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FIGURE 1 in A new species of Haliclona (Flagellia) Van Soest, 2017 (Porifera, Demospongiae, Heteroscleromorpha) from the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada
No full textFIGURE 1. Haliclona (Flagellia) xenomorpha sp. nov. A. Holotype ARC 81426. B. Paratype ARC 81428 showing portions of smooth surface. C. Specimen with smooth surface along an inner portion. D. Large multispecies catch with H. (F.) xenomorpha sp. nov. (white arrows) and Mycale lingua (Bowerbank, 1866) (black arrows). E, F. Skeleton.Published as part of Dinn, Curtis, 2020, A new species of Haliclona (Flagellia) Van Soest, 2017 (Porifera, Demospongiae, Heteroscleromorpha) from the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada, pp. 391-395 in Zootaxa 4778 (2) on page 392, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4778.2.10, http://zenodo.org/record/382618
FIGURE 5. Mycale lingua. A. Specimen collected. B in Sponge (Porifera) fauna of Frobisher Bay, Baffin Island, Canada with the description of an Iophon rich sponge garden
No full textFIGURE 5. Mycale lingua. A. Specimen collected. B. Sponge in situ, scale bar is 6 cm. C, D. Style/mycalostyles. E–G. Anisochelae I. H–J. Anisochelae II. K. Sigma. L. Raphide.Published as part of Dinn, Curtis, Edinger, Evan & Leys, Sally P., 2019, Sponge (Porifera) fauna of Frobisher Bay, Baffin Island, Canada with the description of an Iophon rich sponge garden, pp. 301-325 in Zootaxa 4576 (2) on page 314, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4576.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/262495
FIGURE 6. Tetilla sibirica. A, C in Sponge (Porifera) fauna of Frobisher Bay, Baffin Island, Canada with the description of an Iophon rich sponge garden
No full textFIGURE 6. Tetilla sibirica. A, C. Sponge in situ with echinoderms attached, scale bars are 6 cm. B, D. Specimen collected. E, K. Anatriaenes. F. Small oxea. G, H. Sigmaspires. I. Protriaene. J. Large Oxea.Published as part of Dinn, Curtis, Edinger, Evan & Leys, Sally P., 2019, Sponge (Porifera) fauna of Frobisher Bay, Baffin Island, Canada with the description of an Iophon rich sponge garden, pp. 301-325 in Zootaxa 4576 (2) on page 316, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4576.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/262495
Sponge (Porifera) fauna of Frobisher Bay, Baffin Island, Canada with the description of an Iophon rich sponge garden
No full textDinn, Curtis, Edinger, Evan, Leys, Sally P. (2019): Sponge (Porifera) fauna of Frobisher Bay, Baffin Island, Canada with the description of an Iophon rich sponge garden. Zootaxa 4576 (2): 301-325, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4576.2.
FIGURE 4 in Geographic range extensions of stalked, flabelliform sponges (Porifera) from eastern Canada with a new combination of a species of Plicatellopsis in the North Atlantic
No full textFIGURE 4. Semisuberites cribrosa (Miklucho-Maclay 1870). A–C. collected specimens showing long stalks; D. spicules, styles of various sizes; E. skeleton.Published as part of Dinn, Curtis, Leys, Sally P., Roussel, Mylène & Méthé, Denise, 2020, Geographic range extensions of stalked, flabelliform sponges (Porifera) from eastern Canada with a new combination of a species of Plicatellopsis in the North Atlantic, pp. 301-321 in Zootaxa 4755 (2) on page 311, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4755.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/373361
FIGURE 6 in Geographic range extensions of stalked, flabelliform sponges (Porifera) from eastern Canada with a new combination of a species of Plicatellopsis in the North Atlantic
No full textFIGURE 6. Plicatellopsis bowerbanki (Vosmaer, 1885) comb. nov. spicules and skeleton. A. spicules; B. detail of slight tyle; C,D. SEM of tylostyle I; E,F. SEM of tylostyle II; G. skeleton of Baffin Bay specimen, ectosomal skeleton of spicule brushes are visible at the surface; H. skeleton of BMNH 1910.1.1.1477 (from lectotype).Published as part of Dinn, Curtis, Leys, Sally P., Roussel, Mylène & Méthé, Denise, 2020, Geographic range extensions of stalked, flabelliform sponges (Porifera) from eastern Canada with a new combination of a species of Plicatellopsis in the North Atlantic, pp. 301-321 in Zootaxa 4755 (2) on page 316, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4755.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/373361
FIGURE 2 in Sponge (Porifera) fauna of Frobisher Bay, Baffin Island, Canada with the description of an Iophon rich sponge garden
No full textFIGURE 2. Examples of the diversity of sponges, associated animals, and of substrate types in Frobisher Bay recorded during an ROV dive near Hill Island. A. Crinoids and ophiuroids perch on a sandy bottom. B. The sponge Tetilla sibirica with seastar, crinoids, and other sponges attached. C. Solitary tunicates and loose kelp (green). D. Tunicates and the sponge Iophon koltuni with Arcturus baffini isopods attached. E. A garden of I. koltuni. F, G. Sponges growing on bedrock outcrops. Scale bars 6 cm.Published as part of Dinn, Curtis, Edinger, Evan & Leys, Sally P., 2019, Sponge (Porifera) fauna of Frobisher Bay, Baffin Island, Canada with the description of an Iophon rich sponge garden, pp. 301-325 in Zootaxa 4576 (2) on page 306, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4576.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/262495
Haliclona (Flagellia) Van Soest 2017, sp. nov.
No full textSubgenus <i>Haliclona (Flagellia)</i> Van Soest, 2017 <p> <b> <i>Haliclona (Flagellia) xenomorpha</i> sp. nov.</b> </p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 83A1F469-C799-4D43-865F-C9D9C593E7BA</p> <p> <b>Type specimens.</b> Holotype: ARC 81426, north of Brion Island, Canada (48.0568N, 61.50641W), 69 m depth, DFO <i>CCGS Teleost</i> RV Survey, September 17, 2018.</p> <p> Paratypes: ARC 81427, central Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada (47.9871N, 63.0248W), 63.5 m depth, DFO <i>CCGS Teleost</i> RV Survey, September 13, 2018; ARC 81428, East of Cap d’Espoir, Canada (48.3587N, 63.6829W), 49 m depth, DFO snow crab survey aboard the <i>Jean Mathieu,</i> August 17, 2018.</p> <p> <b>External morphology.</b> (Fig. 1 A–D). Massively encrusting with raised oscula. The sponge is very friable and is thus often broken into pieces upon collection. The largest specimens are over 10 cm in diameter, but no consistent growth form is apparent. Larger specimens are often seen fully encrusting small pebbles and may have shell fragments incorporated into the tissue. The surface is generally smooth in more intact specimens, while fragments are more irregular and porous. In less damaged specimens, a fine transparent mesh covers the surface, but this often collapses after collection. Oscula are <0.5 cm wide and are raised above the surrounding tissue. Below the surface, the sponge tissue is irregularly punctate. The consistency of large pieces is firm, compressible, but very brittle if pressure is applied, resulting in small crumbled pieces. The colour is pale yellow to light brown, with some specimens appearing pinkish.</p> <p> <b>Skeleton.</b> (Fig. 1 E, F). Confused, with a loose reticulation of paucispicular tracts which are irregularly connected by single spicules. Thick and thin oxeas do not appear to be localized in the skeleton. There is no surface specialization of spicules, but a layer of thick spongin is present at the surface in undamaged specimens. Flagellosigmas and sigmas are found throughout the choanosome, with regular sigmas often occurring in groups, especially evident near canal openings.</p> <p> <b>Spicules.</b> (Fig. 2 A–J). Megascleres are oxeas in two size categories. Thick oxeas are often slightly bent and have sharp tapered points, 250– <b>271</b> –298 × 12– <b>13</b> – 17 µm. Thin oxeas are similarly shaped but with sharper ends which taper further along the shaft, 183– <b>219</b> –245 × 3.6– <b>6.1</b> –9.0 µm. Microscleres are flagellosigmas in two size categories and abun- dant normal sigmas. The distinctive thick category of flagellosigmas consists of spicules with curved ends that may be steeply curved (Fig. 2 C, D), branched into two or more points (Fig. 2 D–F), or not curved at all with endings pointing outwards, length of long endings 56– <b>68</b> –108 μm, of short endings 46– <b>57</b> –73 μm, width 58– <b>72</b> –98 μm, thickness 6.5– <b>9.0</b> –13 μm. Normal flagellosigmas are ovoid with widely curved ends, but are variable in size and overall shape, length of long endings 32– <b>51</b> –95 μm, of short endings 26– <b>42</b> –56 μm, width 40– <b>58</b> –77 μm, thickness 2.7– <b>4.1</b> –5.6 μm. Regular sigmas are variable in size, and have incurved apices, 39– <b>62</b> – 82 µm in length and 3.2– <b>5.1</b> – 7.1 µm thick. In some specimens thick flagellosigmas may appear more sigma-like with ends of similar lengths and a crescent shape, but these spicules may also have irregular ends (Fig. 2 F).</p> <p> <b>Distribution and ecology.</b> Several specimens were collected along the American Bank near the Gaspé Peninsula and southern fringe of the Laurentian Channel. The holotype was collected north of Brion Island (Magdalen Island archipelago) near the shelf edge and was encrusting a rock. The species was collected at depths ranging from 41– 89 m. Multiple specimens were collected in single trawls (Fig. 1 D), but only single individuals from trawls were retained for taxonomic analysis.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> From the Greek <i>xénos</i> meaning alien or strange and <i>morphḗ</i> meaning shape, in reference to the thick and often irregular flagellosigmas. These spicules also resemble the derelict spacecraft from the 1979 film Alien directed by Ridley Scott, and the name pays homage to the titular antagonist of the series.</p> <p> <b>Discussion.</b> Global representative members of the subgenus are reviewed in Van Soest (2017). Most species in the subgenus are thin and encrusting, however, <i>H. (F.) indonesiae</i> Van Soest, 2017 and <i>H. (F.) edaphus</i> De Laubenfels, 1930 have plate-like growth forms and <i>H. (F.) hamata</i> (Thiele, 1903) has an erect, arborescent habit. <i>Haliclona (Flagellia) porosa</i> (Fristedt, 1887) is most similar to <i>H. (F.) xenomorpha</i> <b>sp. nov</b>. and is described as attaining a large size of up to 9 cm in diameter by Fristedt (1887, as <i>Desmacella porosa</i>) and larger than 5.5 cm broad and 2 cm high by Lambe, (1896, as <i>Gellius flagellifer</i> Ridley & Dendy, 1886). An Arctic specimen of <i>H. (F.) porosa</i> reported by Dinn & Leys (2018) has a soft consistency and has a thick transparent surface whereas <i>H. (F.) xenomorpha</i> <b>sp. nov</b>. specimens from the Gulf of St. Lawrence have dense tissue and are uniform in colour with a very thin transparent surface.</p> <p> The congeneric <i>H. (F.) porosa</i> has been previously reported from the Gulf of St. Lawrence (Lambe 1896) and further north in Baffin Bay/ Davis Strait (Fristedt 1887; Dinn & Leys 2018), usually in deep water.Drawings of specimens and spicules by Lambe (1896) are reminiscent of <i>H. (F.) xenomorpha</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>, however, the presence of rare, small (ca. 26 µm) normal sigmas and no mention of thick flagellosigmas suggest that the species are indeed very different. Specimens of <i>Haliclona (Flagellia) xenomorpha</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> collected from the Gulf of St. Lawrence also have abundant normal sigmas that vary considerably in size, a clear departure from <i>H. (F.) porosa</i> (Van Soest 2017). Flagellosigmas of <i>H. (F.) porosa</i> can be much longer and wider, extending beyond 100 µm for short and long endings and overall width (Van Soest 2017), but never attain a similar thickness to the flagellosigmas of <i>H. (F.) xenomorpha</i> <b>sp. nov</b>. Additional spicule measurements of an Arctic specimen identified as <i>H. (F.) porosa</i> by Dinn & Leys (2018) are reported here (Table 1).</p> <p> The unique features of <i>Haliclona (Flagellia) xenomorpha</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> are the presence of thick flagellosigmas and two categories of oxeas. The thickness of the flagellosigma spicules exceed, and in most cases more than double the maximum thickness of spicules from other members of the genus (Van Soest 2017). The flagellosigmas in <i>H. (F.) xenomorpha</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> reach a maximum thickness 13 µm, while flagellosigmas of <i>H. (F.) porosa</i> reach a maximum thickness of 5 µm reported by Van Soest (2017), but up to 6.3 µm in an Arctic specimen (Dinn & Leys 2018). Thick flagellosigmas are common in the skeleton, and are thus considered as a second size category, though there may be intermediately sized flagellosigmas which are difficult to place in either size category. The consistently irregular endings of the thick flagellosigmas are also a defining character of the species.</p>Published as part of <i>Dinn, Curtis, 2020, A new species of Haliclona (Flagellia) Van Soest, 2017 (Porifera, Demospongiae, Heteroscleromorpha) from the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada, pp. 391-395 in Zootaxa 4778 (2)</i> on pages 391-395, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4778.2.10, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/3826189">http://zenodo.org/record/3826189</a>
Mycale (Mycale) lingua Bowerbank 1866
No full textMycale (Mycale) lingua Bowerbank, 1866 Figure 5; Table 5 Synonymy: Hymeniacidon lingua Bowerbank, 1866: 187 –190. Desmacidon constrictus Bowerbank, 1866: 187 –190. Esperella vosmaeri Levinsen, 1887: 358 –359 pl.XXX fig 11–14. Esperia lucifera Schmidt 1873: 148. Esperia placoides Carter 1876: 316 –317; pl XIII fig 12, pl XV fig 32. Mycale (Mycale) lingua: Topsent 1924: 85 –88, Ackers et al. 1992: 111 –112., Boury-Esnault et al. 1994: 96, fig. 70. Van Soest et al. 2014: 99. Material examined. CMNI 2018-0167, s pecimen in 95% ethanol. Collected by Agassiz Trawl July 14, 2017, 402 m depth (62° 57.232’ N, 67° 08.360’ W). Specimens collected outside of Frobisher Bay: CMNI 2018-0053, specimen in 95% ethanol. Collected by Curtis Dinn with BX 650 MK III box core July 15, 2016, 459m depth (63° 06.67’ N, 67°31.10’ W). CMNI 2018 - 0 0 71, s pecimen in 95% ethanol. Collected by ROV hydraulic manipulator July 19, 2016, 631 m depth (61° 26.417’ N, 60° 39.8484’ W). CMNI 2018-0152, specimen in 95% ethanol. Collected by Curtis Dinn by ROV hydraulic manipulator July 25, 2016, depth 876 m (67° 58.0424’ N, 59° 29.0396’ W). CMNI 2018-0196, specimen in 95% ethanol. Collected by Agassiz trawl July 25, 2017, 333 m depth (76° 19.020’ N, 75° 46.225’ W). All operations performed from the CCGS Amundsen in Frobisher Bay and Davis Strait, Canada. Description. Specimens are bright yellow with a characteristic fibrous root and soft, furrowed distal portion (Fig. 5 A–B). Spicules (Fig. 5 C–L) consist of styles/mycalostyles 514 (400–590) x 16 (12–20) µm; sigmas 20 (14.5–26) µm, anisochelae I 73 (52–88) µm; anisochelae II 37.5 (28.5–50) µm; and raphides which were rare and did not form conspicuous trichodragmas in the Frobisher Bay specimens 43 (30–53) µm n=16. Interestingly, some modified anisochelae were present where the alae were not fully developed (Fig. 5G, H). These spicules occurred in both size categories, but only in the Frobisher Bay specimens. Taxonomic Remarks. The spicule sizes of this specimen correspond to descriptions of M. lingua by Ackers et al. (1992). Descriptions by Boury-Esnault et al. (1994) and Van Soest et al. (2014) are also similar except that a third category of small anisochelae described in those publications is not present in this specimen (Table 5); however, those specimens were found in more southern latitudes. Trichodragmas are not common, but often 2–3 raphides are seen attached to one another. In situ photos of specimens agree with descriptions by Ackers (1992) of a sulcate, furrowed surface that resembles the “tongue of a sheep”. Discussion. This is the first record of Mycale lingua in Frobisher Bay. The species was collected once from Baffin Bay/Davis Strait by Lundbeck (1905) (70° 24 N, 63° 35 W, 497 m depth), further south on the southern Grand Banks (46° 4.6667 N, 49° 2.5 W, 1267 m depth) by Topsent (1892) and in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence (Brunel et al. 1998), and the Bay of Fundy (Goodwin 2017). The spicules of the Frobisher Bay specimens are slightly smaller than those of separate specimens collected at 631 m (61° 26.417 N, 60° 39.8784 W) and 876 m (67° 58.0382N, 59° 29.0396 W) in Baffin Bay. The styles of these specimens are ~600 µm long and the anisochelae occur in two sizes (~87 µm and ~40 µm long). Ackers (1992) states that the furrowed grooves on the surface of the sponge are highly characteristic, and so despite the slight spicule variations, both specimens are best assigned to M. lingua.Published as part of Dinn, Curtis, Edinger, Evan & Leys, Sally P., 2019, Sponge (Porifera) fauna of Frobisher Bay, Baffin Island, Canada with the description of an Iophon rich sponge garden, pp. 301-325 in Zootaxa 4576 (2) on pages 313-315, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4576.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/262495
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