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Class consciousness and migrant workers : dock workers of Durban
Despite the enormous apparatus of control at the disposal of employers
and the state in South Africa, working class activity has not been eliminated
nor organization erased. African migrant workers, such as those employed
in the Durban docks, have held a leading position within the African working
class for decades, absorbing the lessons of past struggles and putting forward
demands which have led strike movements. These struggles demonstrate the
uncompromising hostility of African workers to their class and national oppres-
sion. With the growth of capital in South Africa an increase in class
exploitation has been accompanied by intensified national oppression; the
rule over African workers being enforced through vagrant, master and servant,
and pass laws wh ich reproduce a cheap migrant labour force.
Dock workers, for more than a century migrant workers, have shown a
capacity for resistance in the city equal or higher than the level of class action
by 'settled' urban workers. Their resilience is explained by their concentra-
tion and commanding position in the labour process of the docks. During
strikes the workers have laid claim to work and residence in towns in opposition
to the employer and state strategy of expell ing strikers from th e urban centres.
Decasualization has been introduced as a 'repressive reform' to reassert
the control of the employers over an increasingly active workforce. Ironically,
it has b~en accompanied by increasing priority to the development of contract
labour in the docks and has also not eliminated the high turnover of workers nor
the insecurity of employment.
The consciousness of the dock workers has been shaped by the harsh
discipline of capitalist production, national oppression, and the daily
experience of international communications. These factors, combined with
a long tradition of resistance, have encouraged the formation of a class con-
scious section of the African proletariat
Morse's yellow dock, the great blood purifier and kidney remedy
This apothecary card for Morse's Yellow Dock displays an illustration of a brown and white cat. "L. Sunderland Prov, R.I.," appears at the base of the illustration. A chart containing international statistics appears on the back of the card. Circa 1870 through 1920
Dr. Morse's compound syrup of yellow dock root
This apothecary card for Dr. Morse's Compound Syrup displays an illustration of a bouquet of yellow and orange flowers. The caption, "cures all humors, dyspepsia, biliousness, constipation, piles, headache, liver and kidney diseases," appears near the bottom, left corner of the card. "Prepared by Morse Yellow Dock Root Syrup Co., Providence, R.I.," appears beneath the caption. Circa 1870 through 1920
Cross Dock: analysis of two different strategies in handling and staging freights using simulation.
Dr. Morse's compound syrup of yellow dock root is the best blood purifier ever prepared
This apothecary card for Dr. Morse's Compound Syrup displays an illustration of pink and yellow flowers. The caption, "cures all humors, dyspepsia, biliousness, constipation, piles, headache, liver and kidney diseases, and is unsurpassed as an appetizer," appears near the bottom, left corner of the illustration. "Send stamp to Morse Yellow Dock Root Syrup Co., Providence, R.I., for circular and sets of fancy cards," appears beneath the caption. Stamped, "Dr. Cummings' Radical Catarrh Cure cures catarrh, headache, nervousness, colds, &c. Sent by mail for 25 cts. Mrs. J. R. Kelley, Druggist, 317 B'way Chelsea, Ms.," and "For sale by Mrs. J. R. Kelley, 317 Broadway," appear on the back of the card. Circa 1870 through 1920
Dr. Morse's compound syrup of yellow dock root is the best blood purifier ever prepared
This apothecary card for Dr. Morse's Compound Syrup displays an illustration of a bird landing on thistle. The caption, "Cures all humors, dyspepsia, biliousness, constipation, dizziness, headache, liver and kidney diseases, and general debility," appears beneath the illustration. "Morse Yellow Dock Root Syrup Co., Providence, R.I.," appears at the base of the card. Circa 1870 through 1920
Dr. Morse's compound syrup of yellow dock root is the best blood purifier ever prepared
This apothecary card for Dr. Morse's Compound Syrup displays an illustration of yellow and purple pansies. The caption, "cures all humors, dyspepsia, biliousness, constipation, piles, headache, liver and kidney diseases, and is unsurpassed as an appetizer," appears near the bottom, left corner of the illustration. "Send to Morse Yellow Dock Root Syrup Co., Providence, R.I., for circular and sets of fancy cards," appears beneath the caption. Circa 1870 through 1920
Dock c. 1903
Black and white postcard c. 1903, Alden area, Michigan.(front): Steamboat and two smaller vessels docked; some people stand near steamboat, others walking on dock. (back:) message - 'Arrived at Alden safe and sound, sent Fred home. By by, Grace Lee'. To: 'Grace Pickard, Bellaire, Michigan' Postmarked 1903; green one cent Franklin stamp
Dock c. 1903
Black and white postcard c. 1903, Alden area, Michigan.(front): Steamboat and two smaller vessels docked; some people stand near steamboat, others walking on dock. (back:) message - 'Arrived at Alden safe and sound, sent Fred home. By by, Grace Lee'. To: 'Grace Pickard, Bellaire, Michigan' Postmarked 1903; green one cent Franklin stamp
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