108,078 research outputs found
Cyclopecten cancellus Dijkstra 1991
No full textCyclopecten cancellus Dijkstra, 1991 Figs 15H–I,K, 16 Cyclopecten cancellus Dijkstra, 1991: 21, figs 66–70; Dijkstra, 2001: 90, figs 33–35; Dijkstra & Moolenbeek, 2008: 18; Dijkstra & Maestrati, 2008: 97; Dijkstra & Maestrati, 2013b: 474. Type data. Holotype (lv) RMNH56560, 14 paratypes (v) RMNH56561–56566. Type locality: Indonesia, Flores Sea, off SW Salayer, 6°22.4'S 120°26.3'E, dead, 130–155 m (SNELLIUS-II stn 4.153). Additional material examined. — AUSTRALIA: QUEENSLAND: off Cairns, 16°36'12"– 16°35'54"S 146°15'24"– 146°14'18"E, dead, 110–201 m (1 v, C.165464). WESTERNAUSTRALIA: S of Cowaramup Bay, near mouth of Margaret River, 33°57'S 114°59'E, dead (2 v, C.165468); Kilcarnup, N side of Margaret River, 33°57'S 114°59'E, dead, beach (1 v, C.374666); Ellensbrook, 33°55'S 115°0'E, dead, beach (2 v, WAM S12952); Cowaramup, 33°52'S 115°0'E, dead (2 v [rudimentary internal riblets], WAM S12559; 1 v, WAM S12535); Rottnest Island, 32°0'S 115°30'E, dead, beach (9 v, WAM415.91); Rottnest Island, Bathurst Point, 32°0'S 115°30'E, dead, beach (1 v, WAM414.91); Rottnest Island, Ricey Beach, 32°0'S 115°30'E, dead, beach (3 v, WAM413.91; 1 v, C.165465); Cottesloe, Cable Station, 33°0'S 115°45'E, dead (1 v, WAM481.91); NW of Beagle Island, 29°43'S 114°17'E, dead, 274–283 m (1 v, C.165466). — NEW CALEDONIA: off New Caledonia, 20°16'S 169°51'E, alive, 85–100 m (2 pr, C.165234). Figure 16. Distribution of Cyclopecten cancellus Dijkstra (circles), C. horridus Dijkstra (star), C. powelli Dell (triangle) and C. reticulatus sp. nov. (squares). Description. Shell small, up to c. 3 mm high, convex, subcircular, opaque, whitish to cream, wider than high, inequivalve, almost equilateral, left valve slightly more convex than right, auricles almost equal in size, umbonal angle c. 100°. Left valve with coarse reticulate sculpture with scaly intersections, radial riblets (c. 10) more prominent than commarginal lamellae, both widely spaced, commencing at 0.5 mm shell height and increasing in prominence ventrally, with secondary interstitial radial riblets. Auricles with 1–2 radial riblets crossed by prominent commarginal lamellae. Right valve with closely spaced commarginal lamellae. Anterior auricle with 2–4 weak radial riblets, posterior smooth. Dorsal margin straight. Byssal notch moderately deep, byssal fasciole narrow. Habitat. Living in the sublittoral and bathyal zones amongst rubble on soft bottoms. Distribution. Indonesia, 130–375 m, dead; Vanuatu, 140–175 m, dead (Dijkstra, 1991, 2001); Fiji, 500–614 m, dead (Dijkstra & Maestrati, 2008). Now also from New Caledonia (85–100 m) and Australia (beach drift and 110–283 m, dead). Remarks. The present species is similar to the type specimens from Indonesia, although some specimens from Western Australia have some rudimentary internal riblets, which are lacking in typical specimens. Cyclopecten cancellus is a new record for Australia (empty shells only).Published as part of Dijkstra, Henk H. & Beu, Alan G., 2018, Living Scallops of Australia and Adjacent Waters (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Pectinoidea: Propeamussiidae, Cyclochlamydidae and Pectinidae), pp. 113-330 in Records of the Australian Museum (Rec. Aust. Mus.) (Rec. Aust. Mus.) 70 (2) on page 149, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.70.2018.1670, http://zenodo.org/record/529901
Parvamussium retiolum Dijkstra 1995
No full textParvamussium retiolum Dijkstra, 1995 Figs 8C,E,K, 9 Parvamussium retiolum Dijkstra, 1995b: 29, figs 39–42, 97; Dijkstra, 2001: 85; Dijkstra & Marshall, 2008: 10, figs 8A–G, 9; Dijkstra & Maestrati, 2008: 93; Spencer et al., 2009: 198; Dijkstra & Maestrati, 2013b: 473. Type data. Holotype (pr) MNHN Moll 21171. Paratypes (39pr+6v): 35 MNHN Moll 21172, 2 C.201713, 2 ZMA Moll. 395026, 2 NMNZ M.268537, 2 NSMT-Mo70541, 2 USNM890860. Type locality: Coral Sea, Chesterfield Is., 19°47'S 158°44'E, alive, 685–700 m (MUSORSTOM 5 stn CP 363). Additional material examined. — AUSTRALIA: QUEENSLAND: SE of Swain Reefs,22°20'09"– 22°26'16"S 153°17'05"E,dead, 187 m (1 v,C.462543); E of Lady Elliott Island, 24°0'S 153°06'E, dead, 476–531 m (4 v, C.165535). WESTERN AUSTRALIA: SW of Cape Naturaliste, 33°44.5'S 114°26.1'E, dead, 183–238 m (3 v, C.165545); W of Garden Island, 32°15'S 115°03'E, dead, 250–258 m (1 v, C.165550); W of Rottnest Island, 31°0'S 114°51'E, dead (1 v, C.165548); 80 n. ml NNE of Port Hedland, 19°03.6'– 19°04'S 119°03.4'– 119°05'E,dead, 82 m (3 v, C.157711); N of Port Hedland, 18°40'S 117°55'E, dead, 150 m (1 v, C.157679); c. 240 ml NE of Broome, 14°37'S 123°40'E,dead, 80 m (19 v, C.165494 [in part]); c. 140 ml N of Cape Leveque, 14°29'S 123°03'E,dead, 124 m (many v [atypical],C.165493). CORAL SEA:Elizabeth Reef, 29°53.82'S 159°01.65'E, alive, 420 m (1 pr, C.165246). —NEW CALEDONIA: S of Ile des Pins, 22°50'S 167°34'E, dead, 274 m (many v, C.165441; 4 v, C.165439); 4 ml S of Ile des Pins, 22°50'S 167°34'E, dead, 275 m (16 v, C.165443 [in part]; 1 v, C.165442 [in part]; 5 v, C.165444). Description. Shell up to c. 16 mm high, fragile, inequivalve, inequilateral, left valve slightly more convex than right, translucent white, auricles unequal, umbonal angle c. 95°. Inner surface with 10 riblets, plus 1 posterior auricular riblet and 4 rudimentery auricular riblets on left valve and 3 on right, ends of riblets somewhat nodose. Left valve sculptured with delicate commarginal lamellae crossing closely spaced radial riblets, somwhat coarser near umbonal area than elsewhere, more delicate near ventral margin.Auricles with fine radial riblets crossed near margin by fine commarginal lamellae. Right valve with regular commarginal lirae, closely spaced near umbonal area, more widely spaced near ventral margin. Microscopic interstitial radial scratches near margins. Auricles with commarginal lamellae, more prominent anteriorly. Strongly developed scales on anterodorsal margin. Byssal notch narrow. Habitat. Living on the continental shelf and in the bathyal zone, free amongst soft sediment. Distribution. Chesterfield Islands, Coral Sea, 620–700; New Caledonia, 720–800 m (Dijkstra, 1995b, 2001); New Zealand: many lots listed by Dijkstra & Marshall (2008: 10, fig. 9) from the Norfolk Ridge N of Norfolk Island (26°25.2'S 167°11.2'E, 714–756 m, 11 v, NMNZ M.171056) to South Ritchie Trough, off Mahia Peninsula, central E North Island (39°58.59'S 178°14.18'E, alive, 990 m, 2 pr, NIWA V466), in 316–1000 m (Dijkstra & Marshall, 2008: 11, fig. 9); Fiji, 310–699 m; Tonga, 391–510 m (dead) (Dijkstra & Maestrati, 2008). Now also Queensland and Western Australia. Maximum depth range of live-taken specimens is 310–1000 m. Present specimens in 82–531 m, alive in 420 m. Remarks. Parvamussium retiolum is closely similar to P. maorium, but differs in the sculpture of the left valve (P. maorium is smooth on the central part of the disc and radially sculptured laterally, P. retiolum commarginally and radially sculptured throughout). Other morphological characters are very similar. Parvamussium retiolum is a new record for Australia.Published as part of Dijkstra, Henk H. & Beu, Alan G., 2018, Living Scallops of Australia and Adjacent Waters (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Pectinoidea: Propeamussiidae, Cyclochlamydidae and Pectinidae), pp. 113-330 in Records of the Australian Museum (Rec. Aust. Mus.) (Rec. Aust. Mus.) 70 (2) on page 138, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.70.2018.1670, http://zenodo.org/record/529901
Glorichlamys Dijkstra 1991
No full textKey to species of Glorichlamys from Australia 1 Shell c. 20 mm high, circular to oblong, flattened to weakly inflated, 9–13 radial costae, 1–3 intercalated radial riblets, interstitial commarginal lamellae, byssal notch deep, byssal fasciole broad........................................................................................ G. elegantissima —— Shell with quadripartite radial costae........................................................................................ 2 2 Shell c. 25 mm high, subcircular to oblong, valves weakly inflated, radial costae quadripartite, byssal notch shallow, byssal fasciole narrow.................................................................................................... G. quadrilirataPublished as part of Dijkstra, Henk H. & Beu, Alan G., 2018, Living Scallops of Australia and Adjacent Waters (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Pectinoidea: Propeamussiidae, Cyclochlamydidae and Pectinidae), pp. 113-330 in Records of the Australian Museum (Rec. Aust. Mus.) (Rec. Aust. Mus.) 70 (2) on page 192, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.70.2018.1670, http://zenodo.org/record/529901
Cyclochlamydidae Dijkstra & Maestrati 2012
No full textKey to genera of Cyclochlamydidae occurring in Australia 1 Shell small, triangular prodissoconch on lv, smooth or radially and/or commarginally sculptured on lv, rv with hexagonal microstructure................................................................................................................. Cyclochlamys —— Shell small with a weakly inflated prodissoconch on lv........................................................... 2 2 Shell smooth or radially and/or commarginally sculptured on lv, many specimens posteriorly oblique, rv with hexagonal microstructure................................................................................................................... ChlamydellaPublished as part of Dijkstra, Henk H. & Beu, Alan G., 2018, Living Scallops of Australia and Adjacent Waters (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Pectinoidea: Propeamussiidae, Cyclochlamydidae and Pectinidae), pp. 113-330 in Records of the Australian Museum (Rec. Aust. Mus.) (Rec. Aust. Mus.) 70 (2) on page 157, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.70.2018.1670, http://zenodo.org/record/529901
Gynacantha congolica Dijkstra, sp. nov.
No full textGynacantha congolica Dijkstra sp. nov. – Congo Duskhawker (Type Photo 25, Photos 39–40, Fig. 15) Taxonomy Dijkstra (2005 b) reported several specimens from Congo-Kinshasa that were darker and larger than typical G. manderica Grünberg, 1902 and had higher wing vein counts, but hesitated to name them as a distinct taxon. Fresh material revealed additional morphological characters and enabled genetic analysis. While the number of genetic samples is still limited, the distinct morphology and likelihood of geographic overlap are sufficient to separate the two specifically, and they were treated as such by Dijkstra & Clausnitzer (2014). Material studied Holotype ♂ . Congo-Kinshasa, Province Orientale, Yaekela, Congo River and village on its bank, 420 m a.s.l. (0.80612 ° N 24.28389 ° E), 08-v- 2010, leg. K.- D.B. Dijkstra, RMNH. Further material. CONGO-KINSHASA (Equateur): 1 ♀, Ubangi, Binga, 05– 12 -iii- 1932, leg. H.J. Brédo, MRAC. 1 ♀, Mobeka, undated, leg. unknown, RMNH. CONGO-KINSHASA (Katanga): 1 ♀, Elisabethville (= Lubumbashi), undated, leg. illegible, MRAC. CONGO-KINSHASA (Province Orientale): 1 ♂ (RMNH.INS.502331), between Yangole and Yaeoli on Yaekela- Lilanda road, blackwater swamp forest, 376 m a.s.l (0.80173 ° N 24.29783 ° E), 05-v- 2010, leg. K.-D.B. Dijkstra, RMNH. 1 ♂ (RMNH.INS.502214), Yaekela, flooded forest and farmbush, 410 m a.s.l. (0.81 ° N 24.28 ° E), 02-v- 2010, leg. K.-D.B. Dijkstra, RMNH. 1 ♀, Elisabetha (= Lokutu), 1920, leg. Mme Tinant, MRAC. CONGO-KINSHASA (Kinshasa Province): 1 ♂, Leopoldville (= Kinshasa), undated, leg. Duvivier, ISNB. 2 ♀, Kinshasa, 25 -iii- 1899, leg. Waelbroeck, ISNB. Genetics Two unique haplotypes (n= 2) close to two of G. manderica (n = 4) (Tree 4). Male morphological diagnosis Belongs to the bullata -group (see G. pupillata sp. nov.) and similar to G.manderica by (a) the distinctly blackened triangular depression on the venter of the thorax anterior to the poststernum; (b) the dark mid and hind legs with pale streaks on the tibiae; and (c) the posterior portion of the genital fossa border densely set with denticles. However, is (1) larger, Hw 42.0–44.0 mm (n = 4) rather than 35.0–39.0 mm (n = 17); (2) the mark on the frons is broad and pentagonal, rather than narrow and mushroom-like (Fig. 15); (3)there are no dark dots on the fossae of the humeral and meta- pleural sutures; (4) the wing bases have distinct dark rays to Ax 2–3; and (5)has 22–27 rather than 13–19 Ax in Fw. Etymology The name refers to occurrence in the Congo Basin (feminine adjective). Range and ecology Appears to occur in rainforest throughout the Congo Basin between 300 and 420 m a.s.l., possibly favouring sites flooded by river water (Photo 39). Typical G. manderica prefers dense vegetation in savannas. The two species may overlap locally in eastern Congo-Kinshasa, although we doubt the provenance of the undated Lubumbashi record of G. congolica sp. nov. (Map 7).Published as part of Dijkstra, Klaas-Douwe B., Kipping, Jens & Mézière, Nicolas, 2015, Sixty new dragonfly and damselfly species from Africa (Odonata), pp. 447-678 in Odonatologica 44 (4) on pages 544-548, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3538
Gynacantha pupillata Dijkstra, sp. nov.
No full textGynacantha pupillata Dijkstra sp. nov. – Spectacled Duskhawker (Type Photo 26, Photo 40, Fig. 15) Taxonomy First recorded as an unidentified female from Liberia by Lempert (1988). Recent material shows it is widespread and genetically and morphologically distinct: thus treated as a good species by Dijkstra & Clausnitzer (2014). Belongs to the bullata -group of Gynacantha Rambur, 1842 with G. bullata Karsch, 1891, G. congolica sp. nov., G. manderica, G. nigeriensis (Gambles, 1956), G. usambarica Sjöstedt, 1909, and G. victoriae (Pinhey, 1961). Dijkstra (2005 b) synonymised the last with G. bullata on account of their (a)small size, Hw 35.0–44.0 mm; (b) pale legs with dark rings around the joints; (c) the absence of denticles in the posterior portion of the genital fossa border; and (d) the ventral carinae of S 6–8 lacking denticles. However, G. victoriae is genetically distinct (Tree 4) and has (1) the antennal sockets on the frons usually not blackened and thus contrasting with the black vertex (Fig. 15); (2) broad blackish smears over the humeral sutures; (3) blue markings with maturity on the plate between Hw bases, dorsally on apex of S 2 and laterally on base of S 3; and (4) shorter cerci, 5.0– 5.5 mm and less than 3 x as long as the epiproct, distinctly shorter than S 8–10 combined (Fig. 15) [rejected synonymy]. Material studied Holotype ♂ . RMNH.INS.502124, Congo-Kinshasa, Province Orientale, Lower Aruwimi, Bomane, Village on Aruwimi River and old oil palm plantation, 427 m a.s.l. (1.27 ° N 23.73 ° E), 23 -v- 2010, leg. K.- D.B. Dijkstra, RMNH. Further material. CAMEROON (Littoral Province): 1 ♀ (RMNH.INS.500174), 30 km SW of Edéa, Douala-Edéa Reserve, about 3 km east of Marienberg, narrow forest strip along a grassy swamp beside the Sanaga River, 10–20 m a.s.l. (3.62 ° N 9.91 ° E), 18 -vi- 2008, leg. K.- D.B. Dijkstra & K. Schütte, RMNH. CONGO-BRAZZAVILLE: 1 ♀, 36 km north-east of Pointe-Noire, Hinda area, stream forest and good Hallea swamp forest, 17 m a.s.l. (4.5937 ° S 12.1309 ° E), 23 -vi- 2014, leg. L. Niemand & C. Ngou- lou, RMNH. CONGO-KINSHASA (Province Orientale): 4 ♂ (RMNH.INS.502176), as holotype, RMNH. LIBERIA (Grand Gedeh County): 1 ♂ (RMNH.INS.501580), 1 ♀ (RMNH.INS.501581), Putu Iron Ore Mining concession, near former village of Boloweah, sandy and gravelly stream running from rainforest into tangly clearing, 260 m a.s.l. (5.6891 ° N 8.1678 ° W), 05-ii- 2011, leg. K.-D.B. Dijkstra & A. Dayeker, RMNH. 1 ♀, NE of Zwedru, high forest away from water near the Cavalla River, 06-iii- 1982, leg. & coll. J. Lempert. SIERRA LEONE (Eastern Province): 1 ♂ (RMNH.INS.503152), Gola Forest, 1 km NE of Mayengema, small stream in forest, 131 m a.s.l. (7.6504 ° N 10.7838 ° W), 04-iii- 2011, leg. K.-D.B. Dijkstra & A. Dayeker, RMNH. Genetics Five unique haplotypes (n= 6) are very distinct but nearest to G. usambarica (Tree 4). Male morphological diagnosis Belongs to the bullata -group by (a) the distinct black mark on the frons; (b)the pale rim of the metastigma; (c) the presence of brace veins below Pt; (d) the genital fossa border with distinct rows of 8–14 denticles; (e) S 3 distinctly waisted near its base; (f) the lateral carinae of S 8 normally with denticles, like the ventral carinae; and (g) the cerci of rather even width throughout (Fig. 15). Nearest to G. nigeriensis and G. usambarica by (h) the uniformly pale legs; and (i) the ventral carinae of S 7–8 and sometimes S 6 with denticles. However, is (1) smaller, Hw 41.0–44.0 mm (n= 7) rather than 43.0–48.0 mm (n= 33); (2) duller in colour, with an olive rather than grass green thorax, and at most the plate between Hw bases and a dorsal pair of spots on the apex of S 2 blue; (3) the frons bears an isolated black dot anterior to each antenna (Fig. 15); (4) the wing bases have distinct dark rays to Ax 1–2; and (5) all wings have 5–14 cells doubled between R 2 and R 3 proximal to the brace vein, i.e., forming 2 cell rows. The dull colour, dotted frons and doubled cell rows are unique within the group. Etymology Named for the pair of pupil-like dots on the frons (feminine adjective). Range and ecology Rather localised but widespread in rainforest from sea level to 430 m a.s.l. in Sierra Leone, Liberia, Cameroon, Congo-Brazzaville and central Congo- Kinshasa, but precise breeding habitat unknown (Map 7).Published as part of Dijkstra, Klaas-Douwe B., Kipping, Jens & Mézière, Nicolas, 2015, Sixty new dragonfly and damselfly species from Africa (Odonata), pp. 447-678 in Odonatologica 44 (4) on pages 549-552, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3538
Orthetrum agaricum Dijkstra, sp. nov.
No full textOrthetrum agaricum Dijkstra sp. nov. – Western Mushroom Skimmer (Type Photo 50, Photos 65–66, Fig. 31) Taxonomy Although their morphology did not initially suggest it, three new Orthetrum species first recognised in the field were found to be genetically close to each other and O. saegeri Pinhey, 1966 (Tree 8). The latter species itself comprised of two geographically distinct groups, which differ in details of the hamule and markings. All species in this saegeri -group are rather small and slender, occurring locally in cooler (shaded or elevated) habitats with much organic material (e.g., peat moss, leaf litter) and little open water. Material studied Holotype ♂ . RMNH.INS.501573, Liberia, Grand Gedeh County, Putu Iron Ore Mining concession, 3 km south of Slabbertsville camp, sandy stream in rainforest, 233 m a.s.l. (5.6366 ° N 8.1674 ° W), 03-ii- 2011, leg. K.-D.B. Dijkstra & A. Dayeker, RMNH. Further material. GHANA (Eastern Region): 1 ♂, N of Kibi, Atewa Range Forest Reserve, Obeng-ne-obeng stream, 637 m a.s.l. (6.2342 ° N 0.5675 ° W), 20 -vi- 2006, leg. K.-D.B. Dijkstra, RMNH. LIBERIA (Grand Gedeh County): 4 ♂, as holotype, RMNH. 1 ♂, as holotype, CJKL. 1 ♂ (RMNH.INS.501520), Putu Iron Ore Mining concession, Biodiversity Camp, sandy and gravelly streams and muddy seepage in rainforest, 299 m a.s.l. (5.6592 ° N 8.2041 ° W), 22 -i- 2011, leg. K.-D.B. Dijkstra & A. Dayeker, RMNH. 1 ♂, Putu Iron Ore Mining concession, swamp south of Mt Montroh, dammed swamp and feeder stream and springs in rainforest, 215 m a.s.l. (5.6845 ° N 8.1392 ° W), 14 -ii- 2011, leg. K.-D.B. Dijkstra & A. Dayeker, RMNH. LIBERIA (Nimba County): 1 ♀ (RMNH.INS.504213), Mt Tokadeh, north of corner swamp, road edge in rainforest, 676 m a.s.l. (7.4661 ° N 8.6650 ° W), 20 -iii- 2011, leg. K.-D.B. Dijkstra, RMNH. Genetics Three unique haplotypes (n = 3) with no evidence that this species is nearer to O. saegeri than to other species in the group (Tree 8). Male morphological diagnosis Nearest to its eastern counterpart O. saegeri by (a) moderate size, Hw 29.5– 30.5 mm (n = 7); (b) the absence of cell-doublings in the radial planate and thus a single row of cells there; (c) all subcostal Ax dark; (d) the mediumsized dark brown Pt that are 10–11 % of Hw length, 3.0– 3.3 mm; (e) Hw base faintly yellow, but never with a dark brown patch; (f) the slender abdomen, though shorter than Hw; and (g) the hamule excised anteriorly, with expanded hood- or mushroom-like hook that is turned outward, hugging and often partly concealed by the lobe (Fig. 31). When not pruinose also similar by (h) the dorsa of S 4–6 bearing pairs of pale subapical spots that lie closer to the dorsal than lateral carinae, while the appendages often remain pale. However, (1) the anterior excision at the base of the hood-like hamule hook has a straight rather than sigmoid profile; and (2) the out-turned part of the hamular hook is less than twice as long as wide in ventral view, rather than well over (Fig. 31). When not pruinose also (3) only S 4–6 have distinct pale subapical spots and S 7 is black at most with hint of a spot, while O. saegeri typically has a similar spot there as on S 4–6. Etymology Latinised form of the Greek agarikon (“mushroom”) refers to the distinctive shape of the hamule’s hook (noun in apposition). Range and ecology Replaces O. saegeri from Liberia to Ghana and possibly also Nigeria, recorded at similar rainforest habitat between 200 and 700 m a.s.l (Map 11). Males were either found flying rapidly over streams or perching by shaded swamps with much detritus.Published as part of Dijkstra, Klaas-Douwe B., Kipping, Jens & Mézière, Nicolas, 2015, Sixty new dragonfly and damselfly species from Africa (Odonata), pp. 447-678 in Odonatologica 44 (4) on pages 632-636, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3538
Eleuthemis umbrina Dijkstra & Lempert, sp. nov.
No full textEleuthemis umbrina Dijkstra & Lempert sp. nov. – Shadow Firebelly (Type Photo 46, Photos 59–60, Fig. 28) Taxonomy First recognised in Liberia as a distinctly coloured ecological form of E. buettikoferi or possibly a good species (Lempert 1988). Genetic data show it is among the most distinct taxa within this formerly monotypic genus, particularly relative to the topotypical and sympatric E. buettikoferi (Tree 7). The characters described for E. b. monardi Schmidt, 1951 from nearby Guinea-Bissau agree with the latter. Material studied Holotype ♂ . RMNH.INS.501604, Liberia, Grand Gedeh County, Putu Iron Ore Mining concession, Jebeh River at Johnsonville, sandy forested river (Photo 60), 216 m a.s.l. (5.6329 ° N 8.1413 ° W), 10 -ii- 2011, leg. K.-D.B. Dijkstra & A. Dayeker, RMNH. Further material. GHANA (Eastern Region): 3 ♂, Asikam Gold Mine and Wankobi stream, 291 m a.s.l. (6.2017 ° N 0.5365 ° W), 19 -vi- 2016, leg. K.-D.B. Dijkstra, RMNH. 2 ♂, Asiakwa, rocky stream SW of Asiakwa, 264 m a.s.l. (6.2533 ° N, 0.5130 ° W), 09-v- 2000, leg. K.-D.B. Dijkstra, RMNH. GHANA (Western Region): 4 ♂, bridge over Ankasa River near tourist camp, 60 m a.s.l. (5.215 ° N 2.650 ° W), 09-iv- 2000, leg. K.-D.B. Dijkstra, RMNH. GHA- NA (Volta Region): 3 ♂ 1 ♀, Agumatsa River between Wli Waterfalls and village, 261 m a.s.l. (7.1167 ° N 0.5833 ° E), 26 -iv- 2000, leg. K.-D.B. Dijkstra, RMNH. LIBERIA (Grand Gedeh County): 2 ♂ (RMNH.INS.501603), as holotype, RMNH. 1 ♂, several larvae (RMNH.INS.501503), Putu Iron Ore Mining concession, Sawleh river (main stream of central valley between Mts Ghi and Jideh) between Jackson’s and Biodiversity Camps, small sandy and gravelly river in somewhat disturbed rainforest, 266 m a.s.l. (5.6592 ° N 8.1979 ° W), 21 -i- 2011, leg. K.-D.B. Dijkstra & A. Dayeker, RMNH. 2 larvae (RMNH.INS.501622), W of Jawordee, muddy, sandy and gravelly stream, part forested, part open with aquatic vegetation, 208 m a.s.l. (5.6167 ° N 8.3260 ° W), 12 -ii- 2011, leg K.-D.B. Dijkstra, RMNH. LIBERIA (Nimba County): 3 ♂, northern bank Yah (Dayea) River near Gbapa, Gbaleh Creek, calm sandy river in cocoa plantations, 470 m a.s.l. (7.507 ° N 8.638 ° W), 07- x- 2010, leg. K.-D.B. Dijkstra, RMNH. 1 ♂, Lugbeyee-Bonlah Road, stream on eastern side of Bonlah, large, gravelly and sandy stream in farmbush, 437 m a.s.l. (7.507 ° N 8.638 ° W), 13 -x- 2010, leg K.-D.B. Dijkstra, RMNH. 2 ♂ (RMNH.INS.501416), same locality, 04-i- 2010, leg K.-D.B. Dijkstra, RMNH. LIBERIA (Grand Gedeh County): 2 ♂, Cavalla River, 33 km E of Zwedru, 206 m a.s.l. (6.083 ° N 7.83 ° W), 03–05-iii- 1982, leg. & coll. J. Lempert. 1 ♂, Dugbi River, 24 km E of Zwedru, 224 m a.s.l. (6.083 ° N 7.83 ° W), 19 -xi- 1983, leg. & coll. J. Lempert. SIERRA LEONE (Eastern Province): 1 ♂, 1 larva, Gola Forest, Gagbe stream, 1 km W of Mogbaima, parts in forest, parts in disturbed area with diamond pits, 136 m a.s.l. (7.6574 ° N 10.7788 ° W), 02-iii- 2011, leg. K.-D.B. Dijkstra, RMNH. 1 ♂, Gola Forest, Mogbai River upstream from Mogbaima, mostly gravelly and rocky river in forest, 139 m a.s.l. (7.6596 ° N 10.7676 ° W), 03-iii- 2011, leg. K.-D.B. Dijkstra, RMNH. 2 ♂ (RMNH.INS.503110), Gola Forest, Wibwa (Wegbua) stream at Mayengema, 152 m a.s.l. (7.6426 ° N 10.7898 ° W), 01-iii- 2011, leg. K.-D.B. Dijkstra, RMNH. Genetics Four unique haplotypes (n = 6) form the sister-group of all other Eleuthemis species except E. libera sp. nov. (Tree 7). Male morphological diagnosis Morphologically like E. buettikoferi with (a) moderate size, Hw 24.5 – 26.0mm (n= 3); (b) the distinct black border to labrum; (c) the vertex and occipital triangle blackened at least basally; (d) the Fw discoidal field entirely of two or more rows of cells; (e) the abdomen being entirely whitish pruinose on the upperside with maturity; (f) the largely blackish secondary genitalia; and (g) the acute tip to the hook of the hamule (like Fig. 28). However, (1) the ventral portions of the sternites of S 1–9 are yellow marked with black on the ventral carinae up to the (largely) black S 9, rather than orange with black carinae at most up to S 5, with S 9 largely orange (Photo 59). While both species vary strongly, the new species also tends to have (2)the frons darkened at the base of its central furrow, anterior to the medi- an ocellus, and not entirely pale brown; (3) more contrasting black and yellow thoracic markings with usually a black line along the humeral suture’s full length, thus not absent on its ventral section, and the black stripe on the metepimeron dead-ended dorsally, i.e., not curving forward to (almost) join the metapleural black line; and (4) the dark tips of Fw are less sharply defined and extend below Pt, rather than just touching its distal end, while Hw tips are often more darkened too. Etymology Latin “of shade” refers to the darker habitat and abdominal underside of the species (feminine adjective). Range and ecology Largely sympatric with E. buettikoferi between 100 and 500 m a.s.l. from Sierra Leone to Ghana, inhabiting shady rather than sunny sections of often the same forested streams and rivers.Published as part of Dijkstra, Klaas-Douwe B., Kipping, Jens & Mézière, Nicolas, 2015, Sixty new dragonfly and damselfly species from Africa (Odonata), pp. 447-678 in Odonatologica 44 (4) on pages 617-621, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3538
Orthetrum lusinga Dijkstra, sp. nov.
No full textOrthetrum lusinga Dijkstra sp. nov. – Spring Skimmer (Type Photo 52, Photo 67, Fig. 31) Taxonomy Genetically nearest to the saegeri -group (see O. agaricum sp. nov.), which includes the syntopic O. kafwi sp. nov. (Tree 8), but has a distinctive hamule shape and is coloured very differently with limited black markings. Treated as a distinct species by Dijkstra & Clausnitzer (2014). Material studied Holotype ♂ . RMNH.INS.505542, Congo-Kinshasa, Katanga, Upemba National Park, source area of Lusinga near park headquarters, spring streams in gallery forest and adjacent bog, dam and channel, 1760 –1800 m a.s.l. (8.933 ° S 27.199 ° E), 15 -xi- 2011, leg. K.-D.B. Dijkstra, RMNH. Further material. CONGO-KINSHASA (Katanga): 4 ♂ (RMNH.INS.505475, RMNH.INS.505483, RMNH.INS.505518), 1 ♀ (RMNH.INS.505482), as holotype, RMNH. 1 ♂ (RMNH.INS.505550), 2 ♀ (RMNH.INS.505551), Upemba National Park, Kabwekanono, source area of Kafwi, stream through gallery forest and bogs in open grassy plains, 1770 –1820 m a.s.l. (8.937 ° S 27.166 ° E), 15–16 -xi- 2011, leg. K.-D.B. Dijkstra, RMNH. 2 ♂ (RMNH.INS.505675), Kundelungu National Park, source area of Lutshipuka, grassy plateau with pools, bog, wet meadows and gallery forest patches, 1680 – 1705m a.s.l. (10.58 ° S 27.83 ° E), 23–24 -xi- 2011, leg K.-D.B. Dijkstra, RMNH. Genetics Four unique haplotypes (n= 7) are distinct from other saegeri -group species, but one unique haplotype (n = 1) is similar to O. umbratum sp. nov. (Tree 8). Male morphological diagnosis Recalls the widespread O. guineense Ris, 1910 and sympatric O. machadoi Longfield, 1955 by (a) moderate size, Hw 28.0– 30.8 mm (n = 7); (b) the absence of cell-doublings in the radial planate and thus a single row of cells there; (c) the pale subcostal Ax at least proximally, although they can be notably dark; and (d) the medium-sized pale brown Pt that are 10–11 % of Hw length, 2.8–3.3 mm. When not pruinose also similar by (e) the thorax lacking whitish stripes; (f) all abdominal segments being brown and variably but generally quite narrowly black on the dorsal carina of S 3–9 and lateral carinae of S 3–8; and (g) the always dark cerci. However, (1) the hook of the hamule has a concave anterior border and a broad and outward-turned tip lying closely against the rather low lobe, i.e., similar to O. chrysostigma (Burmeister, 1839) but with the sigmoid anterior profile of O. saegeri (Fig. 31). When not yet pruinose also (2) unlike O. guineense lacks a black line on the ventral carina of the metepimeron; and (3) unlike O. machadoi S 6–8 are only narrowly black on the lateral carinae and S 9–10 are largely brown rather than black. Etymology Named after the headquarters of Upemba National Park at the source of the Lusinga stream, the species’ type locality (noun in apposition). Range and ecology Found between 1 680 and 1 820 m a.s.l. at boggy spring areas bordering or enclosed by forest on the otherwise grassy Kibara and Kundelungu Plateaus of Katanga (Map 11).Published as part of Dijkstra, Klaas-Douwe B., Kipping, Jens & Mézière, Nicolas, 2015, Sixty new dragonfly and damselfly species from Africa (Odonata), pp. 447-678 in Odonatologica 44 (4) on pages 639-641, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3538
Orthetrum lusinga Dijkstra, sp. nov.
No full textOrthetrum lusinga Dijkstra sp. nov. – Spring Skimmer (Type Photo 52, Photo 67, Fig. 31) Taxonomy Genetically nearest to the saegeri -group (see O. agaricum sp. nov.), which includes the syntopic O. kafwi sp. nov. (Tree 8), but has a distinctive hamule shape and is coloured very differently with limited black markings. Treated as a distinct species by Dijkstra & Clausnitzer (2014). Material studied Holotype ♂ . RMNH.INS.505542, Congo-Kinshasa, Katanga, Upemba National Park, source area of Lusinga near park headquarters, spring streams in gallery forest and adjacent bog, dam and channel, 1760 –1800 m a.s.l. (8.933 ° S 27.199 ° E), 15 -xi- 2011, leg. K.-D.B. Dijkstra, RMNH. Further material. CONGO-KINSHASA (Katanga): 4 ♂ (RMNH.INS.505475, RMNH.INS.505483, RMNH.INS.505518), 1 ♀ (RMNH.INS.505482), as holotype, RMNH. 1 ♂ (RMNH.INS.505550), 2 ♀ (RMNH.INS.505551), Upemba National Park, Kabwekanono, source area of Kafwi, stream through gallery forest and bogs in open grassy plains, 1770 –1820 m a.s.l. (8.937 ° S 27.166 ° E), 15–16 -xi- 2011, leg. K.-D.B. Dijkstra, RMNH. 2 ♂ (RMNH.INS.505675), Kundelungu National Park, source area of Lutshipuka, grassy plateau with pools, bog, wet meadows and gallery forest patches, 1680 – 1705m a.s.l. (10.58 ° S 27.83 ° E), 23–24 -xi- 2011, leg K.-D.B. Dijkstra, RMNH. Genetics Four unique haplotypes (n= 7) are distinct from other saegeri -group species, but one unique haplotype (n = 1) is similar to O. umbratum sp. nov. (Tree 8). Male morphological diagnosis Recalls the widespread O. guineense Ris, 1910 and sympatric O. machadoi Longfield, 1955 by (a) moderate size, Hw 28.0– 30.8 mm (n = 7); (b) the absence of cell-doublings in the radial planate and thus a single row of cells there; (c) the pale subcostal Ax at least proximally, although they can be notably dark; and (d) the medium-sized pale brown Pt that are 10–11 % of Hw length, 2.8–3.3 mm. When not pruinose also similar by (e) the thorax lacking whitish stripes; (f) all abdominal segments being brown and variably but generally quite narrowly black on the dorsal carina of S 3–9 and lateral carinae of S 3–8; and (g) the always dark cerci. However, (1) the hook of the hamule has a concave anterior border and a broad and outward-turned tip lying closely against the rather low lobe, i.e., similar to O. chrysostigma (Burmeister, 1839) but with the sigmoid anterior profile of O. saegeri (Fig. 31). When not yet pruinose also (2) unlike O. guineense lacks a black line on the ventral carina of the metepimeron; and (3) unlike O. machadoi S 6–8 are only narrowly black on the lateral carinae and S 9–10 are largely brown rather than black. Etymology Named after the headquarters of Upemba National Park at the source of the Lusinga stream, the species’ type locality (noun in apposition). Range and ecology Found between 1 680 and 1 820 m a.s.l. at boggy spring areas bordering or enclosed by forest on the otherwise grassy Kibara and Kundelungu Plateaus of Katanga (Map 11).Published as part of Dijkstra, Klaas-Douwe B., Kipping, Jens & Mézière, Nicolas, 2015, Sixty new dragonfly and damselfly species from Africa (Odonata), pp. 447-678 in Odonatologica 44 (4) on pages 639-641, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3538
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