269,687 research outputs found
Pinkfloydia HORMIGA & DIMITROV 2011, GEN. NOV.
No full text<i>PINKFLOYDIA</i> HORMIGA & DIMITROV GEN. NOV. <p> <i>Type species:</i> <i>Pinkfloydia harveii</i> Dimitrov & Hormiga sp. nov.</p> <p> <i>Etymology:</i> The genus is named after the British psychedelic and progressive rock band Pink Floyd. In its heyday Pink Floyd was an innovative group that created music, which was an eclectic mixture of styles. The band also pioneered the use of very sophisticated lights and lasers in their live shows and often had highly innovative album covers. <i>Pinkfloydia</i> has very unusual morphological features and its name aims to reflect its uniqueness. <i>Pinkfloydia</i> is an undeclinable proper name and feminine in gender.</p> <p> <i>Diagnosis: Pinkfloydia</i> can be easily distinguished from all other tetragnathid genera by the conspicuously enlarged PME placed on short ocular protrusions and by the conical and distinctively elevated cephalic area (Figs 9A, 10A, 12A, 14G). All other eyes are placed at the same level on the prominent cephalic region and are much smaller in size (Figs 9B, 10C, 12A, D, 14E). Males of <i>Pinkfloydia</i> differ from other tetragnathid males in having several conspicuously large macrosetae at the base of the paracymbium (Figs 8A–C, 13A–D, G) and an area of the cymbium covered with numerous modified short setae (cuspules) concentrated dorsally on the cymbial ectomedian process (Figs 8B, E, 13A, C, H, I). In addition, the <i>Pinkfloydia</i> male palp has a well developed metine embolic apophysis and an embolus that carries numerous short denticles (Figs 8A–C, 13B, E, F, 14A); the cymbium has a well developed cymbial ecto-basal and cymbial ecto-median processes (Figs 8A, 13A, D).</p> <p>Females are diagnosed by the presence of a flat epigynal plate that has numerous pores opening on its ventral surface (Figs 8F, 15D–E, G; no similar plate has been described in any other member of Tetragnathidae). Copulatory openings are displaced caudally and hidden by the distal edge of the epigynum in a transversal groove (Figs 8G, H, 15F).</p> <p> <i>Description:</i> Tiny spiders, total length 2.77–3.75 in males, 3.54–4.51 in females (but note that so far <i>P. harveii</i> is the only known species in this new genus). Cephalothorax brown, longer than wide – 1.36–1.61 long in males and 1.68–1.86 in females – with a well marked fovea (Figs 9C, 10B); cephalic area conical, conspicuously elevated and slightly projected over the chelicerae (Figs 9A, 10A, 12A, 14G). Sternum slightly longer than wide; conspicuously narrower distally, and with a ridged cuticle (Figs 12C, 14J). AME slightly larger than ALE and PLE but much smaller than PME; PME much larger than the other eyes and placed over small rounded rises at the top of the elevated cephalic area; PLE and ALE juxtaposed over a slight elevation (Figs 12A, 14G). Clypeus height more than one AME diameter, slightly higher in males than in females. Chelicerae cylindrical, longer and slender in males, with three teeth on the anterior and two teeth on the posterior margin (Figs 12D, 14E). Chelicerae with two small denticles near the fang joint (Fig. 12I). Legs without dorsal femoral trichobothria in both sexes. Abdomen rounded with a prominent caudal tubercle, more elongated in males (Figs 12F, H, 15B, C). Spinneret morphology (studied in one male and two females) as in most other tetragnathid spiders: ALS with about 30 piriform gland spigots in females and about 20 in males, ordered roughly in four (females) or three (males) arched lines (Figs 14B, 16D). PMS with two aciniform gland spigots, between the cylindrical and the minor ampu- tate gland spigots (Fig. 16E, F). PLS with six aciniform gland spigots ordered in a straight line between the cylindrical spigots and the ‘araneoid triplet’ (Fig. 16G). Flagelliform and aggregate gland spigots well developed in females (Fig. 16G) but reduced in adult males (Fig. 14C). Flagelliform spigot conical, apically pointed; aggregate spigots with wider bases and wide sockets (Fig. 16G). Epiandrous fusules placed in a shallow epigastric groove and arranged in three groups separated by low cuticular ridges (Fig. 14D). Tracheal spiracle placed very close to the spinnerets. Tracheal system consisting of two longer lateral tubes and two shorter medial ones (Fig. 14F, I). All tracheal tubes confined to abdomen (i.e. do not enter the prosoma). Male pedipalp with very large modified setae on paracymbium (Figs 8A–C, E, 13A, B, G). Cymbium carrying cymbial ecto-basal and cymbial ecto-median processes (Figs 8A, B, E, 13A, D). A field containing numerous short modified setae (cuspules) arranged in longitudinal lines is placed dorsally over the cymbial ecto-median process, which extends over the cymbium (Figs 8E, 13A, C, D, H, I). Tegulum well sclerotized, large and spherical in shape (Figs 8A–C, 13B). Conductor and embolus coiling together and arising apically from the centre of the tegulum (Figs 8A, C, 13E, F). Conductor well sclerotized, with a robust apical apophysis (Fig. 13F). Embolus with robust metine embolic apophysis, dorsoapically with numerous short denticles and a distinctively slender apex (Fig. 13F). Spermatic duct enters the tegulum (towards the fundus) through the embolus base, widening in diameter shortly after (Fig. 8D). Spermatic duct without switchbacks and one and a half spiral turns before reaching the fundus (Fig. 8D).</p> <p>Female genitalia entelegyne, with a flat, well chitinized epigynum that has numerous pores dorsally (Figs 8F–H, 15D–H). These pores might be related to the secretions that form the epigynal plug observed in some of the specimens (Fig. 10E). Spermathecae oval with weakly sclerotized walls (Figs 8G, 15F, H).</p> <p> <i>Phylogenetics: Pinkfloydia</i> is a member of the Australian– New Zealand tetragnathid lineage <i>Nanometa</i> clade.</p> <p> <i>Natural history:</i> See under <i>P. harveii</i> sp. nov.</p> <p> <i>Composition:</i> The only known member of this genus is <i>P. harveii</i> sp. nov.</p> <p> <i>Distribution:</i> Western Australia (see under <i>P. harveii</i> sp. nov.).</p>Published as part of <i>Dimitrov, Dimitar & Hormiga, Gustavo, 2011, An extraordinary new genus of spiders from Western Australia with an expanded hypothesis on the phylogeny of Tetragnathidae (Araneae), pp. 735-768 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) 161 (4)</i> on pages 754-756, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2010.00662.x, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5440041">http://zenodo.org/record/5440041</a>
Second chamber of parliament as a veto player in federal and unitary states
No full textDiplomsko delo raziskuje in analizira vpliv določene značilnosti političnega sistema na drugi dom parlamenta. Značilnost političnega sistema v tem primeru je federalnost oziroma unitarnost države. Večina analitikov povezuje federalizem z močno dvodomnostjo, vendar napačno bi bilo predvidevati, da v unitarnih državah drugi domovi parlamentov nimajo pomembne vloge v javnopolitičnem procesu. V prvem delu diplomske naloge so podrobneje opisani ključni pojmi: federalizem, unitarizem in dvodomnost. Kot dodaten vidik je vključena še teorija o veto igralcih, s pomočjo katere lahko bolje razumemo vlogo oziroma moč drugih domov parlamentov v različnih političnih sistemih. V drugem delu pa so predstavljeni drugi domovi parlamentov v treh federalnih in treh unitarnih državah. Raziskava je omejena zgolj na demokratične evropske države, in sicer Avstrijo, Belgijo, Nemčijo, Italijo, Češko in Francijo. Namen diplomskega dela je torej ob primerih iz izbranih držav ugotoviti, kako federalnost oziroma unitarnost države vpliva na drugi dom parlamenta kot veto igralca.The diploma thesis aims to explore and analyse the influence of a certain characteristic of a political system on the second chamber of parliament. The characteristic in this case is whether a country is based on a federal or unitary system. Most analysts associate federalism with strong bicameralism, but it would be wrong to assume that in unitary states, second chambers of parliament do not have a significant role in the policy process. The first part of the thesis describes in more detail the key concepts: federalism, unitarism and bicameralism. As an additional aspect, the theory of veto players is included, with the help of which we can better understand the role and power of second chambers of parliament in different political systems. In the second part, the second chambers of parliament in three federal and three unitary states are presented. The research is limited to democratic European countries, namely Austria, Belgium, Germany, Italy, the Czech Republic and France. Therefore the purpose of the diploma thesis is to determine how the federal or unitary system of a country affects the second chamber of parliament as a veto player based on the cases from selected countries
Brachythele rhodopensis Dimitrov & Zonstein 2022, sp. n.
No full textBrachythele rhodopensis sp. n. Figs 1–9, 13–15 Type material. Male holotype, Bulgaria, Eastern Rhodope Mountains, near the town of Madzharovo (GPS coordinates: 41.65, 25.84), 04.05.2021, leg. Dragomir Dimitrov (SMF). Etymology. Named after the Rhodope Mountains (Bulgaria), where the holotype was collected. Diagnosis. The male is morphologically similar to those of Brachythele langourovi Lazarov, 2005 and Brachythele bentzieni Zonstein 2007, in the presence of an embolic keel (Figs 7–8). It can be distinguished by (1) the shape of the keel being more massive than in the other 2 species, and (2) the shape of the embolic portion—stout, curved (Figs 7–9, 13–15), whereas, in B. langourovi, it is curved but thinner (Figs 10–12) and, in B. bentzieni, it is straight (Figs 26–27). Description. (Holotype male). Measurements: Total length 12.76; carapace length 6.30, width 4.70; sternum length 3.07, width 2.25; labium length 0.64; maxilla length 2.02; abdomen length 6.46, width 3.25; PMS length 0.62; PLS length 2.10. Palp. Femur length 2.31, patella length 1.16, tibia length 1.85, cymbium length 0.86, bulbus length 1.21. Leg measurements: I—15.45 (3.90, 2.84, 2.79, 3.35, 2.57), II—14.18 (4.09,7 2.52, 2.70, 2.89, 1.98), III—14.99 (3.94, 2.30, 2.54, 3.56, 2.65), IV—18.73 (4.16, 2.91, 4.22, 4.74, 2.70). Eyes’ diameters: ALE 0.22, AME 0.18, PLE 0.18, PME 0.175. Eyes’ interdistances: AME–AME 0.15, AME–ALE 0.11, ALE–PLE 0.10, PME–PME 0.39, PME–PLE 0.10. Color (Fig. 1). Carapace brown, with darker margins (Figs 1–2). Legs more or less the same color as carapace. Sternum and coxae yellow-brown, coxae lighter ventrally. Sternal sigilla small and rounded, the posterior pair well visible, the other 2 much lighter (Fig 3). Chelicerae dark brown. Abdomen beige with darker brownish pattern (Fig 1). Spinnerets light beige (Fig 4). Eyes. Eye region darker than surrounding dorsal surface of carapace, elevated. Eyes compact. Anterior eye row procurved, posterior one almost straight (as seen from dorsal side, Figs 1–2). Other somatic characters. Carapace dorsally covered with fine setae. Fovea visible, deep, recurved. Chelicerae with 8 promarginal teeth, dorsally covered with long, weak, dense setae. Maxillae with many small prolateral cuspules on basal part (Fig 3). Tibia I with distal spur bearing 2 strong spines (Figs 5–6). Scopula: distal on metatarsi, and entire on tarsi I–II; apical on tarsi III–IV. Trichobothria in 2 rows of 7–10 on tibiae and 9–11 on metatarsi. Paired claws with 7 teeth. PMS medium-sized; apical segment of PLS triangular. Palp (Figs 7–9, 13–15). Femur, patella, and cymbium spineless. Tibia with 2 long dorsal spines. Bulbus pearshaped; apical part protruding, massive in 2/3 of its length; embolic portion narrow, twisted, with a small tubercle distally. Female. Unknown. Distribution. The species is known only from the type locality in the Eastern Rhodope Mountains, Bulgaria.Published as part of Dimitrov, Dragomir & Zonstein, Sergei, 2022, A taxonomic contribution to the genus Brachythele Ausserer, 1871 (Araneae, Nemesiidae) with a description of a new species from Rhodope Mountains, Bulgaria, pp. 583-592 in Zootaxa 5159 (4) on page 584, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5159.4.7, http://zenodo.org/record/678615
GENERALIZED ROOT SYSTEMS
No full textWe generalize the notion of a root system by relaxing the conditions that ensure that it is invariant under reflections and study the resulting structures, which we call generalized root systems (GRSs). Since both Kostant root systems and root systems of Lie superalgebras are examples of GRSs, studying GRSs provides a uniform axiomatic approach to studying both of them. GRSs inherit many of the properties of root systems. In particular, every GRS defines a crystallographic hyperplane arrangement. We believe that GRSs provide an intrinsic counterpart to finite Weyl groupoids and crystallographic hyperplane arrangements, extending the relationship between finite Weyl groupoids and crystallographic hyperplane arrangements established by Cuntz. An important difference between GRSs and root systems is that GRSs may lack a (large enough) Weyl group. In order to compensate for this, we introduce the notion of a virtual reflection, building on a construction of Penkov and Serganova in the context of root systems of Lie superalgebras. The most significant new feature of GRSs is that, along with subsystems, one can define quotient GRSs. Both Kostant root systems and root systems of Lie superalgebras are equivalent to quotients of root systems and all root systems are isomorphic to quotients of simply-laced root systems. We classify all rank 2 GRSs and show that they are equivalent to quotients of root systems. Finally, we discuss in detail quotients of root systems. In particular we provide all isomorphisms and equivalences among them. Our results on quotient of root systems provide a different point of view on flag manifolds, reproving results of Alekseevsky and Graev
On Kostant root systems of Lie superalgebras
No full textWe study the eigenspace decomposition of a basic classical Lie superalgebra under the adjoint action of a toral subalgebra, thus extending results of Kostant. In recognition of Kostant's contribution we refer to the eigenfunctions appearing in the decomposition as Kostant roots. We then prove that Kostant root systems inherit the main properties of classical root systems. Our approach is combinatorial in nature and utilizes certain graphs naturally associated with Kostant root systems. In particular, we reprove Kostant's results without making use of the Killing form
Lepthyphantes rossitsae Dimitrov 2018, sp. n.
No full textLepthyphantes rossitsae sp. n. Figs 1-6, 10-12, 16-22 Types: Male holotype, 1 male paratype, 7 females paratypes; Turkey, Çamlik village, Beyşehir district, Maǧarasi cave; 10.07.1993; P. Beron leg. Etymology: I dedicate the species to my wife Rossitsa Dimitrova. Diagnosis: The new species is very similar to Lepthyphantes leprosus in somatic and genital characters. The male of L. rossitsae sp. n. can be distinguished by the shape of the narrow branch of the lamella characteristica, which is shorter and wider apically (Figs 1, 4, 16, 18), while in L. leprosus it is longer, narrower and forked at the end (Fig. 7). The embolus in both species is very similar, but in L. rossitsae sp. n. the teeth at its base are less numerous and tiny (Figs 2, 5, 17), while in L. leprosus they are more numerous and slightly bigger (Fig. 8). Also the big tubercle of the cymbium (Figs 3, 6, 19) is shorter and wider than in L. leprosus (Fig. 9). The female epigyne (Figs 10-12, 20-22) has almost the same lateral wall and lateral lobe as in L. leprosus, but the scape in L. rossitsae sp. n. is thinner and longer and there are no lateral teeth (Figs 13-15). Description of male (holotype): Measurements: Total length 3.85; cephalothorax length 1.48, width 1.25; sternum length 0.68, width 0.45; chelicera length 0.72, width 0.30; abdomen length 2.35, width 1.45; leg I length 11.75 (0.80 + 3.00 + 0.45 + 3.00 + 3.00 + 1.50); leg II length 10.75 (0.60 + 2.80 + 0.45 + 2.70 + 2.85 + 1.35); leg III length 8.45 (0.55 + 2.35 + 0.40 + 1.90 + 2.25 + 1.00); leg IV length 10.70 (0.62 + 2.70 + 0.40 + 2.63 + 3.00 + 1.35). Eyes: Both eye rows straight; AME smaller than other eyes, touching each other. Other eyes approximately equal in size. AME diameter 0.05; ALE, PLE, PME diameter 0.09; ALE separated from AME by 0.03. PME separated from PLE and each other by 0.08, ALE touching PLE. Chelicerae with 2 large distal and 2 small apical teeth on promargin and with 1 large distal tooth on retromargin. Coloration: carapace, sternum, chelicerae and legs yellow-brown. Abdomen grey, with white pattern (not very well preserved). Leg chaetotaxy: leg I (1p, 1d, 2d2p1v1r, 1d1r); leg II (-, 1d, 2d1r1v, 1d1p); leg III (-, 1d, 2d1r, 1d); leg IV (-, 1d, 2d1r, 1d). Palps (Figs 1-6, 16-19): Cymbium with one big and one small tubercle in its basal part, visible in dorsal view (Figs 3, 6, 19). Paracymbium connected to cymbium with its flat internal part. Lamella characteristica broad and incised, bifid. It’s narrow distal branch gradually widening to a fan shaped apical part (Figs 1, 4, 16). Embolus bent, sickle-shaped, bearing small teeth near its base (Figs 4-5, 17). Description of female (paratype): Measurements: Total length 4.05; cephalothorax length 1.60, width 1.25; sternum length 0.85, width 0.75; chelicera length 0.72, width 0.30; abdomen length 2.66, width 1.70; leg I length 10.47 (0.65 + 2.95 + 0.47 + 2.50 + 2.50 + 1.40); leg II length 9.45 (0.63 + 2.40 + 0.47 + 2.30 + 2.40 + 1.25); leg III length 7.00 (0.54 + 2.00 + 0.40 + 1.35 + 1.85 + 0.86); leg IV length 9.35 (0.56 + 2.40 + 0.40 + 2.25 + 2.52 + 1.22). Eye arrangement and coloration as in male. Chelicerae with 4 large teeth on promargin and 4 small apical teeth on retromargin. Leg chaetotaxy: leg I (1p, 1d, 2d1p2v1r, 1d1p1r); leg II (-, 1d, 2d1v2r, 1d1p1r); leg III (-, 1d, 2d1v1r, 1d); leg IV (-, 1d, 2d1r, 1d). Epigyne (Figs 10-12, 20-22): Lateral wall without teeth (Figs 10-11, 20-21). Scape long and narrow, widening at the end (Figs 10, 20). Two lateral lobes on each side of scape (Figs 10-11, 20-21). Distribution: Known only from the type locality. Remarks: As already stated by Helsdingen (2009), the splitting of Lepthyphantes s. l. into several distinct genera by Saaristo & Tanasevitch (1996, 1999, 2000, 2001) not only makes species identification difficult and user-unfriendly, but also leaves Lepthyphantes s. str. as a heterogeneous group containing all species that could not be placed with certainty in any of the present genera close to Lepthyphantes. This is also the case with Lepthyphantes leprosus. Previously it was listed as part of the Lepthyphantes nebulosus group. Meanwhile most of the species from this group have been transferred to Megalepthyphantes Wunderlich, 1994, but Lepthyphantes leprosus remained in Lepthyphantes along with some other species, most of which are clearly not related to each other. Since the new species described here is very close to Lepthyphantes leprosus, it is provisionally also placed in Lepthyphantes.Published as part of Dimitrov, Dragomir, 2018, Description of Lepthyphantes rossitsae sp. n. from Turkey (Arachnida: Araneae: Linyphiidae), pp. 277-281 in Revue suisse de Zoologie 125 (2) on pages 277-280, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.141422
Pinkfloydia harveii Dimitrov & Hormiga 2011, SP. NOV.
No full text<i>PINKFLOYDIA HARVEII</i> DIMITROV & HORMIGA SP. NOV. (FIGS 8–16) <p> <i>Types:</i> <i>Holotype</i>: male from Australia, Western Australia, Stirling Range National Park, Wedge Hill; 34°23′17″S, 118°10′18″E; 02.v.1996, Harvey, M. S., Waldock, J. M., Main, B. Y. Legit (Leg). (AUSTMUS T66621).</p> <p> <i>Paratypes:</i> 1 female, same data as holotype (in the same vial). Australia, Western Australia: 1 female, Walpole, Tinglewood Road, 35°00′S, 116°40′E, 13.vi.1987, Main, B. Y. Leg. (AUSTMUS 93/2124); 4 females, Mt Cooke, 32°25′S, 116°18′E, 27.iv.1992, Harvey, M. S., Waldock, J. M. Leg. (AUSTMUS 93/2080, 93/2081; 93/2082, 93/2083); 1 male, Boddington Bauxite Mine, site SSB02, 32°59′36″S, 116°28′23″E, vi.2003, Graby, G. Leg. (AUSTMUS T71617); 1 female, Stirling Range National Park, Toolbrunup Peak Track, 34°24′S, 118°04′E, 2.iv.1993, Harvey, M. S. Leg. (AUSTMUS T66619); 1 female, Bold Park, site BP1, 31°57′07″S, 115°45′30″E, 20.v.– 20.vii.1993, Harvey, M. S., Waldock, J. M. Leg. (AUSTMUS 93/2075); 1 female, Bold Park, site BP3, 31°56′33″S, 115°46′13″E, 20.v.–20.vii.1993, Harvey, M. S., Waldock, J. M. Leg. (AUSTMUS 93/2076); 2 males, Bold Park, site BP4, 31°56′29″S, 115°46′01″E, Harvey, M. S., Waldock, J. M. Leg. (AUSTMUS 93/2077, 93/2078); 1 male, Perth Airport, site PA5, 31°58′03″S, 115°58′11″E, 24.vi.–28.vii.1993, Harvey, M. S., Waldock, J. M., Sampey, A. Leg. (AUSTMUS 93/2085); 1 male, 1 female, Talbot Road Reserve, site TR2, 31°52′24″S, 116°02′52″E, 24.vi.–28.vii.1993, Harvey, M. S., Waldock, J. M. Leg. (AUSTMUS 93/2086, 93/2087).</p> <p> <i>Etymology:</i> The species epithet is a patronym after the Australian arachnologist Mark S. Harvey, collector of this and many other new species of arachnids from Western Australia.</p> <p> <i>Diagnosis:</i> As this genus is monotypic the diagnosis of <i>P. harveii</i> coincides with the diagnosis given for the genus (see above under Diagnosis).</p> <p> <i>Description (male holotype):</i> Total body length 2.77. Cephalothorax 1.36 long, 0.93 wide, 1.11 high. Sternum almost as long as wide; 0.67 long, 0.65 wide. Abdomen 1.41 long, 0.90 wide, 0.98 high. Cephalothorax, chelicerae, and sternum brown; dorsally sternum with darker markings laterally. Fovea well marked, with darker coloration. Eyes placed on a conically elevated and slightly projected forward cephalic region; PME on short elevations, much larger than the rest of the eyes (Figs 9B, 12A, B, D). Lateral eyes juxtaposed. Distance between AME 1.5 times one AME diameter; between AME and ALE about one AME diameter. Distance between PME almost two PME diameters. Lateral eyes placed close to the PME. Clypeus height 1.85 times one AME diameter. Chelicerae slender, elongated, and cylindrical (Figs 9B, 12D), with three anterior and two posterior teeth, and two small denticles between the anterior and posterior margins, adjacent to the fang joint (Fig. 12I). Cheliceral cuticle rugose (Fig. 12D). Abdomen oval, longer than wide, with grey-brownish coloration and very few remains of guanine patches. Dorsally with a darker band medially delimited by two clearer dorsolateral bands. Caudal tubercle more darkly pigmented (Fig. 9A, C). Ventrally abdomen lighter in colour, with few small darker dots medially. Legs yellowish. Femur I 1.78 long; 1.30 times the length of the cephalothorax. Femur I with a conspicuous line of oval markings prolaterally (Fig. 12E, G) that extend over the tibia. Similar markings also present on femur IV (under the SEM these markings seem to be made of adhered particles). Palp (Figs 8A–E, 13A–C, E, 14A) with a very long tibia, as long as or slightly longer than the cymbium (Fig. 12A, B). Patella without macrosetae (Fig. 12A, B, D). Paracymbium large and ventrally displaced with two distinctive black, long, and thick macrosetae (Figs 8A, C, 13G, 14A). Cymbial ecto-basal process very long with pointed tip and strongly chitinized (Figs 8B, 13A, D). Cymbial ecto-median process with transparent rim and numerous cuspules dorsally (Figs 8B, E, 13D, H, I). Embolus with large metine embolic apophysis, rectangular, with a pointed and folded laminar distal edge (Figs 8A–C, 13B, F, 14A). Conductor with blunt tip narrower than its base (Fig. 13B, E, F). Epiandrous fusules as in Figure 14D.</p> <p>E, prolateral; G, detail. Abdomen: F, ventral; H, lateral. I, cheliceral denticles. Adt, distal tubercle of the abdomen. Scale bars: A, B, C, D, F, H = 100 Mm; E = 30 Mm; I = 10 Mm; G = 2 Mm.</p> <p>fertilization duct; S, spermatheca; UE, uterus externus. Scale bars: A, B, C = 100 Mm; D, E, F, G, H = 10 Mm.</p> <p> <i>Female (paratype, AUSTMUS 93/2124):</i> Total body length 4.51. Cephalothorax 1.86 long, 1.16 wide, 1.15 high. Sternum almost as long as wide; 0.77 long, 0.70 wide. Abdomen 2.65 long, 2.15 wide, 1.86 high. Coloration pattern and eyes distribution as in males. Sternum slightly more elongated than in males; 0.77 long, 0.70 wide. Abdomen wider than in males, which gives it more rounded appearance (Fig. 10A, B, D). Chelicerae shorter and more robust than in male, with smooth cuticle (Figs 10C, 14E). Clypeus height 1.40 times one AME diameter. Legs brown-yellowish; femur I 1.83, 0.98 times the length of the cephalothorax. Epigynum well sclerotized, dark brown (Figs 8F, 10D, 15D–E). Epigynal plate flattened, with numerous cuticular pores (Fig. 15D, E, G). Remains of a ‘resinous’ secretion forming a genital plug are visible around the edges of the epigynum (Fig. 10E). Copulatory ducts well chitinized, opening on the ventral side of the epigynum and entering the spermathecae at their base (Figs 8G, H, 15F, 16C). Fertilization ducts membranous, originating very close to the copulatory duct entrance in the spermathecae but much wider than it (Figs 8G, H, 15F, H, 16A). Spermathecae oval, weakly sclerotized, and sack like (Fig. 15F, H).</p> <p> <i>Variation:</i> Male cephalothorax ranges in length from 1.36 to 1.61 (<i>N</i> = 7). Female cephalothorax length varies from 1.68–186 (<i>N</i> = 14). Male total body length ranges from 2.77 to 3.75 (<i>N</i> = 7). Female total body length ranges from 3.54 to 4.51 (<i>N</i> = 14). The male abdominal tubercle varies in height and length, in some specimens being very short, which gives the distal edge of the abdomen a more rounded appearance.</p> <p> <i>Natural history:</i> Very poorly known. Many of the specimens that we studied were collected by pitfall traps. We photographed the webs of four juvenile specimens of <i>P. harveii</i> in the Walpole area (Darling Range). Their horizontal webs were built on the leaf litter in a disturbed area and had a maximum frame width between 52 and 92 mm. These orbs were relatively densely spun, as they had many radii (17–28, mean 22, <i>N</i> = 4), lack split radii, and have numerous spiral turns (Fig. 11). The hub is closed and the temporary spiral is removed in the final web (see Fig. 11D). We observed one of the webs being built at night time.</p> <p> <i>Distribution:</i> Southern Western Australia (see map in Fig. 17).</p> <p> <i>Additional specimens studied:</i> Australia, Western Australia: 1 female, Chesapeake Road at Gardner River, 34°48′S, 116°11′E, 1.v.1990, Harvey, M. S., Waldock, J. M. Leg. (AUSTMUS 93/2079); 1 juvenile (juv.), Perth Airport, site PA5, 31°58′03″S, 115°58′11″E, 10.v.–20.vi.1993, Harvey, M. S., Waldock, J. M. Leg. (AUSTMUS 93/2084); 1 juv., Talbot Road Reserve, site TR2, 31°52′24″S, 116°02′52″E, 24.vi.–28.vii.1993, Harvey, M. S., Waldock, J. M. Leg. (AUSTMUS 93/2088); 1 male, Talbot Road Reserve, site TR3, 31°52′25″S, 116°03′03″E, 24.vi.–28.vii.1993, Harvey, M. S., Waldock, J. M. Leg. (AUSTMUS 93/2089); 1 juv., Kings Park, site J(E1), 31°58′S, 115°50′E, 26.iii.1981, UWA Zoology students, and B. Y. Main Leg. (AUSTMUS T66615); 1 female, Mt Cooke, 32°25′S, 116°18′E, 24.iv.1992, Harvey, M. S., Waldock, J. M. Leg. (AUSTMUS T66616, used for SEM); 1 male, Carabooda area, A. Lombardo’s property, un-named cave, YN-515, twilight zone, 31°35′S, 115°42′E, 22.v.1999, Foulds, R. Leg. (AUSTMUS T66617 used for SEM); 1 juv, Stirling Range National Park, Toolbrunup Peak Track, scree slope, 34°24′S, 118°04′E, 31.iii.1993, Harvey, M. S., Waldock, J. M. Leg. (AUSTMUS T66618); 1 female, Stirling Range National Park, S. of Bluff Knoll, 34°23′S, 118°15′E, 1.v.1996, Harvey, M. S., Waldock, J. M., Main, B. Y. Leg. (AUSTMUS T66620 used for dissection and SEM); 1 juv., Glenbourne, S. of Gracetown, site 5, 33°53′S, 115°00′E, 18.iv.–20.iv.1998, Marsh, L. <i>et al</i>. Leg. (AUSTMUS T66622); 1 juv., Karri Valley Resort, 34°26′S, 115°51′E, 21.x.1997, Waldock, J. M. Leg. (AUSTMUS T66623). 3 juv., forest near Tinglewood Cabins, 34°54′51.0″S, 116°43′50.9″E, elevation 185 m, G. Hormiga Leg. (GH0111, one of the specimens sequenced); 1 female, Talbot Road Nature Reserve, 31°52′24″S, 116°03′04″E, 29.viii.2006, Waldock, J. M., Edward, K. Leg. (AUSTMUS T79005); 2 juv., Jandakot Airport, site JK1, 32°05′36″S, 115°52′39″E, 4.v.– 6.vii.1995, Waldock, J. M., Harvey, M. S. Leg. (AUSTMUS T98587); 1 juv., Jandakot Airport, site JK1, 32°05′36″S, 115°52′39″E, 21.ii.–4.v.1995, Waldock, J. M., Harvey, M. S. Leg. (AUSTMUS T98588); 1 juv., Perth Airport, site PA6, 31°58′05″S, 115°58′05″E, 6.i.–18.iii.1994, Harvey, M. S., Waldock J. M. Leg. (AUSTMUS T98589); 1 juv., Woodman Point, site WO2, 32°07′50″S, 115°45′28″E, 04.xi.1994 – 19.i.1995, Waldock, J. M., Harvey, M. S. Leg. (AUSTMUS T98590); 1 juv., Woodman Point, site WO1, 32°07′47″S, 115°45′23″E, 19.i.–21.iii.1995, Harvey, M. S., Waldock, J. M. Leg. (AUSTMUS T98591); 1 female, Rottnest Island, near Lake Timperley, 32°00′23″S, 115°31′11″E, 13.vi.2007, Rix, M. G. Leg. (AUSTMUS T98592); 1 male, 1 female, Porongurup National Park, deep gully west of Waddy’s Hut, 34°40′55″S, 117°50′55″E, 29.iv.2008, Rix, M. G., Harvey, M. S. Leg. (AUSTMUS T98593); 1 male, Boonarring Nature Reserve, off Wannamel West Road, 31°10′27″S, 115°50′57″E, 15.vi.2007, Rix, M. G.Leg. (AUSTMUS T98594); 2 males, 1 female, Austin Bay Nature Reserve, E. of Peel Inlet, end of Beacham Road, 32°36′42″S, 115°47′11″E, 12.vi.2007, Rix, M. G.Leg. (AUSTMUS T98595); 1 female, Sand Patch Beach Reserve, Cuthbert, W of Roberts Road, 35°01′59″S, 117°47′47″E, 18.iii.2008, Rix, M., Harvey, M. S. Leg. (AUSTMUS T98596); 2 males, 1 female, S. of Bremer Bay, near Yate Road, 34°24′10″S, 119°22′43″E, 02.v.2008, Rix, M. G., Harvey, M. S., Newell, J. Leg. (AUSTMUS T98597); 1 male, Two Peoples Bay Nature Reserve, Sinker Reef Road, 34°59′12″S, 118°08′56″E, 01.v.2008, Rix, M., Harvey, M. S. Leg. (AUSTMUS T98598); 1 male, Stirling Range National Park, base of Pyongurup Peak, 34°21′54″S, 118°19′44″E, 05.viii.2008, Rix, M., Harvey, M. S. Leg. (AUSTMUS T98599); 1 female, Lesueur National Park, north of Mt Lesueur, 30°09′59″S, 115°12′06″E, 19.vi.2007, Rix, M. G. Leg. (AUSTMUS T98600); 1 female, 1 juv., Torndirrup National Park, Salmon Hole Road, 35°06′07″S, 117°58′03″E, 30.iv.2008, Rix, M. G., Harvey, M. S. Leg. (AUSTMUS T98601); 1 female, Badgingarra National Park, off Bibby Road, 4.4 km W of Brand Highway, 30°29′14″S, Lon; 115°26′05″E, 19.vi.2007, Rix, M. G. Leg. (AUSTMUS T98602); 1 male, Two Peoples Bay Nature Reserve, near Picnic Area, 34°58′27″S, 118°10′42″E, 01.v.2008, Rix, M., Harvey, M. S. Leg. (AUSTMUS T98603); 1 male, Buller Nature Reserve, 9.5 km SW of Waroona, 32°52′04″S, 115°49′43″E, 22.vii.2007, Rix, M. G. Leg. (AUSTMUS T98604); 1 male, Modong Nature Reserve. 1.5 km NE of Rockingham, 32°13′10″S, 115°54′09″E, 5.vi.2007, Rix, M. G. Leg. (AUSTMUS T98605).</p>Published as part of <i>Dimitrov, Dimitar & Hormiga, Gustavo, 2011, An extraordinary new genus of spiders from Western Australia with an expanded hypothesis on the phylogeny of Tetragnathidae (Araneae), pp. 735-768 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) 161 (4)</i> on pages 756-763, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2010.00662.x, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5440041">http://zenodo.org/record/5440041</a>
Zodarion imroz Dimitrov 2020, spec. nov.
No full textZodarion imroz spec. nov. (Figs 1–7) Type material. Holotype ♂, Turkey, Gökçeada Island, 15.07.1993, Petar Beron leg. (NMNHS, ARA-Z.0005.1). Etymology. Named after Imroz, which is one of the old names for Gökçeada Island; name in apposition. Diagnosis. The new species belongs to the Z. thoni species-group. A close relationship to Zodarion beroni Komnenov & Chatzaki, 2016 is recognized by the smaller size, the presence of a dorsal scutum on the abdomen and the bifurcated apical part of the embolus. The two species can be separated by the following characters: (1) Z. imroz spec. nov. with rectangular MA (Figs 4, 6) whereas MA of Z. beroni is more irregularly shaped. (2) Z. imroz spec. nov. with characteristically twisted PMA, with triangular end, situated near the embolic base (Figs 4, 6), while Z. beroni with leaf-shaped PMA, positioned higher (Komnenov et al. 2016, fig 105–106). (3) Z. imroz spec. nov. with embolus longer and situated much higher above the MA (Figs 4, 6) than in Z. beroni. Description. Holotype male (Figs 1–7). Measurements. Total length 2.12; carapace length 1.08, width 0.75; sternum length 0.58, width 0.50; chelicerae length 0.42, width 0.20; clypeus height 0.16; cymbium length 0.45; eye diameters: AME 0.09, ALE 0.06, PME 0.05, PLE 0.05; abdomen length 1.04, width 0.68; leg I—2.95 (0.36, 0.72, 0.29, 0.54, 0.54, 0.50), leg II—2.53 (0.29, 0.58, 0.25, 0.47, 0.47, 0.47), leg III—2.38 (0.32, 0.45, 0.25, 0.43, 0.50, 0.43), leg IV—(0.40, 0.90, 0.30, -, -, -). The last 3 segments of the leg IV missing. Colouration. Carapace orange to light brown, smooth and shiny, lighter in anterior part, with dark brownishgray pattern posteriorly (Fig 1). Anterior eye row region black. Fovea dark brown. The margin of the carapace bordered with narrow brownish-gray strip. Legs and sternum orange, a little lighter than the carapace. Chelicerae the same color as carapace. Palpal segments the same color as the legs. Dorsal scutum of the abdomen brown, with metallic glint and faint darker pattern (Fig 2). Ventral side of abdomen yellowish in centre, darker in anterior and posterior ends (Fig 3). Colulus pale orange. Spinnerets white. Other somatic characters. Posterior eye row strongly recurved. AME much larger than the other eyes. Distance PME-PME 0.13. ALE and PLE close to AME, distance 0.02. Distance AME-AME 0.02. Chelicerae with opistognathic position. Femoral organ with 3 or 4 setae. Abdomen oval, with 2 spinnerets and dorsal scutum covering its whole length. Colulus represented by a broad, narrow hairy plate. Palp (Figs 4–7). RTA notched dorsally in distal part, with sharp black tip (Figs 5, 7). Bulbus oval. Embolus long and thin, starting approximately at 8 o’clock and ending at 2 o’clock, apical part forked. MA large, rectangular with characteristically twisted prolateral process with triangular prolaterad end (Figs 4, 6). Female unknown. Distribution. Known only from the type locality (Fig 16). Remarks. Although Z. imroz spec. nov. is described from only one male specimen, it is highly unlikely to be the unknown male of an already described species, having in mind that there are no Zodarion species known only by females from Turkey. Also, none of the two Greek species known only by females belongs to Z. thoni -group.Published as part of Dimitrov, Dragomir, 2020, Taxonomic contribution to the genus Zodarion Walckenaer, 1826 in Turkey with description of a new species (Araneae: Zodariidae), pp. 361-367 in Zootaxa 4810 (2) on page 362, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4810.2.9, http://zenodo.org/record/393833
Regrouping of endowments in exchange markets with indivisible goods
No full textDimitrov D, Haake C-J. Regrouping of endowments in exchange markets with indivisible goods. Working Papers. Institute of Mathematical Economics. Vol 367. Bielefeld: Universität Bielefeld; 2005.In this paper we are interested in efficient and individually rational exchange rules for markets with heterogeneous indivisible goods that exclude the possibility that an agent benefits by regrouping goods in her initial endowment. We present a suitable environment in which the existence of such rules can be analysed, and show the incompatibility of efficiency, individual rationality and regrouping-proofness even if agents' preferences are additive separable
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