2,484 research outputs found
sj-docx-1-nah-10.1177_02601060211032886 - Supplemental material for Examining correlates of feeding practices among parents of preschoolers
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-nah-10.1177_02601060211032886 for Examining correlates of feeding practices among parents of preschoolers by Deepa Srivastava, Lucy R. Zheng and Dipti A. Dev in Nutrition and Health</p
Head Start and child care providers' feeding practices: a potential avenue for obesity prevention in young children
No full textThe Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics released a position statement in 2012 regarding benchmarks for nutrition in child care to establish healthful eating behaviors in early childhood and prevent obesity in young children. Further, recent publications by the Institute of Medicine and national organizations have recommended specific feeding practices for child care providers to be implemented at the state-level to prevent early childhood obesity in preschool children. Although over 12 million US children in child care consuming up to 5 meals and snacks per day in such settings, little is known about child care providers’ feeding practices.
The purpose of this dissertation was to examine provider’s feeding practices in Head Start and child care programs with the following aims 1) To assess whether providers met the Academy’s benchmarks and if attainment of benchmarks varied across child care contexts (Head Start [HS], Child and Adult Care Food Program [CACFP] and non-CACFP). 2) To identify determinants of child care providers’ healthful and controlling feeding practices for 2-5y-old children. 3) To identify Head Start and child care provider’s motivators, barriers and facilitators for using family style meal service (FSMS) during child care mealtimes.
Cross-sectional data was collected in 2011 and 2012 where 118 child care providers from 24 center-based programs (6 Head Start [HS], 11 Child and Adult Care Food Program [CACFP] funded, 7 non-CACFP) completed self-administered surveys regarding their feeding practices for 2-5-year-old children. Chi-square tests and Analysis of variance were used to determine variation in meeting benchmarks across contexts. Multi-level multivariate linear regression models were used to predict seven feeding practices- healthful (allowing children to control their food intake, role modeling healthy eating and teaching children about nutrition) and controlling (pressuring children to eat and restricting access to food for health or weight control). For aim 3, qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with a subset of providers based on maximum variation purposive sampling. The interviews were lead until saturation was reached and the data was coded using thematic analysis by NVivo qualitative software.
It was found that HS providers had greater compliance with the Academy’s benchmarks compared to CACFP and non-CACFP providers. HS providers sat more frequently with children during meals (P=0.01), ate the same foods as children (P=0.001) and served meals family-style (P<0.0001) more often, compared to CACFP and non-CACFP providers. HS providers (P=0.002), parents (P=0.001) and children (P=0.01) received more nutrition education opportunities compared to CACFP and non-CACFP. HS providers encouraged more balance and variety of foods (P<0.05), offered healthier foods (P<0.05), modeled healthy eating (P<0.001), and taught children about nutrition (P<0.001) compared to CACFP and non-CACFP providers. Providers across all three contexts used significantly more non-internal than internal mealtime verbal comments (P<0.0001).
Regarding predictors of provider’s feeding practices; working in a HS center predicted teaching children about nutrition and modeling healthy eating; that may be attributed to the HS performance standards which require HS providers to practice healthful feeding. Providers who reported being concerned about children’s weight, responsible for feeding children and had an authoritarian feeding style were more likely to pressure children to eat, restrict intake, and control food intake to decrease or maintain children’s weight. Providers with non-White race, who were trying to lose weight, perceived nutrition as important in their own diet, and had greater number of nutrition training opportunities were more likely to use restrictive feeding practices. Findings suggest that individual and child care level factors, particularly provider race, education, training, feeding attitudes and styles and the child care context may influence providers’ feeding practices with young children.
A qualitative investigation of the motivators, barriers and facilitators for using family style meal service (FSMS) from the perspective of 18 child care providers revealed that HS and CACFP providers were motivated to use FSMS because it created pleasant mealtimes, opportunities to role model healthy eating, and healthful child development. CACFP and non-CACFP providers reported not using FSMS because it was resource intensive, messy, unhygienic, and seemed to violate CACFP policy. HS and CACFP providers recommended strategies to overcome these barriers. They suggested that FSMS becomes easier with practice and teaching children self-help skills during play time can avoid messes during mealtimes.
Possible reasons for an increased compliance of HS providers to the Academy’s benchmarks may be attributed to HS federal performance standards for child nutrition and increased nutrition training opportunities for HS staff. HS programs can serve as a model in implementing the Academy’s benchmarks. Considering the predictors of providers feeding practices identified by this study when developing interventions, may add to the efficacy of childhood obesity prevention programs. The present research offers new insights not only regarding providers’ barriers to FSMS, but also strategies from providers to help overcome these barriers and allow for effective implementation of FSMS in child care settings. Providers should be encouraged to adopt FSMS, because the long-term health consequences and learning opportunities of FSMS outweigh any barriers related to its practical implementation. By strengthening policies and training that are more aligned with the Academy’s benchmarks, child care providers can be in a unique position to prevent childhood obesity by instilling positive eating behaviors related to self-regulation of the preschool-aged children in their care.Item withdrawn by Laura Spradlin ([email protected]) on 2013-11-25T23:14:56Z
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Corrigendum to Programmed cell death in the lithium pilocarpine model: Evidence for NMDA receptor and ceramide-mediated mechanisms [Brain Dev 30 (2008) 513-519] (DOI:10.1016-j.braindev.2008.01.002)
No full text[No abstract available]Mikati MA, 2008, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V30, P513, DOI 10.1016-j.braindev.2008.01.0020
Participation in the CACFP Ensures Availability but not Intake of Nutritious Foods at Lunch in Preschool Children in Child-Care Centers
No full textBackground — The US Department of Agriculture Child and Adult Care Food program (CACFP) recently (October 2017) updated requirements for meal reimbursement and best practice recommendations for serving nutritious meals and beverages, and minimum age-specific serving sizes for five food groups. It is not known whether CACFPfunded child-care centers are meeting the updated meal pattern requirements and best practice recommendations, and whether children are meeting nutrition recommendations based on the current 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA). Objective This study assessed whether the recruited CACFP-funded child-care centers in this study were meeting the updated (2017) CACFP requirements regarding foods served for lunch and whether children attending these child-care centers were meeting ageand sex-specific DGA recommendations regarding foods consumed.
Design — This was a cross-sectional study using the Dietary Observation for Child Care method.
Participants and settings — Children aged 3 to 5 years (n 108) from 10 classrooms in three CACFP-funded child-care centers in Lincoln, NE, were recruited by convenience sampling during spring 2018.
Measurable outcomes — Food served and consumed during observed lunches in comparison with updated CACFP requirements and DGA, respectively.
Statistical analysis — Adjusted mean amounts of foods served from each food group were compared with age specific minimum CACFP serving size requirements. Adjusted mean amounts of foods consumed from each food group were then compared with ageand sex-specific DGA recommendations.
Results — The recruited child-care centers were meeting the updated CACFP requirements regarding foods served but showed limited adherence to the best practice recommendations during the observed lunches. However, the overall mean intake for grains, fruits, and vegetables was significantly lower (P\u3c0.01) than DGA recommendations. In addition, approximately 25% of the children did not consume any vegetables during their meal.
Conclusions — Although child-care centers were meeting the updated CACFP requirements by serving the recommended amounts of foods, children were not meeting DGA-recommended intakes. Future studies are needed to explore ways to improve adherence to best practice recommendations to improve children’s consumption of healthy foods in child-care centers
Transformation of mucocartilage to a definitive cartilage during metamorphosis in the sea lamprey, Petromyzon-marinus
No full textPT: J; CR: ARCHER CW, 1982, CELL DIFFER, V11, P245 BROWDER LW, 1980, DEV BIOL, P577 CAPLAN AI, 1973, J EMBRYOL EXP MORPH, V29, P571 DAMAS H, 1935, ARCH BIOL, V46, P171 DARNELL J, 1986, MOL CELL BIOL EDE DA, 1983, CARTILAGE, V2, P143 EIKENBERRY EF, 1984, J MOL BIOL, V176, P261 FOX H, 1975, J EMBRYOL EXP MORPH, V34, P191 FUKUDA Y, 1984, AM J ANAT, V170, P597 GODMAN GC, 1960, J BIOPHYS BIOCHEM CY, V8, P719 GOEL SC, 1970, J EMBRYOL EXPTL MORP, V23, P169 GOSS RJ, 1972, AM ZOOL, V12, P151 GOULD RP, 1972, EXP CELL RES, V72, P325 HALL BK, 1978, DEV CELLULAR SKELETA, P86 HAM AW, 1979, HISTOLOGY HARDISTY MW, 1971, BIOL LAMPREYS, V1, P127 HARDISTY MW, 1971, BIOL LAMPREYS, V1, P85 HARDISTY MW, 1981, BIOL LAMPREYS, V3, P333 HASTY KA, 1981, DEV BIOL, V86, P198 HASTY KA, 1983, J HISTOCHEM CYTOCHEM, V31, P1367 HEASMAN J, 1978, J EMBRYOL EXP MORPH, V46, P119 HORNBRUCH A, 1970, NATURE, V226, P764 HUNZIKER EB, 1982, J ULTRASTRUCT RES, V81, P1 JANNERS MY, 1970, DEV BIOL, V23, P136 JOHNELS A, 1948, ACTA ZOOL-STOCKHOLM, V29, P139 JURAND A, 1965, P ROY SOC B, V162, P387 KIMURA S, 1982, COMP BIOCH PHYSL, V73, P335 KOSHER RA, 1980, J EMBRYOL EXP MORPH, V56, P91 KOSHER RA, 1983, CARTILAGE, V1, P59 LASH JW, 1978, DEV BIOL, V66, P151 LINSENMAYER TF, 1981, CELL BIOL EXTRACELLU, P5 MANGIA F, 1970, ARCH ANAT MICROSC MO, V59, P283 MARTIN GR, 1985, TRENDS BIOCHEM SCI, V10, P285 MILLER EJ, 1969, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V64, P1264 NATHANSON MA, 1980, DEV BIOL, V78, P301 OLSON M, 1971, AM J ANAT, V131, P197 POTTER IC, 1978, CAN J ZOOL, V56, P561 SCHMIDT AJ, 1968, CELLULAR BIOL VERTEB SCHNEIDER A, 1879, ANATOMIE ENTWICKELUN, P85 SEARLS RL, 1972, DEV BIOL, V28, P123 SHEEHAN DC, 1980, THEORY PRACTICE HIST SHELDON H, 1983, CARTILAGE, V1, P87 SHEREN SB, 1986, COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B, V85, P5 SHORE RC, 1981, J ANAT, V133, P67 STOCKWELL RA, 1979, BIOL CARTILAGE CELLS STUDNICKA FK, 1897, ARCH MIKROSK ANAT, V48, P606 SUMMERBELL D, 1973, NATURE, V244, P492 THOROGOOD PV, 1975, J EMBRYOL EXP MORPH, V33, P581 VONDERMARK K, 1979, CLIN ORTHOP RELAT R, V139, P185 WATENABE K, 1974, CELL TISS RES, V155, P321 WRIGHT GM, 1982, AM J ANAT, V165, P39 WRIGHT GM, 1983, AM J ANAT, V167, P59 WRIGHT GM, 1983, EXPERIENTIA, V39, P495 WRIGHT GM, 1984, CAN J ZOOL, V62, P2445 YOUSON JH, 1979, CAN J ZOOL, V57, P1808 YOUSON JH, 1982, J MORPHOL, V171, P89; NR: 56; TC: 10; J9: J MORPHOL; PG: 21; GA: K6234Source type: Electronic(1
A role for SUMO modification in transcriptional repression and activation
No full textSince the discovery of the SUMO (small ubiquitin-related modifier) family of proteins just over a decade ago, a plethora of substrates have been uncovered including many regulators of transcription. Conjugation of SUMO to target proteins has generally been considered as a repressive modification. However, there are now a growing number of examples where SUMOylation has been shown to activate transcription. Here, we discuss whether there is something intrinsically repressive about SUMOylation, or if the outcome of this modification in the context of transcription will prove to be largely substrate-dependent. We highlight some of the technical challenges that will be faced by attempting to answer this question
Analyzing sustainability knowledge in the Arab world
No full textBuilding sustainability knowledge on the web is a vital path towards surpassing the barriers that could hinder sustainable development in any country in general. This paper presents the results of examining digital sustainability knowledge in the Arab world. A thorough examination and statistical analysis were performed on sustainable development websites that exist in all Arab countries during a specific period of time. The Global System for Sustainable Development (GSSD) is the knowledge management system used to store the sustainability knowledge in the region. The system is designed to be used by decision makers, scientists, educators and knowledge seekers. The main strength of the system is that it points users to needed knowledge on sustainable development that exists on the web. The search engine is the main driver and speakers of different languages can use it. Results indicate that most of the Arab countries have the same sustainable knowledge profile by showing existing problems and not solutions. Most of the information deals with issues related to wars and conflicts, migration and dislocation, and unmet basic needs, which reflect the political and social situation in many Arab countries. The paper concludes with some recommendations on how to improve sustainability knowledge on the web in the region. © 2010 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd. and ERP Environment.Bagheri A, 2007, SUSTAIN DEV, V15, P83, DOI 10.1002-sd.310; Basiago A. D., 1995, Sustainable Development (Bradford), V3, P109, DOI 10.1002-sd.3460030302; Choucri N, 2007, ALLIANCE GLOB SUSTAI, V11, P1, DOI 10.1007-978-1-4020-6071-7; Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA), 2005, Digital Arabic Content: Opportunities, Priorities and Strategies; Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA), 2005, REG PROF INF SOC W A; Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA), 2005, Statistical Information System ESIS; European Information Technology Observatory (EITO), 2002, About Digital Europe Project; Goldsmith E., 1972, ECOLOGIST, V2, P1; Hull Z, 2008, SUSTAIN DEV, V16, P73, DOI 10.1002-sd.337; Internet World Statistics (IWS), 2007, WORLD INT US POP STA; Johnson S, 2008, Politecnico Di Milano.; Khordagui H, 2004, SUSTAINABLE DEV ARAB; Kirsop B., 2007, ACCESS SCI KNOWLEDGE, P52; Mezher T, 1997, Sustainable Development, V5, P55, DOI 10.1002-(SICI)1099-1719(199708)5:255::AID-SD683.0.CO;2-L; Mezher T, 2002, SUSTAIN DEV, V10, P69, DOI 10.1002-sd.183; Minitab, 2008, More about Minitab Inc; Noamani D, 2008, Building Sustainability Knowledge in the Arab World Using the Global System For Sustainable Development; SMAP, 2008, Private Sector and Sustainable Development; UNDP (United Nations Development Programme), 2007, FIGHT CLIM CHANG HUM; United Nations, 2003, AR HUM DEV REP; United Nations (UN), 2007, The Millennium Development Goals in the Arab Region 2007: a Youth Lens; Upham P, 2000, SUSTAIN DEV, V8, P180, DOI 10.1002-1099-1719(200011)8:4180::AID-SD1433.3.CO;2-I; Warschauer M, 2003, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIAL INCLUSION - RETHINKING THE DIGITAL DIVIDE, P1; WCED, 1987, OUR COMM FUT REP WOR; World Wildlife Foundation (WWF), 2002, Sustainability at the Speed of Light-Opportunities and Challenges for Tomorrow's Society0
Photon-bunching in ground-based submillimeter-wave astronomy
No full textDESHIMA (the Deep Spectroscopic High-Redshift Mapper) is a 347 channel superconducting spectrometer with spectral resolution R =500 that operates in the range of 220GHz to 440GHz and can therefore accurately measure the frequency of spectral lines in order to calculate redshift z.This report investigates the sensitivity of DESHIMA-like spectrometers by investigating photon noise due to Poisson and bunching effects. It gives a broad overview of photon statistics and explains, through an analogous model, that photon bunching occurs due to an underlying change in the probabilistics, rather than the act of detecting itself. After that I investigate photon and quasiparticle recombination noise for a DESHIMA-like spectrometer with Lorentzian filters and find a closed form equation for NEP per channel for a constant power spectral density arriving at the filters.Previously the bandwidth of the filters was assumed to be negligible, resulting in an overestimation of the bunching. Because the photons that are impinging on the detector span a bigger bandwidth, the bunching is a factor of π/2 smaller than previously approximated.This NEPτ is defined at an integration time of τ=0.5s. For other integration times this is scalable, however this will only hold while the integration time is much bigger than the coherence time τ≫tcoh. Because of the correlation between photons arriving shorter than a coherence time apart, the scaling of the NEPτ drops in cases when τ≫̸tcoh.Finally I propose and describe modifications to the sensitivity model DESHIMA uses. The following features have been be improved and added:- Integrate over the entire power spectrum when calculating photon noise- Use arbritatry filter designs loaded from a file- Improve estimations of the quantities that express sensitivityI compare the proposed modifications to the old model, which has previously been compared with measurement results, and use it to validate the changes. Other than the previously mentioned factor of π/2 for the bunching term and the smoothing out in local extrema, the modified simulation results are similar to the old model. This is because the Lorentzian filters have a small bandwidth ν≫Δν, such that the previous narrowband approximation held for most non-extreme cases.https://joristiebosch.github.io/thesis/ Interactive version available https://github.com/deshima-dev/deshima-sensitivity Python model described in ThesisDESHIMAApplied Physic
open-AIMS/ADRIA.jl: v0.7.0-dev.1
No full textWhat's Changed
Update use of functions due to new import approach by @ConnectedSystems in https://github.com/open-AIMS/ADRIA.jl/pull/334
Migrate from SnoopPrecompile to PrecompileTools by @timholy in https://github.com/open-AIMS/ADRIA.jl/pull/335
Add planning horizon factor by @ConnectedSystems in https://github.com/open-AIMS/ADRIA.jl/pull/336
Replace use of area attribute/field with call to function site_area() to ensure correct values by @ConnectedSystems in https://github.com/open-AIMS/ADRIA.jl/pull/337
Remove reference to defunct fields when making factors constant by @ConnectedSystems in https://github.com/open-AIMS/ADRIA.jl/pull/338
Make use of planning horizon in sims by @ConnectedSystems in https://github.com/open-AIMS/ADRIA.jl/pull/340
Changes to support running ADRIA with external model (ReefMod Engine) data by @ConnectedSystems in https://github.com/open-AIMS/ADRIA.jl/pull/341
CompatHelper: add new compat entry for SimpleWeightedGraphs at version 1, (keep existing compat) by @github-actions in https://github.com/open-AIMS/ADRIA.jl/pull/343
CompatHelper: add new compat entry for OrderedCollections at version 1, (keep existing compat) by @github-actions in https://github.com/open-AIMS/ADRIA.jl/pull/344
CompatHelper: bump compat for StatsBase to 0.34, (keep existing compat) by @github-actions in https://github.com/open-AIMS/ADRIA.jl/pull/345
Split ADRIA-mod domain definition by @ConnectedSystems in https://github.com/open-AIMS/ADRIA.jl/pull/346
Add GBR zones by priority by @ConnectedSystems in https://github.com/open-AIMS/ADRIA.jl/pull/347
Exit with error if given path is not a directory by @ConnectedSystems in https://github.com/open-AIMS/ADRIA.jl/pull/350
Make Aviz into an extension package by @ConnectedSystems in https://github.com/open-AIMS/ADRIA.jl/pull/349
CompatHelper: add new compat entry for Reexport at version 1, (keep existing compat) by @github-actions in https://github.com/open-AIMS/ADRIA.jl/pull/351
CompatHelper: add new compat entry for ImageMagick at version 1, (keep existing compat) by @github-actions in https://github.com/open-AIMS/ADRIA.jl/pull/352
Update bleaching mortality model to align with published paper by @ConnectedSystems in https://github.com/open-AIMS/ADRIA.jl/pull/354
Add option to use JMcDM functions in ADRIA site selection by @Rosejoycrocker in https://github.com/open-AIMS/ADRIA.jl/pull/348
Address mismatched number of elements under certain conditions by @ConnectedSystems in https://github.com/open-AIMS/ADRIA.jl/pull/358
Remove Copras method due to erroring by @Rosejoycrocker in https://github.com/open-AIMS/ADRIA.jl/pull/359
CompatHelper: bump compat for HypothesisTests to 0.11, (keep existing compat) by @github-actions in https://github.com/open-AIMS/ADRIA.jl/pull/363
CompatHelper: add new compat entry for JMcDM at version 0.7, (keep existing compat) by @github-actions in https://github.com/open-AIMS/ADRIA.jl/pull/362
Update documentation by @ConnectedSystems in https://github.com/open-AIMS/ADRIA.jl/pull/361
Scenario discovery docs by @ConnectedSystems in https://github.com/open-AIMS/ADRIA.jl/pull/364
Fix: Metric errors when applied to a single simulation by @ConnectedSystems in https://github.com/open-AIMS/ADRIA.jl/pull/365
Address ranking errors in mcda outputs by @Rosejoycrocker in https://github.com/open-AIMS/ADRIA.jl/pull/367
Add temporal clustering by @Zapiano in https://github.com/open-AIMS/ADRIA.jl/pull/370
Fix incorrect type check by @Zapiano in https://github.com/open-AIMS/ADRIA.jl/pull/371
CompatHelper: add new compat entry for Clustering at version 0.15, (keep existing compat) by @github-actions in https://github.com/open-AIMS/ADRIA.jl/pull/372
CompatHelper: bump compat for Zarr to 0.9, (keep existing compat) by @github-actions in https://github.com/open-AIMS/ADRIA.jl/pull/373
Update time series clustering and add visualization functionality by @Zapiano in https://github.com/open-AIMS/ADRIA.jl/pull/374
Update scenario viz by @ConnectedSystems in https://github.com/open-AIMS/ADRIA.jl/pull/355
Refactor run_scenarios to improve when running multiple rcps by @Zapiano in https://github.com/open-AIMS/ADRIA.jl/pull/376
Bump version number and add new author by @Zapiano in https://github.com/open-AIMS/ADRIA.jl/pull/378
Update docstrings for growth function by @ConnectedSystems in https://github.com/open-AIMS/ADRIA.jl/pull/375
Add map visualization - displays k-area by @ConnectedSystems in https://github.com/open-AIMS/ADRIA.jl/pull/356
Consider near-term conditions with greater weight than far-future conditions by @ConnectedSystems in https://github.com/open-AIMS/ADRIA.jl/pull/387
Changes to number of species in ADRIA by @Rosejoycrocker in https://github.com/open-AIMS/ADRIA.jl/pull/380
Temporal clustering for spatial data by @Zapiano in https://github.com/open-AIMS/ADRIA.jl/pull/382
New Contributors
@timholy made their first contribution in https://github.com/open-AIMS/ADRIA.jl/pull/335
@Zapiano made their first contribution in https://github.com/open-AIMS/ADRIA.jl/pull/370
Full Changelog: https://github.com/open-AIMS/ADRIA.jl/compare/v0.5.0...v0.7.0-dev.
Mealtime emotional climate and child health: A systematic review
No full textBackground: Positive mealtime emotional climate (MEC) has been linked to better nutrition, psychosocial, literacy and academic outcomes, and fewer behavior problems. However, MEC has been defined in a variety of ways across studies, limiting the ability to synthesize findings and plan future research.
Objective: To identify which child characteristics are associated with MEC and to determine how previous studies have measured MEC.
Methods: We searched three databases (1980–2020) for peer-reviewed articles measuring MEC. Inclusion criteria required at least one child-level outcome related to physical, nutritional, or developmental health; children aged 0–18 years old; and quantitative data using cohort, case-control, intervention, or experimental designs. We used a previously published taxonomy to categorize child/adolescent characteristics as correlates, non-correlates, unclear, or as having insufficient evidence, according to the amount of evidence linking them to MEC. Additionally, we extracted data about the measures and definitions of MEC from each included article.
Results: Out of 668 unique studies identified in the initial search after duplicates removed, 14 met inclusion criteria, and only three used the same measure of MEC. Healthful dietary intake, disordered eating behaviors, and weight/BMI were categorized as correlates of MEC, but links to unhealthy dietary intake are unclear. Several characteristics (e.g. temperament, academic success) were examined in one study only.
Conclusions: Future research should examine the relationship between MEC and child psychosocial child outcomes and utilize a preschool age group. These findings aid in conceptualizing how MEC has been defined and measured and illuminate the importance of MEC on children\u27s health
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