401 research outputs found
Approche combinée de thérapie génique non-virale et d’ultrasons pour l’immunothérapie du cancer
No full textL'immunothérapie anticancéreuse est une stratégie thérapeutique prometteuse partie prenante de nombreux protocoles de traitement du cancer. L'IL-12 est une cytokine thérapeutique impliquée dans l'induction de réponses immunitaires à la fois innées et adaptatives. Cependant, l'application clinique de l'IL-12 a été entravée par une toxicité sévère. Cette toxicité pourrait être atténuée lors de l'expression d'IL-12 localement avec un vecteur de délivrance de gène tel que des liposomes cationiques. De plus, de nombreux essais précliniques ont montré les effets antitumoraux remarquables des techniques d'ablation tumorale associées à l'immunothérapie. Sur la base de ces connaissances, nous avons proposé un projet pour étudier l'effet d'immunomodulation, une combinaison entre la transfection du gène IL-12, un lipide cationique jouant le rôle d'adjuvant et l'ablation par ultrasons focalisés chez des souris porteuses de tumeurs. Par ailleurs, afin d'augmenter la quantité de plasmide intratumoral, un ciblage magnétique avec des liposomes cationiques magnétiques (MCL) a été envisagé. Dans la première partie, des MCLs de moins de 200 nm, positivement chargés, ont été préparés avec succès par 2 méthodes, la sonication cosolvant (cosol) et l'évaporation en phase inverse (REV). Ces deux formulations MCL ont montré des relaxivités IRM r2 élevées à 7T et une efficacité de lipoplexation élevée. En outre, les cosol_MCL se sont révélés supérieurs aux REV_MCL, en particulier en termes d'efficacité de transfection. De plus, en présence d'un champ magnétique externe, l'internalisation et la transfection avec des complexes cosol_MCLs / ADNp ont été améliorées. Les cosol_MCL et leurs lipoplexes pourraient être appropriés pour être appliqués dans la délivrance systémique de gènes car ils se sont avérés ne pas être cytotoxiques pour les hépatocytes même à haute concentration. Bien que l'efficacité de ciblage sur le site de la tumeur avec un aimant, n'ait pas été très important ciblés, ces MCLs sont des agents de contraste T1 permettant d'améliorer le contraste IRM in vivo et de suivre ces agents chez la souris. Dans la deuxième partie de mon projet, diverses conditions d'échographie focalisée à haute intensité (HIFU) ont été testées in vitro pour leurs effets sur les cellules cancéreuses CT26. Nous avons constaté que la valeur seuil de la dose thermique, CEM43 ° C, pour la mort cellulaire était d'environ 10^3 minutes. De plus, un CEM43 ° C de 10 à 10^5 minutes a provoqué la libération et l'expression maximales de hsp70 dans les cellules CT26 traitées par HIFU. L'étude in vivo réalisée a permis de montrer que l'application de HIFU 80T 60s permet non seulement d'induire l'ablation de la tumeur mais aussi d'activer les cellules T cytotoxiques pour la production de TNF-a. De plus, en raison de la transfection inefficace des lipoplexes même après injection i.v ou locale, l'injection d'ADNp nu dans la tumeur a été choisie. Le pFAR4.2-mIL12 nu a été transféré avec succès et a montré certains avantages dans l'activation des cellules T. De même, le lipide cationique YUK 1350 s'est avéré stimuler l'activation des cellules T. La combinaison de ces 3 traitements a également montré un effet d'immunomodulation amélioré. En conclusion, au cours de cette thèse, une formulation de MCL a été préparée et optimisée avec succès pour la transfection in vitro. En outre, l'effet de HIFU sur les cellules CT26 a également été évaluée in vitro. Les premiers résultats de la transfection pFAR4.2-mIL12, de l'ablation HIFU, de l'injection de lipides cationiques et de leur combinaison sur la réponse immunitaire ont pu être réalisés. D'autres études devraient être menées pour optimiser la transfection avec des liposomes cationiques, la technique d'ablation HIFU et leur association pour l'immunothérapie.Cancer immunotherapy is a promising modality of therapy that becomes an important component of many cancer treatment protocols. Among many immunotherapeutic agents, IL-12 is an important cytokine which is involved in the induction of both innate and adaptive immune responses. However, the clinical application of IL-12 has been hampered by severe toxicity. This toxicity could be attenuated when expressing IL-12 locally with a gene delivery vector such as cationic liposomes. In addition, many pre-clinical trials have shown the outstanding antitumor effects of tumor ablation techniques combined with immunotherapy. Based on these knowledge, we proposed a project to study the immunomodulation effect a combination between IL-12 gene transfection, immune activating-cationic lipid and HIFU ablation in tumor bearing mice. Our plan was to use magnetic cationic liposomes (MCLs) for magnetic targeting delivery of a plasmid encoding IL-12. In the first part, small MCLs of less than 200 nm with highly positive charge were successfully prepared by 2 methods, cosolvent sonication (cosol) and reverse phase evaporation (REV). These two MCL formulations showed high r2 MRI relaxivities at 7T and high lipoplexation efficiency. Furthermore, the cosol_MCLs were shown to be superior to the REV_MCLs, especially in the transfection efficiency. Moreover, in the presence of an external magnetic field, the internalization and transfection with cosol_MCLs/pDNA complexes were enhanced. The cosol_MCLs and their lipoplexes could be suitable to be applied in systemic gene delivery as they were proved to be not cytotoxic to hepatocytes even at high concentration. Although the lipoplexes were not highly targeted at the tumor site with a magnet, they acted as a good MRI contrast enhancement agent in vivo. In the second part of my project, various High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) conditions were tested in vitro for theirs effects on CT26 cancer cells. We found that the threshold value of the thermal dose, CEM43°C, for cell death was about 10^3 minutes. Moreover, CEM43°C of 10 to 10^5 minutes caused the maximal release and expression of hsp70 in HIFU treated CT26 cells. There were some enhancement, even not significantly, of HIFU treated CT26 compared to the non-treated ones in stimulation of DCs in vitro. From in vivo study, the HIFU 80T 60s was found to not only induce tumor ablation but also activate cytotoxic T cells for production of TNF-a. Besides, due to the inefficient transfection of the lipoplexes even after i.v or local injection, injection of naked pDNA in the tumor was chosen. The naked pFAR4.2-mIL12 was successfully transferred and showed some benefits in activating T cells. Similarly, cationic lipid YUK 1350 was shown to stimulate T cells activation. The combination of these three treatments also exhibited an enhanced immunomodulation effect. In conclusion, during this PhD, a MCL formulation was successfully prepared and optimized for in vitro transfection. Besides, effect of HIFU on CT26 cells also evaluated in vitro. The initial results of pFAR4.2-mIL12 transfection, HIFU ablation, cationic lipid injection and their combination on the immune response were shown with some positive results. More studies should be carried out to optimize the transfection with cationic liposomes, the HIFU ablation technique and their combination for immunotherapy
Sporoxeia vietnamensis D. V. Hai, Z. L. Lin & S. Jin Zeng 2022, sp. nov.
No full textSporoxeia vietnamensis D.V.Hai, Z.L.Lin & S.Jin Zeng, sp. nov. (Figs. 1–4) Type: — VIETNAM. Lao Cai Province: Van Ban District, Nam Xe Commune, elev. 1018 m, 22°03’28.1”N, 103°57’32.3”E, 31 July 2018, Do Van Hai, Hoang Van Chien DVH 99 (holotype HN!; isotypes HN!, IBSC!). Diagnosis: —The new species resembles S. blastifolia in having obtusely quadrangular stems, slightly unequal leaf blades with cuneate bases, and two secondary veins on each side of midvein, but differs by the leaf blades stiffly papery (vs. papery), larger (ca. 10 mm long vs. 3 mm long) and densely horned (vs. sparsely verrucose) hypanthia, larger (3–4 × 1.5–2 mm vs. almost invisible) calyx lobes, and larger (14–16 × 9–11 mm vs. ca. 4 × 4 mm) petals. Description: —Shrubs to 1.5–2.5 m tall, bark smooth, grayish brown; young branchlets green, densely puberulent, obtusely quadrangular, old branchlets turning to brown, sparsely puberulent and lenticellate. Leaves opposite; petiole ferruginous to rufous, terete, 2.5–6 cm long, puberulent when young, then glabrescent; blade oblong to ovate-oblong, or broadly ovate, 9.5–19 × 4.5–10 cm, stiffly papery, base obtuse, broadly cuneate, margin inconspicuously denticulate, apex acuminate with a tip up to ca. 1 cm, adaxially light green, often with prominent whitish spots arranged in two lines on both sides of the midvein when young, abaxially green, ferruginous to rufous along midvein; secondary veins 2 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins numerous, parallel. Inflorescences of an axillary umbel, 3–5-flowered; peduncle ca. 3 mm, puberulent; bracts subulate, ca. 3 mm long, margin serrate, caducous. Pedicel 0.8–1 cm long, ± puberulent. Hypanthium campanulate-cupuliform, ca. 1 cm long, obtusely quadrangular, ± puberulent, with irregular horns up to ca. 3 mm long. Calyx lobes triangular, 3–4 × 1.5–2 mm, adaxially puberulent and strongly concave to nearly folded, abaxially convex and ridged, margin irregularly dentate, apex obtuse. Petals pink, broadly ovate, oblique, 1.4–1.6 × 0.9–1.1 cm, glabrous, apex acuminate. Stamens 8, antisepalous 4 longer, antipetalous 4 shorter, arranged in 2 whorls. Antisepalous stamens 2.0– 2.2 cm long; filaments pink, 1.0– 1.1 cm long, glabrous; anthers pink, lanceolate, strongly curved, 1.0– 1.1 cm long; connective slightly decurrent, basally with 2 ventral cream tubercles ca. 1.0– 1.2 mm long and a dorsal short cream spur ca. 0.7 mm long. Antipetalous stamens 1.2–1.4 cm long; filaments pink, 6–7 mm long, glabrous; anthers pink, lanceolate, strongly curved, 6–7 mm long; connective slightly decurrent, basally with 2 ventral yellow tubercles 1.0– 1.2 mm long and a dorsal short yellow spur ca. 0.7 mm long. Ovary inferior, urceolate to ovoid, quadrangular, ca. 8 × 4 mm, crown 4-lobed, apex irregularly denticulate with glandular trichomes; style white to pinkish, slightly curved, 1.6–1.7 cm long, glabrous, stigma obtuse. Capsule ovoid, obtusely quadrangular, ca. 8 × 4 mm. Seeds more than 100, ellipsoid, ca. 0.5 mm long. Etymology:— The species is named after the country Vietnam where it was discovered. Phenology:— Flowering from July to August; fruiting from August to March of next year. Distribution and habitat:— The species is currently only known from a few localities in Lao Cai and Bac Kan, northern Vietnam. It grows at shady places under primary or secondary evergreen broad-leaved submontane forests on steep granite and quartzite slopes along streamside at elevations of 680–1350 m. Conservation status:— The species was collected from several localities in Lao Cai and Bac Kan, northern Vietnam. All localities are protected areas of the Hoang Lien-Van Ban Nature Reserve and Kim Hy Nature Reserve. The new species grows at undisturbed sites and no anthropogenic threat has been detected. There are no data on population assessment in the field now. According to our prediction, the new species could be present in other locations with similar habitat conditions of the type locality. Therefore, it may be accessed to be ‘Data Deficient’ (DD) according to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN 2022). Additional specimens examined (paratypes):— VIETNAM. Lao Cai Province: Van Ban District, Nam Xe Commune, 26 February 2001, Daniel K. Harder, Phan Ke Loc, Nguyen Tien Hiep, George E. Schatz, Sharon A. Bodine & Nguyen Quang Hieu DKH 6870 (HN, MO); Van Ban District, Nam Xay Commune, elev. 1200–1350 m, 1 km to the W of point 22°59’00’’N, 104°02’00’’E, 9 March 2002, L.Averyanov, P.K.Loc, Do Tien Doan HAL 2179 (HN); Van Ban District, Khanh Yen Ha Commune, elev. 680–880 m, around point 21°58’28’’N, 104°15’52’’E, 14 March 2002, L.Averyanov, Phan Ke Loc, Do Tien Doan HAL 2343 (HN); Van Ban District, Nam Xe Commune, elev. 1018 m, 22°03’28.1”N, 103°57’32.3”E, 1 July 2018, Do Van Hai, Zheli Lin, Sunan Huang HL 69 (HN, IBSC); ibid., 25 March 2019, Do Van Hai, Zheli Lin, Xixi Zhang HL 159 (HN, IBSC); ibid., 28 November 2019, Do Van Hai, Zheli Lin, Yuantao Xie HL 291 (HN, IBSC). Bac Kan Province: Na Ri District, Kim Hy Commune, 17 August 2016, Do Van Hai et al., DVH 17082016 (HN). Taxonomic notes: —Until now, the genus Sporoxeia consists of eight species including the new species. Sporoxeia vietnamensis can be easily distinguished from other species of Sporoxeia by the stiffly papery leaf blades, larger and densely horned hypanthia, and larger calyx lobes and petals. Its horned hypanthia and nearly folded calyx lobes are uncommon in the Asian Melastomataceae. The horned hypanthia also occur to some species of Pternandra Jack (1822: 60) of the tribe Kibessieae, e.g., P. echinata Jack (1822: 3). An identification key to the species of Sporoxeia is provided below.Published as part of Thuy, Nguyen Thu, Zeng, Sijin, Hai, Do Van, Hoan, Duong Thi, Lin, Zheli & Deng, Yunfei, 2022, Sporoxeia vietnamensis (Melastomataceae), a new species from northern Vietnam, pp. 283-290 in Phytotaxa 558 (3) on pages 284-289, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.558.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/700309
FIGURE 1 in HULLETTIA King ex Hook. f. (Moraceae), A newly recorded genus to the Flora of Vietnam, with its lectotypification and a revised key to Vietnamese Moraceae
No full textFIGURE 1. Lectotype of Hullettia dumosa King (Scortechini sine num., K: K000898664) (http://apps.kew.org/herbcat/getImage.do?imageBarcode=K000898664; © Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew)Published as part of Bui, Van Huong, Vu, Dinh Duy, Pham, Mai Huong, Do, Van Hai, Doan, Hoang Son, Bui, Van Thanh, Dam, Ngoc Anh Luu, Truong, Ba Vuong & Gardner, Elliot M., 2022, HULLETTIA King ex Hook. f. (Moraceae), A newly recorded genus to the Flora of Vietnam, with its lectotypification and a revised key to Vietnamese Moraceae, pp. 272-278 in Phytotaxa 550 (3) on page 273, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.550.3.7, http://zenodo.org/record/665104
The survey in a sampling plot in the study area (Source: Photo taken by Pham Minh Hai (the author) in the study area in 2019).
No full textThe survey in a sampling plot in the study area (Source: Photo taken by Pham Minh Hai (the author) in the study area in 2019).</p
Mangroves in motion: Investigating the impact of the Hai Phong Masterplan: A case study in the Do Son area
No full textThe Hai Phong region is undergoing transformative changes through a Masterplan aimed at enhancing financial stability and improving the quality of life for the local community. A significant component of this Masterplan involves the construction of two new port terminals close to the mangroves of Do Son, a small town southeast of Hai Phong. Mangroves are beneficial in multiple facets. They act as a natural barrier, protecting coastlines from erosion, storm surges, and tsunamis. Additionally, mangroves contribute to water quality by filtering pollutants and trapping sediments, improving overall aquatic ecosystems. Furthermore, they provide crucial habitat for various species, supporting biodiversity and serving as nurseries for many marine organisms that benefit the local community. This research investigates the potential implications of the Masterplan using the following research question: What are the potential effects of the Hai Phong Masterplan on the mangrove ecosystems and the local community? Conducted by a multidisciplinary team of six students, this research involved interviews with professionals, locals, and governmental organisations, extensive literature review, and field trips. It was concluded from this research that the construction of the port terminals have far-reaching consequences. In the mangrove area in Bang La (area A), the port terminal will have a sheltering effect over the mangrove area. This will cause sedimentation to occur and thus accretion. Also, it is also expected that the water quality will degrade further due to increased anthropogenic activity in combination with the poor sewage system present. The mangrove area in Ngoc Hai (area B) is expected to have little direct changes. The local community in Do Son shows varied awareness and support for the Masterplan, with stronger support in mangrove area A. Economic benefits, such as increased tourism, drive positive attitudes. However, there is a notable lack of awareness in area B. The willingness to participate is influenced by economic incentives, and effective communication is crucial for shaping community perspectives. With regards to the further execution of the Masterplan it is recommended to incorporate effective waste management, revise reafforestation plans to meet legal obligations, and engage key environmental stakeholders. For further research, it is recommended to conduct measurements over a more extended period of time to better understand the dynamics of the area. Additionally, more detailed research is needed to substantiate assumptions.Civil Engineerin
Approche combinée de thérapie génique non-virale et d’ultrasons pour l’immunothérapie du cancer
No full textCancer immunotherapy is a promising modality of therapy that becomes an important component of many cancer treatment protocols. Among many immunotherapeutic agents, IL-12 is an important cytokine which is involved in the induction of both innate and adaptive immune responses. However, the clinical application of IL-12 has been hampered by severe toxicity. This toxicity could be attenuated when expressing IL-12 locally with a gene delivery vector such as cationic liposomes. In addition, many pre-clinical trials have shown the outstanding antitumor effects of tumor ablation techniques combined with immunotherapy. Based on these knowledge, we proposed a project to study the immunomodulation effect a combination between IL-12 gene transfection, immune activating-cationic lipid and HIFU ablation in tumor bearing mice. Our plan was to use magnetic cationic liposomes (MCLs) for magnetic targeting delivery of a plasmid encoding IL-12. In the first part, small MCLs of less than 200 nm with highly positive charge were successfully prepared by 2 methods, cosolvent sonication (cosol) and reverse phase evaporation (REV). These two MCL formulations showed high r2 MRI relaxivities at 7T and high lipoplexation efficiency. Furthermore, the cosol_MCLs were shown to be superior to the REV_MCLs, especially in the transfection efficiency. Moreover, in the presence of an external magnetic field, the internalization and transfection with cosol_MCLs/pDNA complexes were enhanced. The cosol_MCLs and their lipoplexes could be suitable to be applied in systemic gene delivery as they were proved to be not cytotoxic to hepatocytes even at high concentration. Although the lipoplexes were not highly targeted at the tumor site with a magnet, they acted as a good MRI contrast enhancement agent in vivo. In the second part of my project, various High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) conditions were tested in vitro for theirs effects on CT26 cancer cells. We found that the threshold value of the thermal dose, CEM43°C, for cell death was about 10^3 minutes. Moreover, CEM43°C of 10 to 10^5 minutes caused the maximal release and expression of hsp70 in HIFU treated CT26 cells. There were some enhancement, even not significantly, of HIFU treated CT26 compared to the non-treated ones in stimulation of DCs in vitro. From in vivo study, the HIFU 80T 60s was found to not only induce tumor ablation but also activate cytotoxic T cells for production of TNF-a. Besides, due to the inefficient transfection of the lipoplexes even after i.v or local injection, injection of naked pDNA in the tumor was chosen. The naked pFAR4.2-mIL12 was successfully transferred and showed some benefits in activating T cells. Similarly, cationic lipid YUK 1350 was shown to stimulate T cells activation. The combination of these three treatments also exhibited an enhanced immunomodulation effect. In conclusion, during this PhD, a MCL formulation was successfully prepared and optimized for in vitro transfection. Besides, effect of HIFU on CT26 cells also evaluated in vitro. The initial results of pFAR4.2-mIL12 transfection, HIFU ablation, cationic lipid injection and their combination on the immune response were shown with some positive results. More studies should be carried out to optimize the transfection with cationic liposomes, the HIFU ablation technique and their combination for immunotherapy.L'immunothérapie anticancéreuse est une stratégie thérapeutique prometteuse partie prenante de nombreux protocoles de traitement du cancer. L'IL-12 est une cytokine thérapeutique impliquée dans l'induction de réponses immunitaires à la fois innées et adaptatives. Cependant, l'application clinique de l'IL-12 a été entravée par une toxicité sévère. Cette toxicité pourrait être atténuée lors de l'expression d'IL-12 localement avec un vecteur de délivrance de gène tel que des liposomes cationiques. De plus, de nombreux essais précliniques ont montré les effets antitumoraux remarquables des techniques d'ablation tumorale associées à l'immunothérapie. Sur la base de ces connaissances, nous avons proposé un projet pour étudier l'effet d'immunomodulation, une combinaison entre la transfection du gène IL-12, un lipide cationique jouant le rôle d'adjuvant et l'ablation par ultrasons focalisés chez des souris porteuses de tumeurs. Par ailleurs, afin d'augmenter la quantité de plasmide intratumoral, un ciblage magnétique avec des liposomes cationiques magnétiques (MCL) a été envisagé. Dans la première partie, des MCLs de moins de 200 nm, positivement chargés, ont été préparés avec succès par 2 méthodes, la sonication cosolvant (cosol) et l'évaporation en phase inverse (REV). Ces deux formulations MCL ont montré des relaxivités IRM r2 élevées à 7T et une efficacité de lipoplexation élevée. En outre, les cosol_MCL se sont révélés supérieurs aux REV_MCL, en particulier en termes d'efficacité de transfection. De plus, en présence d'un champ magnétique externe, l'internalisation et la transfection avec des complexes cosol_MCLs / ADNp ont été améliorées. Les cosol_MCL et leurs lipoplexes pourraient être appropriés pour être appliqués dans la délivrance systémique de gènes car ils se sont avérés ne pas être cytotoxiques pour les hépatocytes même à haute concentration. Bien que l'efficacité de ciblage sur le site de la tumeur avec un aimant, n'ait pas été très important ciblés, ces MCLs sont des agents de contraste T1 permettant d'améliorer le contraste IRM in vivo et de suivre ces agents chez la souris. Dans la deuxième partie de mon projet, diverses conditions d'échographie focalisée à haute intensité (HIFU) ont été testées in vitro pour leurs effets sur les cellules cancéreuses CT26. Nous avons constaté que la valeur seuil de la dose thermique, CEM43 ° C, pour la mort cellulaire était d'environ 10^3 minutes. De plus, un CEM43 ° C de 10 à 10^5 minutes a provoqué la libération et l'expression maximales de hsp70 dans les cellules CT26 traitées par HIFU. L'étude in vivo réalisée a permis de montrer que l'application de HIFU 80T 60s permet non seulement d'induire l'ablation de la tumeur mais aussi d'activer les cellules T cytotoxiques pour la production de TNF-a. De plus, en raison de la transfection inefficace des lipoplexes même après injection i.v ou locale, l'injection d'ADNp nu dans la tumeur a été choisie. Le pFAR4.2-mIL12 nu a été transféré avec succès et a montré certains avantages dans l'activation des cellules T. De même, le lipide cationique YUK 1350 s'est avéré stimuler l'activation des cellules T. La combinaison de ces 3 traitements a également montré un effet d'immunomodulation amélioré. En conclusion, au cours de cette thèse, une formulation de MCL a été préparée et optimisée avec succès pour la transfection in vitro. En outre, l'effet de HIFU sur les cellules CT26 a également été évaluée in vitro. Les premiers résultats de la transfection pFAR4.2-mIL12, de l'ablation HIFU, de l'injection de lipides cationiques et de leur combinaison sur la réponse immunitaire ont pu être réalisés. D'autres études devraient être menées pour optimiser la transfection avec des liposomes cationiques, la technique d'ablation HIFU et leur association pour l'immunothérapie
Schema matching and mapping-based data integration
Get PDFSchema matching aims at identifying semantic correspondences between elements of two schemas, e.g., database schemas, ontologies, and XML message formats. It is needed in many database applications, such as integration of web data sources, data warehouse loading and XML message mapping. In today's systems, schema matching is manual; a time-consuming, tedious, and error-prone process, which becomes increasingly impractical with a higher number of schemas and data sources to be dealt with. To reduce the amount of manual effort as much as possible, approaches to semi-automatically determine element correspondences are required
Internet auctions in marketing: The consumer perspective
Get PDFInternet auctions for consumer are among the most popular and most successful business models in electronic commerce. Research so far, however, has focused on prerequisites and consequences of auctions as a marketing intstrument of suppliers. Even though it is a key success factor from a marketing perspective, the demand side has not inspired similar attention. This paper focuses on the attitudes, motives, and behavior of auction customers. It shows why ccurrent beliefs about bidder characteristics are myths. Taking these misconceptions as a starting point, the existence of an experiential and a pragmatic type of auction customer is proposed. An explorative empirical study looking for the characteristics of both types of auction customers is described. Results indicate that less than half of auction shoppers in the sudy are experiential oriented. Except substantial additional demand concerning technological and emotional qualities of auctions these shoppers do not differ dramatically from pragmatic oriented shoppers. Both types are open-minded towards further development of consumer auctions to commercial marketplaces. Business models of auctioneers and suppliers should concentrate on the basic utility of the auction algorithm by facilitating individual matchmaking instead of pursuing costly additional utility by promoting the entertainment value of auctions. --
Develop an interface for model-informed prototyping of HAI interactions
No full textAs AI technology continues to advance, there's a growing need to integrate it into UX design. However, AI's unique characteristics do not seamlessly align with current design tools and mastering the technical aspects for designers is a significant challenge. The project goal is to develop a tool based on a developed semi-formal representation for Human-AI (HAI) interactions, which uses a set of communicative acts1 to specify the communicated information between users and AI models as exchanges of messages.The project followed an iterative prototyping method across 4 phases. The Pre-Phase aimed at testing communicative acts with design students using a use case ("CV-Screening") and paper materials. At the same time, it also expected to get insights on the data structure and develop the specific design considerations based on those for the Model-Informed Prototyping (MIP),Phase 1 explored effective workflows of the digital prototype to present communicative acts by following the design considerations from the Pre-Phase and using the low-fidelity digital prototype in Figma. The use case in this phase was the same as that in the Pre-Phase. In Phase 2, based on insights from the last two phases, there was a high-fidelity prototype in Figma which was inspired by the user journey map. It was used to assess if the design output achieved the design goals and considerations, and it helped the final test materials work better.The Final Phase utilizes the refined digital prototype for the final test which had the same goals as that in Phase 2, providing important insights for future development.The final output of the project is a partial prototype of a digital tool designed to facilitate the early stages of human-AI interaction design. Grounded in the principles of communicative acts and human-centered design, this tool assists designers during the Ideation stage of Design process. It achieves this by visualizing the roles, data, and information involved in the process of information exchange during Human-AI Interactions. The goal is to enhance efficiency and ease in designing these interactions.Design for Interactio
TỶ LỆ CHẾT CỦA VI KHUẨN DO PHÂN GIẢI CỦA VIRUS TRONG VỊNH NHA TRANG, NAM TRUNG BỘ, VIỆT NAM
Get PDFBacteria play an important role in microbial loop in marine waters and are strongly regulated by top-down controls by two groups, virus and microprotozoa. Bacterial mortality rates, because of viral lysis and microprotozoan grazing, were estimated using dilution method in Nha Trang bay in December 2014. The bacterial mortality rates were marked different among sampling sites and reflected by different in environmental conditions and layers in water column. In Nha Trang bay, the viral lysis on bacteria was, in similar trend with previous studies, high where their main hosts abundance, such as at surface and in the estruarine front area. Bacterial growth rate was low in Cai estuary and higher in mid of Nha Trang Bay and Hon Tam stations. The bacterial mortality rates in Nha Trang Bay were mainly because of the viral lysis (1.59-2.05 day-1) rather than of microprotozoan grazing (0.00-0.36 day-1). The microprotozoan grazing on bacteria in Cai estuary was significantly higher than in others sites (0.36 day-1 versus 0.00-0.05 day-1).Vi khuẩn có vai trò quan trọng trong vi lưới thức ăn ở biển và chịu sự chi phối top-down bởi hai nhóm chính virus và động vật nguyên sinh. Tỉ lệ chết của vi khuẩn (TLCVK) do phân giải của virus và bị ăn bởi động vật nguyên sinh trong vịnh Nha Trang, Khánh Hòa, được đánh giá sử dụng các thí nghiệm nuôi pha loãng. TLCVK có biến động khác nhau theo đặc trưng môi trường của vị trí thu mẫu và theo độ sâu trong cột nước. TLCVK do phân giải của virus cao ở tầng mặt, ở khu vực front cửa sông, và ở khu vực có độ phong phú cao của vi khuẩn thể hiện mối quan hệ giữa virus với các yếu tố môi trường và với độ phong phú của vật chủ. Tốc độ sinh trưởng của vi khuẩn thấp ở vùng cửa sông Cái và cao hơn ở vùng front cửa sông cũng như trạm Hòn Tầm. Lượng vi khuẩn trong vùng nghiên cứu mất đi chủ yếu bởi sự phân giải của virus (TLCVK biến thiên 1,59-2,05 /ngày) hơn là bị ăn bởi động vật nguyên sinh (TLCVK biến thiên 0,00-0,36 /ngày). Ở trạm cửa sông Cái, TLCVK do bị động vật nguyên sinh ăn cao hơn đáng kể so với các trạm khảo sát còn lại (0,36 /ngày so với 0,00-0,05 /ngày)
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