis der Diagramme gegenübergestellt (Sichtweise Kunde). Das erste Experiment zeigte deutlich, dass Aktivitätsdiagramme leichter zu erstellen sind. Die Ergebnisse des zweiten Experiments waren nicht so eindeutig. Dadurch hat aber ein Anforderungsingenieur die Freiheit sich eine Modellierungsart auszusuchen. Aus den Ergebnissen des Praktikums sowie der Experimente reslutierte eine verbesserte Prozessbeschreibung, welche sowohl identifizierte Probleme adressiert, als auch neue Elemente aufweist. Aufgrund der Experimente wurden in der neuen Prozessbeschreibung Aktivitätsdiagramme verwendet. Um zu testen ob die neue Anleitung zu dem RE-Prozess sich wirklich verbessert hatte, wurde diese in einem weiteren Praktikum evaluiert. Diese Evaluation und der Vergleich der beiden Praktikas hat gezeigt, dass der Prozess nun einfacher anzuwenden ist und dabei weniger Probleme auftreten als vorher. Auch die verwendeten Aktivitätsdiagramme bereiteten viel weniger Schwierigkeiten als die ereignisgesteuerten Prozessketten. Es konnte in dieser Diplomarbeit eine in vielen Punkten verbesserte Prozessbeschreibung für den gegebenen Requirementsengineeringprozess erarbeitet werden
Effect of tumour-cell-derived or recombinant keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) on proliferation and radioresponse of human epithelial tumour cells (HNSCC) and normal keratinocytes in vitro
No full textPurpose of this work was to test the effect of tumour-cell-derived keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) or recombinant KGF (palifermin) on cell proliferation and radiation response of human HNSCC cells and normal keratinocytes in vitro. Four tumour cell cultures derived from head and neck squamous cell carcinomas, primary keratinocytes, and immortalized keratinocytes were analysed. Fibroblasts, the natural source of KGF protein, served as controls. KGF expression was observed in primary and immortalized keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and in tumour cells, while significant KGF receptor expression was only found in keratinocytes. Recombinant KGF as well as tumour-cell-derived KGF caused a significant growth stimulation and radioprotection in keratinocytes, which was abolished by a neutralizing anti-KGF antibody. This indicates that tumour-cell-derived KGF is biologically active. In the tumour cell lines, no significant growth stimulation was induced by recombinant KGF, and the neutralizing antibody did not influence tumour cell growth or radiation response. Our results indicate that the normal, paracrine KGF regulatory mechanisms, which are based on KGF receptor expression, are lost in malignant cells, with the consequence of irresponsiveness of the tumour cells to exogenous KGF. In face of the amelioration of the radiation response of normal epithelia, demonstrated in various clinical and various preclinical animal studies, recombinant KGF represents a candidate for the selective protection of normal epithelia during radio(chemo) therapy of squamous cell carcinoma
Towards acceptance of socio-technical systems – An emphasis on the requirements phase
No full textThis paper is not a technical research paper, but discusses some essential reasons why socio-technical systems do not get the acceptance by endusers that is typically needed for a successful usage of the systems. One major prerequisite to achieve sufficient acceptance is to ensure a specific treatment of end-users, and stakeholders in general during the requirements engineering phase. Reasons for resulting low acceptance of socio-technical systems in the requirements phase are discussed both, from an industry as well as from an academic perspective
Towards acceptance of socio-technical systems - an emphasis on the requirements phase
No full textThis paper discusses some essential reasons why socio-technical systems do not get the acceptance by end-users that is typically needed for a successful usage of the systems. One major prerequisite to achieve sufficient acceptance is to ensure a specific treatment of end-users, and stakeholders in general during the requirements engineering phase. The paper illustrates examples how requirements engineering activities for current as well as for future applications can help to increase the acceptance of socio-technical systems
- …
