56 research outputs found
Plagiorhynchus (Plagiorhynchus) charadrii
No full textPlagiorhynchus (Plagiorhynchus) charadrii (Yamaguti, 1939) Van Cleave & Williams, 1951 Material studied. BMNH 1965.931-937, from the small intestine of Charadrius alexandrinus nihonensis Deignan, Pescadore Islands, Taiwan, whole-mount of 2 specimens (1 slide). Description (Fig. 3) Based on 2 male specimens. Males. Trunk elongate, almost cylindrical but tapering both anteriorly and posteriorly, 3.7-4.0 long, 0.9-1.1 wide. Numerous amoeba-shaped hypodermal nuclei. Proboscis cylindrical (in both specimens invaginated to different degrees, i.e. anterior third in first specimen and anterior two-thirds in other), c.0.93-0.95 long, 0.23 wide. Proboscis armament consists of 18 longitudinal rows of 12-13 hooks (anterior hooks invaginated) (in 1 specimen). Most of hooks with posteriorly directed roots; only pos- teriormost 4 (3) hooks spiniform with short apophyses. Length of first 8 (9) hooks – blade 52-59 µm, root 29-49 µm; length of last 4 (3) spiniform hooks – 42-52 (54) µm, root 12-22 µm. Neck short, c.0.13 long, 0.25 wide. Proboscis receptacle doublewalled, 1.5 long, 0.26 wide. Lemnisci band-shaped, c.1.5 long, c.0.05 wide (only 1 measured). Testes spherical, 0.26-0.32 long, 0.23-0.35 wide, situated in tandem in middle of trunk, at c.0.06 from one another; anterior testis 0.14 from tip of proboscis receptacle. Cement glands 6 in number, tubular, arranged in 2 groups of 3; longest cement gland of first group (1.70 long) present immediately posterior to anterior testis; remaining 2 cement glands slightly further posterior, 1.44 and 1.01 long; 2 of cement glands of second group present posterior to hind testis, 1.35 long, with remaining cement gland slightly further posterior, 1.03 long. Genital bursa (everted in 1 specimen) 0.55 long, 0.45 wide. Remarks. Despite the partial invagination of the proboscis, we identified these specimens as Plagiorhychus charadrii based on the number of the longitudinal rows and morphometric data from both the hooks (especially the posterior three or four hooks) and of some internal organs (testes and cement glands). When comparing the present morphometric data with those from published descriptions (Yamaguti 1939; Johnston and Edmonds 1947; Schmidt and Kuntz 1966; Belopol’skaya 1983; Amin et al. 1999; Dimitrova et al. 1999), we did not find significant differences, although differences in the maximum length of the hook blade are apparent. Regarding the latter feature, the studied specimens are most similar to the descriptions given by Yamaguti (1939), Schmidt and Kuntz (1966) and Dimitrova et al. (1999), i.e. 60-63 versus 59 µm in present specimens. However, Johnston and Edmonds (1947) and Belopol’skaya (1983) reported smaller lengths for the hooks, i.e. 29 and 54 µm, respectively. This species was described from Charadrius dubius curonicus Gmelin in Japan (Yamaguti 1939) and later recorded, mainly from charadriiform birds, in the Australian Region (Australian mainland and Tasmania) (Johnston and Edmonds 1947; Amin et al. 1999; Smales 2002, 2003), the Palaeotropical Region (Taiwan and the Pescadore Islands) (Schmidt and Kuntz 1966; Amin et al. 1999), the Palaearctic Region (Japan, Russian Far East, Kazakhstan, the Ukraine and Bulgaria) (Lisitsina 1992; Amin et al. 1999; Dimitrova et al. 1999; Araki 2003), the Oceanic Region (Hawaii) (Amin et al. 1999) and the Neotropical Region (Belize) (Canaris and Kinsella 2001).Published as part of Dimitrova, Zlatka, 2009, Acanthocephalans of the nominotypical subgenus of Plagiorhynchus (Plagiorhynchidae) from charadriiform birds in the collection of the Natural History Museum, London, with a key to the species of the subgenus, pp. 75-90 in ZooKeys 6 (6) on pages 82-83, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.6.94, http://zenodo.org/record/57643
Les premières étapes du contrôle de l'activité pharmaceutique en Bulgarie
No full textInitial state regulation of pharmacies and their activity.
The present period includes the end of 19th and in the beginning of 20th century in Bulgaria. The starting point is the liberation of the country from the 500 year yoke in 1878, when the creation of the state public administration started. Very intensive law initiative in all spheres is finded, including pharmaceutical. Structures on the different levels are created for supplying population with medicines. The state takes part both in regulation, wholesale trade and retail trade. In this initial period, even though limited, the beginning of social initiatives for reimbursement treatment is founded.En Bulgarie, à la fin du XIXe et au début du XXe siècle, après cinq siècles de domination étrangère, commence la mise en place de l'administration du pays. On observe, pendant cette période, la création active d'une législation dans tous les domaines, y compris dans le domaine pharmaceutique. Des structures d'approvisionnement en médicaments vont se créer à différents niveaux, l'État participant d'une manière active, aussi bien à la réglementation qu'au commerce de gros et de détail. Cette première période est aussi marquée, bien que dans des proportions limitées, par le début d'un système de Sécurité sociale.Antonova Jeni, Dimitrova Zlatka. Les premières étapes du contrôle de l'activité pharmaceutique en Bulgarie. In: Revue d'histoire de la pharmacie, 94ᵉ année, n°350, 2006. pp. 231-236
Epistemic Modalities and Evidentiality in Cross-Linguistic Perspective/ Zlatka Guentchéva.
No full textIn English.Guentchéva, Zlatka -- Herslund, Michael -- Celle, Agnès -- Dufaye, Lionel -- Kronning, Hans -- Laca, Brenda -- Léonard, Jean Léo -- Nebot, Adrián Cabedo / Cornillie, Bert -- Gosselin, Laurent -- Squartini, Mario -- Bonola, Anna -- Holvoet, Axel -- Petit, Daniel -- Kiefer, Ferenc -- Vokurková, Zuzana -- Bergqvist, Henrik -- Vapnarsky, Valentina -- Desclés, Jean-Pierre -- Frontmatter -- Contents -- Editorial Preface / List of Contributors -- Part I: Germanic languages -- Epistemic modality, Danish modal verbs and the tripartition of utterances / Epistemic evaluation in factual contexts in English / SHOULD in Conditional Clauses: When Epistemicity Meets Appreciative Modality / Part II: Romance languages -- Epistemic modality and evidentiality in Romance: the Reportive Conditional / Epistemic modality and perfect morphology in Spanish and French / Anchoring evidential, epistemic and beyond in discourse: alào, vantér and vér in Noirmoutier island (Poitevin-Saintongeais) / A prosody account of (inter)subjective modal adverbs in Spanish / French expressions of personal opinion: je crois / pense / trouve / estime / considère que p / Mirative extensions in Romance: evidential or epistemic? / The Italian epistemic future and Russian epistemic markers as linguistic manifestations of conjectural conclusion: a comparative analysis / Epistemic modality, evidentiality, quotativity and echoic use / Evidentiality, epistemic modality and negation in Lithuanian: revisited / Part IV: Non Indo-European languages -- Two kinds of epistemic modality in Hungarian / Epistemic modalities in spoken Tibetan / Intersubjectification revisited: a cross-categorical perspective / Inference crisscross: Disentangling evidence, stance and (inter)subjectivity in Yucatec Maya / Part V: Theoretical perspectives -- Epistemic modality and evidentiality from an enunciative perspective / About Contributors -- Author Index -- Subject Index -- Language Index1 online resource (430 p.
Plagiorhynchus (Plagiorhynchus) odhneri Lundstrom 1942
No full textPlagiorhynchus (Plagiorhynchus) odhneri Lundström, 1942 Material studied. [All labelled as P. crassicollis.] BMNH 1946.5.14.121-122, from small intestine of Charadrius hiaticula, Orkney Islands, Scotland, wet material (3 specimens); BMNH 1936.8.17.124-140 (1 immature female), from small intestine of C. hiaticula, Weymouth, Dorset, England, wet material; BMNH 1951.12.12.34, from small intestine of Haematopus ostralegus Linnaeus, Holy Island (adjacent to Isle of Arran), Scotland, wet material (1 specimen). Description (Fig. 2) Based on 1 male and 1 female specimen and 1 metasoma (female) from BMNH 1946.5.14.121-122. Male. Length of trunk (deformed) 4.0. Proboscis cylindrical, situated at angle to trunk axis, 0.68 long, 0.15 wide. Proboscis armament consists of 20 longitudinal rows of 16-17 hooks per row. Length of first 9 (10) hooks – blade 32-42 µm, root 34-37 µm; length of next 3 hooks – blade 25-27 µm, root 25-34 µm; length of last 3 hooks – blade 22 µm, root 15-20 µm. Neck trapezoidal, 0.18 long, 0.13-0.22 wide. Proboscis receptacle 0.6 long, 0.2 wide. Lemnisci 1.3 (1.4) long, 0.1-0.11 wide. Testes not clearly seen; anterior testis at c. 1.12 from tip of proboscis receptacle. Length of cement glands c.0.80. Female. Trunk elliptical, oval to fusiform, 4.4-5.6 long, 1.9-2.2 wide. Proboscis cylindrical, situated at angle to trunk axis, 0.76 long, 0.19 wide. Proboscis armament consists of 17 longitudinal rows of 15-16 hooks per row. Length of first 9 (10) hooks – blade 37-49 µm, root indistinct; length of next 2-3 hooks – blade 29-32 µm, root indistinct; remaining 4 hooks could not be measured. Neck withdrawn. Proboscis re- ceptacle and lemnisci indistinct. Genital pore at 0.2 from end of trunk. Eggs elongateoval, shuttle-shaped, with polar prolongations, 93-115 × 20-39 µm. Additional data. Based on 1 immature specimen from C. hiaticula and 1 specimen from Haematopus ostralegus. Trunk of immature specimen 3.6 long, 1.4 wide. Proboscis cylindrical, situated at angle to trunk axis, 0.76 long, 0.17 wide. Proboscis armament consists of 18 longitudinal rows of 15-16 hooks in each row. Length of first 9-10 hooks – blade 36-43 µm, root 39-44 µm; length of next 2-3 hooks – blade 27-32 µm, root 27-39 µm; length of last 3 hooks 22-27 µm, root 20 µm (for hooks XIV-XV). Trunk of female specimen c.4.0 long, 1.55 wide. Proboscis 0.8 long, 0.15 wide. Remarks. Lundström (1942) described this species from Haematopus ostralegus in Sweden. Golvan (1956) considered it to be a variety of P. crassicollis and later (Golvan 1960) as a subspecies. In the taxonomic arrangement of the nominotypical subgenus of Plagiorhynchus proposed by Schmidt and Kuntz (1966) and Amin (1985), this species is missing. According to other authors (Petrochenko 1958; Yamaguti 1963; Khokhlova 1986; Golvan 1994), P. odhneri is a valid species. Lisitsina (1992) redescribed it on the basis of specimens from Charadrius dubius Scopoli and C. alexandrinus L. in the Ukraine. Unfortunately, the type material of this species was not available for re-examination during the course of the present study. The studied specimens were identified as P. odhneri mainly on the basis of the proboscis armature (especially with regard to the number of hooks in each longitudinal row). The armature (17-20 longitudinal rows of 15-17 hooks) recorded in the present study is within the limits of variation reported by Lundström (1942) in the original description (18-19 longitudinal rows of 14-18 hooks) and by Lisitsina (1992) (18-22 longitudinal rows of 15-19 hooks). In comparison with the previous descriptions (Lundström 1942; Lisitsina 1992), I found some differences. These mainly concern the shape and measurements of the trunk. The present specimens possess an almost oval trunk (only the female metasoma is spindle-shaped) with measurements of 4.0 ×? (male) and 4.4-5.6 × 1.9-2.2 mm (female) versus an almost spindle-shaped trunk measuring 5.0-8.4 × 0.8-1.7 (male) and 9.0-11.0 × 1.7-2.4 mm (female), as described by Lundström (1942), and an almost cylindrical trunk measuring 3.57-6.58 × 0.96-1.58 (male) and 8.76-12.53 × 1.10-1.23 mm (female), according to Lisitsina (1992). With regard to these characters, our specimens are close to P. crassicollis (see above), as described by Lühe (1911), with an oval trunk and measurements of 5.0 × 1.6-1.8 (male) and 7.0 × 3.0 mm (female). In addition, the proboscis of our worms is shorter, i.e. 0.68 (male) and 0.76-0.8 mm (female) compared with 0.8 (male) and 0.9-1.1 mm (female) as recorded by Lundström (1942). However, it is longer than the proboscis of P. crassicollis (0.6 mm) (Lühe 1911). Lisitsina (1992) reported wider limits of variation for this character (0.68-1.23 mm in both sexes), and our specimens fit within this morphometric range. More abundant material is needed to assess the variation within P. odhneri and to confirm its validity. P. odhneri has previously been reported from Charadrius hiaticula and Haematopus ostralegus in the United Kingdom (Williams 1961; Threlfall 1963). Other records are from charadriiform birds in Sweden, Russia (White Sea coast), the Ukraine and Bulgaria (Lundström 1942; Belopol’skaya 1983; Lisitsina 1992; Hansson 1997; Dimitrova et al. 2000).Published as part of Dimitrova, Zlatka, 2009, Acanthocephalans of the nominotypical subgenus of Plagiorhynchus (Plagiorhynchidae) from charadriiform birds in the collection of the Natural History Museum, London, with a key to the species of the subgenus, pp. 75-90 in ZooKeys 6 (6) on pages 79-81, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.6.94, http://zenodo.org/record/57643
Acanthocephalans of the nominotypical subgenus of Plagiorhynchus (Plagiorhynchidae) from charadriiform birds in the collection of the Natural History Museum, London, with a key to the species of the subgenus
No full textVolume: 6Start Page: 75End Page: 9
History of the hospital practice and the hospital pharmacy in Bulgaria
No full textТази публикация представя възникването и развитието на модерните болници и болнични аптеки към тях по българските земи в епохата на Възраждането, в които пациентите се обслужват от лица със специално медицинско образование и са организирани по западен образец. Според начина на финансирането им са обособени в няколко групи: държавни, дарителски и частни.Summary. This publication presents the beginning and development of modern hospitals and hospital pharmacies in the Bulgarian lands in the Renaissance, in which patients are served by individuals with special medical education and they are organized on the western model. According to their financing sources hospitals are divided into several groups: government, charitable and private
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AGAINST DEVIANT BEHAVIOR: IS IT POSSIBLE TO PREVENT AND REDUCE DEVIANCES WITH SPORT?
Full text linkThis article discusses physical
activity and sport as a good way to overcome
deviant behavior in children. A number of
characteristics of sporting activity are identified,
which define it as useful not only for the physical
but also for the psychological, emotional and
overall development of the personality. Organized
extracurricular sports activities are mentioned as a
good means of organizing the leisure time of the
students. Of course, sport is not a universal remedy
for the problems of society and the deviant behavior
of children. But it is one of the working options for
prevention and overcoming deviant behavior,
especially if it is a result mainly of the child's
personal characteristics such as aggression,
temperamental behavior or adrenal dependence.
Affiliation to the team gives the child certainty that
they area member of a community where they give
and receive permanent support. The pursuit of
personal achievement reflects the development of
the child and directs his or her energy in a positive
direction. Achieved success boosts self-confidence
and self-esteem that are so necessary to young
people especially in teen years. Driving into
discipline in sport will lead to compliance with
social norms and public laws
ИНИЦИЈАЛНА ЈАВНА ПОНУДА НА ХАРТИИ ОД ВРЕДНОСТ (ИЈП)
No full textИнвестирањето во финансиска смисла претставува купување на одреден имот (хартии од вредност, недвижнини, скапоцености итн.) или депонирање на пари во банка, со намера за остварување на иден принос од вложувањата, односно остварување на камата од депонираните средства. Гледано пак од аспект на компаниите, заштедите може да се приберат (мобилизираат) преку емисија на хартии од вредност (акции или корпоративни обврзници) и да се наменат за финансирање на развојните планови на компанијата. Во берзанското секојдневие се познати настаните кои се поврзани со иницијалната понуда на акции на пазарот на капитал или ИЈП (англ. IPO – Initial Public Offering). Основна цел на овој труд е претставување на процесот на реализација на ИЈП и нивните предности и недостатоци
The fourth pattern of attachment: Disorganized / disoriented
No full textOn the basis of the study of recent scientific literature about the development of attachment behavior, the author answers the following questions about: the behavior children categorized as Disorganized/disorientated or Controlling in the procedure of the Strange situation; the life circumstances, in which these children live; the reasons for lack of balanced strategies of attachment and characteristics of their general manner of adaptation. The author finds the characteristics of the mothers' (in)sensitivity to be significantly influential for the emergence of the fourth pattern of attachment. These children are heterogeneous regarding adaptation in general. Professional help preceding negative consequences for their socioemotional development is neccesary
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