1,721,020 research outputs found
H2S poisoning contamination effect on solide oxide fuel cell
No full textFuel Cells (FC) are offering global opportunities of an efficient energy system based on hydrogen technology. There are still some technical issues that have to be solved to reach the goal of large scale distribution of fuel cell based conversion systems. High temperature FC (HTFC) seems to be the most suitable to be used with current fuels, mainly methane from natural gas or syngas from biomass gasification. The main problem with these fuels is the contamination with H2S. The article investigates the resistance level of SOFC to H2S by electrochemical testing. The tests measure the effect on polarization of H2S introduction at increasing concentration and investigates the possibility of recovering with standard hydrogen concentration. The analysis is a first step to a complete model that predicts the effect of H2S in solid oxide fuel cells depending on fuel cell type, anode design and operation conditions
Erratum to “Kinetic modelling of molten carbonate fuel cells: Effects of cathode water and electrode materials” (Journal of Power Sources (2016) 330 (18–27)(S0378775316311430) (10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.08.123))
No full textThe publisher regrets that caption text has been incorrectly placed for Figures 5 and 8. The corrections are as follows: • Part of the caption for Figure 5 appears on p. 23 “c) H2O molar fraction of 30% ... the water presence at the cathode side (dashed line)”. This should be deleted.• Part of the caption for Figure 8 appears on p. 24 “(b) map of the anode CO2 molar fraction values ... with no water vapour in the cathode feed”. This should be appended to the end of the current caption for Figure 8 with the lettering amended. The full caption of Figure 8 should be: “Fig. 8. (a) Map of the current density values over the surface of the cell working in the reference conditions (b) map of the anode CO2 molar fraction values over the surface of the cell working in reference conditions; maps of the cathode polarization resistance values over the surfaces of the cell: (c) shows the map of the resistance of a cell fed with 30% of water vapour, while (d) shows the map of resistance of a cell with no water vapour in the cathode feed.”The publisher would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused
Experimental Comparison and Performance Evaluation of Planar Solid Oxide Single Cell
No full textNowadays, in a world characterized by the need to reduce the production of pollutants, by global climate changes, by the progressive lack of availability of cheap fossil fuels, one of the most important goals of scientific research is to design systems that can provide energy with low environmental impact. Planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) are considered to be power generators with high efficiency independent on size and low emissions. Fuel cell laboratory (FCLab) of University of Perugia has focused his studies on SOFC operating at high temperature (800–1000°C), characterized by greater flexibility in the choice of fuel. This study focuses on definition and realization of experimental test able to define the quality of a SOFC single cell and on the effect of test condition parameter. The performance of the cell is evaluated via polarization curves realized in different external conditions. Area Specific Resistance (ASR) is used as main test output. Results analysis confirm that ASR gives important information on fuel cell performance and can be used to compare an qualify SOFC single cell
Characterization of 100w SOFC stack fed by carbon monoxide rich fuels
No full textThe rapid growth in terms of efficiency and performance of the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) technology in recent years has led SOFC to be one of the possible solutions for the exploitation of different types of fuels obtained from fossil or renewable sources.
A lot of processes, such as waste incineration or anaerobic digestion, during operation produce exhaust gases that can be efficiently exploited in SOFC systems. SOFCs, thanks to their operating condition, run with standard fuels such hydrogen and methane as well as fuel waste gas, like biogas or landfill gas, or gas plant, like pyrogas.
The aim of this work is to compare the performance of an 100W stack SOFC when it is fed by different fuel compositions
Carbon capture with molten carbonate fuel cells: Experimental tests and fuel cell performance assessment
No full textMolten carbonate fuel cells (MCFCs) may operate as CO2 separators and concentrators while generating electric power, being thus a very interesting candidate to be used as carbon capture systems in fossil fired power plants.The main aim of this work is to understand the MCFC performance, its potential and efficiency to separate CO2 from the exhaust gas of fossil fired power plants and the effect of critical parameters such as the cathodic carbon dioxide concentration (XCO2) and utilization (UCO2), as well as the partial pressure ratio between oxygen and carbon dioxide (PO2/PCO2) and other parameters such as the oxygen concentration (XO2), utilization (UO2) and the total cathodic flow rate (Qcat). This was achieved by studying the experimental behaviour of a single MCFC when it is fed with a mixture simulating the composition of the exhaust gases of a combined heat and power plant, in order to point out potential limitations in the fuel cell operating conditions.In particular, the carbon dioxide concentration in the cathodic section was shown to be a critical factor at low values, that can both induce quick voltage drops and make the cell sensitive to the other parameters, which are otherwise not so important
Economics of innovative high capacity-to-power energy storage technologies pointing at 100% renewable micro-grids
No full textIntermittency and unpredictability of variable renewable energy sources, as well as the mismatch between generation and users’ demand, are the major hurdles to overcome looking at 100% renewable grids. Energy storage (ES) technologies are the answer to this question, yet high market costs are still compared to market parity. For the possibility to decouple capacity and power, hence tailoring the energy storage features according to the main functions required, the solutions investigated are based on Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries (VRFBs) and Reversible Solid Oxide Cells (rSOC). In low interconnected micro-grids, the decoupled sizing of capacity and power is an essential feature to attain higher cost-effectiveness. Current metrics for the economics of renewable energy storage fail to a large extent in assessing the value of stored energy, especially when the power source is scarcely predictable. This paper presents improved techno-economic metrics to compare high capacity-to-power ES technologies for renewable-based micro-grids. The new metrics synthetically translates energy efficiency and quality of system integration into monetary terms, going beyond the classic definition of Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE). Then, they provide a tool to understand where the main causes of payback deferral stand. For the case-study analysed, different storage assets (VRFB, rSOC and hybrid rSOC) for installations in households featuring 25 kWh bulk capacity and 1.5 kW discharging power are evaluated. The LCOE is equal to 0.438€‧kWh−1, 0.739€‧kWh−1 and 0.769€‧kWh−1 for VRFB, rSOC and hybrid rSOC respectively. Yet, considering the unit of stored energy, the hybrid rSOC storage system is more convenient than the basic rSOC (2.05€‧kWh−1 versus 2.61€‧kWh−1), but far less cheap than VRFBs (0.560€‧kWh−1)
Lenalidomide can induce graft versus leukemia effect in primary plasma cell leukemia: a case report.
No full textCharacterization of a 100 W SOFC stack fed by carbon monoxide rich fuels
No full textThis paper presents the evaluation of the performance of a 100 W Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) stack with CO rich fuels as anode gas. The study aims at measuring the Open Circuit Voltage (OCV) and the Area Specific Resistance (ASR) when the amount of CO in the anode flow varies from 0 to 40% in volume. At the same time, the FCTestQA procedures were applied and evaluated as methodology for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell testing. The theoretical OCV was measured considering both H2 and CO oxidation and the water gas shift reaction. The OCV values, as a function of CO concentration, resulted closely related to theoretical ones and the ASR value, calculated for different mixtures of fuel, did not change with anode gas composition and it seemed to be a function of the temperature and the degradation of the materials only
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