1,068 research outputs found
“I Began Understand Piłsudski, When I Reached His Age”. Memoirs of G.F. Matveev in the Form of Interview
No full textGennady Filippovich Matveev (born in 1943), Doctor of Historical Sciences, Honored Professor of Moscow University, Head of the Department of the History of the Southern and Western Slavs of Moscow State University, one of the leading domestic specialists in the modern history of Poland, tells about his life and professional activities at the request of the editors of the journal Slavic World in the Third Millennium. Born on the banks of the Volga, G.F. Matveev spent his childhood and youth in Western Ukraine. Since 1966, his whole life has been inextricably linked with the Moscow University, where he received a diploma in history, completed his postgraduate studies, defended his candidate's and doctoral theses, and where he has been teaching for half a century and was head of the department for more than three decades. The students of G.F. Matveev completed and defended a large number of diplomas, master's and candidate's theses, they work in different cities of the country and abroad. As a historian, G.F. Matveev invariably relies on deep researches in archives, introduces a lot of new material into circulation, his innovative research on the history of the Soviet-Polish war of 1920 caused fruitful discussions both in Russia and in Poland, prompting other historians to further research. Gennady Filippovich is the author of the first fundamental biography in Russian of the key statesman of Poland of the 20th century Józef Piƚsudski. Not limited to the problems of Polish history, G.F. Matveev turned to comparative historical research on the material of various Slavic countries, in particular, on the ideology of peasant movements in the period between the two world wars. As an author and editor, he took part in the work on textbooks on the history of the southern and western Slavs. For more than half a century, G.F. Matveev maintains close ties with the Institute of Slavic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, he is a member of the editorial boards of historical journals, both Russian and Polish.
G.F. Matveev talks about his post-war childhood, youth, impressions of his student years, about his work at the Moscow University, about his numerous trips to Poland and more than half a century of communication with Polish colleagues. He also shares his opinion on the current development and prospects of Polish studies in Russia, the possibilities for further dialogue between the two cultures
Replication package for "The Central Bank Strikes Back! Credibility of Monetary Policy under Fiscal Influence"
No full textThis replication package accompanies Camous A. and D. Matveev. "The Central Bank Strikes Back! Credibility of Monetary Policy under Fiscal Influence"
Estimation of the contribution of gaps to tritium retention in the divertor of ITER
No full textAn estimation of the contribution of gaps to beryllium deposition and resulting tritium retention in the divertor of ITER is presented. Deposition of beryllium layers in gaps of the full tungsten divertor is simulated with the 3D-GAPS code. For gaps aligned along the poloidal direction, non-shaped and shaped solutions are compared. Plasma and impurity ion fluxes from Schmid (2008 Nucl. Fusion 48 105004) are used as input. Ion penetration into gaps is considered to be geometrical along magnetic field lines. The effect of realistic ion penetration into gaps is discussed. In total, gaps in the divertor are estimated to contribute about 0.3 mgT s−1 to the overall tritium retention dominated by toroidal gaps, which are not shaped. This amount corresponds to about 7800 ITER discharges up to the safety limit of 1 kg in-vessel tritium; excluding, however, tritium release during wall baking and retention at plasma-wetted and remote areas
Transfer of a work by e-mail: copyright aspect
No full textE-mail gives the opportunity to send a work of science, literature and art to one or more addressees. Russian copyright law does not allow us to make an unambiguous conclusion about the legitimacy of such use of a work. Purpose: to determine the legal regime of the transfer of works protected by copyright through e-mail. Methods: method of formal logic, systematic structural and formal dogmatic methods are used in the analysis. The article presents two approaches to the problem under consideration. Article 1270 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation is devoted to the contents of the exclusive copyright. This article establishes an open list of methods to use a work. Accordingly, we can make a logically correct, but legally dubious conclusion that any emailing of a work is illegal. This logic is based on the questionable legal technique of art. 1270 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. The author of the paper believes that the second approach is correct. According to this approach, the content of exclusive copyright should be limited to the methods to use a work that is specified in art. 1270. Emailing of a work includes two legally significant actions with such a work: 1) the creation of an electronic copy of a work; 2) sending this copy via the information and telecommunications network as an electronic message to a specific address. The first action is the reproduction of a work. The second action is the communication to the public. The transfer of a work by e-mail is the communication to the public if access to such a work can be obtained by a significant number of persons who do not belong to the usual family circle
Modelling 3D effects in hydrogen transport and release in ion-irradiated materials with COMSOL
No full textModelling 3D effects in hydrogen transport and releasein ion-irradiated materials with COMSOLD. Matveev, Md Al-Beruni, B. Unterberg and Ch. LinsmeierForschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung - Plasmaphysik, 52425 Jülich, [email protected] of hydrogen transport, retention and release in reactor-relevant materials address the evolution of mobile and trapped hydrogen concentrations, usually described by a system of coupled partial differential equations. Usually one-dimensional (1D) transport perpendicular to the material surface is considered, which is sufficient in many cases. This approach neglects, however, some aspects of experimental setups, e.g. non-uniform distribution of the ion or plasma flux and temperature over the material sample. Modelling of non-uniform materials and hydrogen interaction with volumetric defects in the materials appears to be even more challenging in 1D. In this contribution, we present full three-dimensional (3D) reaction-diffusion simulations implemented in COMSOL Multiphysics in application to laboratory setups for fundamental studies of hydrogen-material interactions, such as ARTOSS [1, 2]. In ARTOSS, a semi-uniform surface loading with deuterium (D) ions is achieved by superposing positioning of a non-uniform ion beam on the sample surface, and thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) measurements are used to study the total retained amount and the temperature dependent release of D. Results of 3D simulations for such loading and measurement procedures are compared with the respective 1D loading approximation. It has been already shown that, assuming a simple D trapping mechanism in a uniformly distributed single trap type with strong binding, almost indistinguishable TDS profiles after 1D and 3D loading are obtained. Analysis of more complex situations with ion-induced vacancy creation and multiple-trapping in single vacancies as addressed earlier by 1D simulations for beryllium [3] will be presented. Furthermore, an effect of the presence of nanoscale bubbles in the near-surface of the material on D permeation and re-emission will be addressed with 3D simulations.[1] Ch. Linsmeier, P. Goldstraß, and K.U. Klages, Phys. Scr. T94 (2001) 28[2] M. Eichler et al., Nuclear Materials and Energy 19 (2019) 440–444[3] D. Matveev et al., Nuclear Inst. and Methods in Physics Research B 430 (2018) 23–3
A small-gain-theorem-like approach to nonlinear observability via finite capacity channels
No full textThe paper is concerned with observation of discrete-time, nonlinear, deterministic, and maybe chaotic systems via communication channels with finite data rates, with a focus on minimum data-rates needed for various types of observability. With the objective of developing tractable techniques to estimate these rates, the paper discloses benefits from regard to the operational structure of the system in the case where the system is representable as a feedback interconnection of two subsystems with inputs and outputs. To this end, a novel estimation method is elaborated, which is alike in flavor to the celebrated small gain theorem on input-to-output stability. The utility of this approach is demonstrated for general nonlinear time-delay systems by rigorously justifying an experimentally discovered phenomenon: Their topological entropy stays bounded as the delay grows without limits. This is extended on the studied observability rates and appended by constructive finite upper bounds independent of the delay. It is shown that these bounds are asymptotically tight for a time-delay analog of the bouncing ball dynamics. Team Tamas Keviczk
Computer simulations of material deposition and fuel retention in remote areas and castellated structures of fusion machines
No full textEssays in monetary and fiscal policy
No full textAquesta tesi contribueix a la literatura que analitza conjuntament la política fiscal i monetària. Des de l'inici de la crisi econòmica mundial al 2007-2008, moltes economies desenvolupades han experimentat notables fluctuacions econòmiques. La majoria de polítiques estabilitzadores en aquests països han consistit en grans estímuls fiscals que han endegat el debat sobre quines polítiques, particularment política monetària, caldrà implementar per tal de sostenir o ajustar el deute públic generat. El meu treball estudia el disseny de polítiques en un entorn dinàmic d'equilibri general on totes les forces descrites anteriorment hi tenen un paper.
En el primer capítol, utilitzo un model New Keynesian per a estudiar la política monetària i fiscal òptima en un entorn on la barrera del tipus d'interès no negatiu condueix l'economia a la trampa de la liquiditat. L'efectivitat de les polítiques en aquest entorn està determinat per si el govern pot emetre deute públic o no. Quan el govern no pot generar deute, es veu obligat a utilitzar l'instrument de la despesa. En canvi, si el govern pot generar deute, és òptim utilitzar instruments recaptadors com els impostos sobre el treball ja que les distorsions d'aquest instrument poden ajustar els problemes generats pel deute quan s'entra en la trampa de la liquiditat. A més a més, demostro que el risc de caure en la trampa de la liquiditat condueix el govern a acumular deute de manera que el risc de arribar a la barrera del tipus d'interès no negatiu.
En el segon capítol, estudio com la com la velocitat òptima del ajustament del deute públic, i el conjunt de polítiques necessàries per aconseguir-lo, depenen de l'estructura de pagaments del deute. Sota l'assumpció que el deute pren la forma de bons nominals a un període, per a nivells plausibles de deute, la sostenibilitat fiscal requereix un ràpid ajustament del deute mentre la política monetària s'encarrega d'acomodar les fluctuacions. Pagaments de deute més dissipats cap al futur alteren els incentius del govern per alterar les polítiques presents i per a fer ajustos que modifiquin el preu de l'endeutament en el futur. Tenint en compte un nivell plausible de l'escala temporal de pagaments del deute, fa l'ajustament del deute molt més gradual, cosa que està en línia amb l'evidència empírica sobre la persistència del deute públic. En el cas d'una cartera de bons, amb un període de venciment que d'anys o més, no és òptim que la política monetària s'utilitzi per a acomodar les fluctuacions.
En el tercer capítol, faig una extensió de la teoria de risc sobirà d'Uribe (2006) en l'entorn d'una unió monetària amb mercats incomplets. En aquest cas, les polítiques d'impagament no només serveixen per garantir la sostenibilitat fiscal i escapar de possibles inflacions explosives sinó que poden servir com assegurança de les llars contra risc fiscal específic de cada país. Caracteritzo analíticament una solució de les dinàmiques de primer orde del model i comparo l'equilibri amb el cas en que hi ha mercats complets. Per tal que aquest dos escenaris coincideixin, cal que la política de pagaments sigui imperfectament discriminatòria. Un resultat complementari és que, sota el supòsit discriminació imperfecta, canvis en la política monetària afecten l'economia real en els períodes d'ajustament del deute fins i tot en l'absència de rigideses nominals. Finalment, descric el disseny d'una política d'impagament que aconsegueix portar l'economia al escenari de mercat complets.This thesis contributes to the literature on the joint analysis of monetary and fiscal policy. Since the onset of the global economic downturn in 2007-2008, many advanced economies experienced large economic fluctuations. Stabilizing policy responses in those countries often included large fiscal stimulus packages that in turn triggered discussions of the policy measures---including monetary policy---that would ensure debt sustainability or perform debt adjustment if required. In my work I study policy design in the framework of dynamic general equilibrium models that capture such pressing policy issues.
In the first chapter I study optimal monetary and fiscal policy in a New Keynesian model with an occasionally binding zero lower bound that leads to liquidity trap episodes. I analyze the use of government spending and labor income tax as components of the discretionary fiscal stimulus package at the liquidity trap. Reliance on either of these instruments depends on whether the government budget is relaxed or has to be balanced. If the government has to balance its budget period by period, it relies more on the spending instrument. Varying the debt burden across time makes the government rely more on the use of labor taxes because discretionary incentives introduced by debt help to reduce the time-inconsistency problem of the tax rate response at the liquidity trap. Moreover, I show that the risk of falling into the liquidity trap leads to the accumulation of the optimal long run government debt buffer that reduces the frequency of reaching the zero lower bound.
In the second chapter I study how the speed of optimal government debt adjustment and the monetary-fiscal policy mix that implements it depend on the maturity structure of debt when policy is chosen discretionary. Under the assumption of debt taking the form of one-period nominal bonds, for plausible levels of debt, fiscal sustainability requires prompt adjustment of debt and monetary policy bears a significant burden of implementing the adjustment. Higher average maturity reduces both the incentive of the government to alter current policy and the incentive to strategically affect future self so as to improve the price of borrowing. Accounting for a plausible average maturity makes the optimal debt adjustment much more gradual, which is in line with the existing empirical evidence on the persistence of government debt. In the case of bond portfolios with the average maturity ranging from several years and higher, it is no longer optimal for monetary policy to accommodate debt adjustment.
In the thirds chapter I extend a fiscal theory of the sovereign risk by Uribe (2006) into the setting of a monetary union with incomplete markets. Default policy then not only serves the purpose of securing fiscal sustainability and escaping explosive inflation paths but at the same time can take on the role of insuring households across the union against country-specific fiscal risk. I characterize analytically a solution to the model's first-order dynamics and compare equilibrium consumption allocation against a benchmark of the perfect risk-sharing. For these two to coincide one necessary condition has to be satisfied, namely default policy has to be imperfectly discriminatory. The companion result is that, under imperfectly discriminatory default, changes in the monetary policy rule affect real economic activity during the periods of debt adjustment despite the absence of nominal rigidities. Finally, I discuss design of a simple default rule that attains perfect risk-sharing in equilibrium
Monetary policy and government debt dynamics without commitment
No full textI show that maturity considerations affect the optimal conduct of monetary and fiscal policy during a period of government debt reduction. I consider a New Keynesian model and study a dynamic game of monetary and fiscal policy authorities without commitment, characterizing the incentives that drive the choice of interest rate. The presence of longterm bonds makes government budgets less sensitive to changes in interest rates. As a result, a reduction of government debt induced by a lack of policy commitment is associated with tight monetary policy. Furthermore, the long maturity of bonds slows down the speed of debt reduction up to the rate consistent with existing empirical evidence on the persistence of government debt. Finally, the long maturity of bonds brings down the welfare loss associated with debt reduction
Isotope removal in JET-ILW long-term outgassing, wall conditioning, co-deposited layers and raised strike point plasma operation
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