1,721,008 research outputs found
Follow-Up of Neurosarcoidosis With Longitudinally Extensive Myelitis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
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Role of L-DOPA in Spinal Nociceptive Reflex Activity: Higher Sensitivity of A delta Versus C Fibre-Evoked Nociceptive Reflexes to L-DOPA
No full textThe role of L-DOPA in spinal nociceptive reflex activity has been re-evaluated. In high spinal cats, with supraspinal loops being excluded, the onset of reflex facilitation induced by noxious radiant heat is delayed after injection of L-DOPA by 4 to 10 s, i.e. the early component of nociceptive reflex facilitation is blocked, while the late component persisted. Further investigations have shown that the early component of reflex facilitation induced by noxious radiant heat is mediated by A delta-fibres and the late component by C-fibres. Therefore, it can be assumed that L-DOPA, like opioids, preferentially blocks the transmission in nociceptive reflex pathways from A delta-fibres.Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [SCHO 37/16
Role of L-DOPA in Spinal Nociceptive Reflex Activity: Higher Sensitivity of A delta Versus C Fibre-Evoked Nociceptive Reflexes to L-DOPA
No full textThe role of L-DOPA in spinal nociceptive reflex activity has been re-evaluated. In high spinal cats, with supraspinal loops being excluded, the onset of reflex facilitation induced by noxious radiant heat is delayed after injection of L-DOPA by 4 to 10 s, i.e. the early component of nociceptive reflex facilitation is blocked, while the late component persisted. Further investigations have shown that the early component of reflex facilitation induced by noxious radiant heat is mediated by A delta-fibres and the late component by C-fibres. Therefore, it can be assumed that L-DOPA, like opioids, preferentially blocks the transmission in nociceptive reflex pathways from A delta-fibres.Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [SCHO 37/16
In Vivo Measurement of Conduction Velocities in Afferent and Efferent Nerve Fibre Groups in Mice
No full textElectrophysiological investigations in mice, particularly with altered myelination, require reference data of the nerve conduction velocity (CV). CVs of different fibre groups were determined in the hindlimb of anaesthetized adult mice. Differentiation between afferent and efferent fibres was performed by recording at dorsal roots and stimulating at ventral roots, respectively. Correspondingly, recording or stimulation was performed at peripheral hindlimb nerves. Stimulation was performed with graded strength to differentiate between fibre groups. CVs of the same fibre groups were different in different nerves of the hindlimb. CVs for motor fibres were for the tibial nerve (Tib) 38.5 +/- 4.0 m/s (A gamma: 16.7 +/- 3.0 m/s), the sural nerve (Sur) 39.3 +/- 3.1 m/s (12.0 +/- 0.8 m/s) and the common peroneal nerve (Per) 46.7 +/- 4.7 m/s (22.2 +/- 4.4 m/s). CVs for group I afferents were 47.4 +/- 3.1 m/s (Tib), 43.8 +/- 3.8 m/s (Sur), 55.2 +/- 6.1 m/s (Per) and 42.9 +/- 4.3 m/s for the posterior biceps (PB). CVs of higher threshold afferents, presumably muscle and cutaneous, cover a broad range and do not really exhibit nerve specific differences. Ranges are for group II 22-38 m/s, for group III 9-19 m/s, and for group IV 0.8-0.9 m/s. Incontrovertible evidence was found for the presence of motor fibres in the sural nerve. The results are useful as references for further electrophysiological investigations particularly in genetically modified mice with myelination changes.Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [SCHO 37/16
In Vivo Measurement of Conduction Velocities in Afferent and Efferent Nerve Fibre Groups in Mice
No full textElectrophysiological investigations in mice, particularly with altered myelination, require reference data of the nerve conduction velocity (CV). CVs of different fibre groups were determined in the hindlimb of anaesthetized adult mice. Differentiation between afferent and efferent fibres was performed by recording at dorsal roots and stimulating at ventral roots, respectively. Correspondingly, recording or stimulation was performed at peripheral hindlimb nerves. Stimulation was performed with graded strength to differentiate between fibre groups. CVs of the same fibre groups were different in different nerves of the hindlimb. CVs for motor fibres were for the tibial nerve (Tib) 38.5 +/- 4.0 m/s (A gamma: 16.7 +/- 3.0 m/s), the sural nerve (Sur) 39.3 +/- 3.1 m/s (12.0 +/- 0.8 m/s) and the common peroneal nerve (Per) 46.7 +/- 4.7 m/s (22.2 +/- 4.4 m/s). CVs for group I afferents were 47.4 +/- 3.1 m/s (Tib), 43.8 +/- 3.8 m/s (Sur), 55.2 +/- 6.1 m/s (Per) and 42.9 +/- 4.3 m/s for the posterior biceps (PB). CVs of higher threshold afferents, presumably muscle and cutaneous, cover a broad range and do not really exhibit nerve specific differences. Ranges are for group II 22-38 m/s, for group III 9-19 m/s, and for group IV 0.8-0.9 m/s. Incontrovertible evidence was found for the presence of motor fibres in the sural nerve. The results are useful as references for further electrophysiological investigations particularly in genetically modified mice with myelination changes.Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [SCHO 37/16
Plastic Spinal Motor Circuits in Health and Disease
Full text linkIn the past, the spinal cord was considered a hard-wired network responsible for spinal reflexes and a conduit for long-range connections. This view has changed dramatically over the past few decades. It is now recognized as a plastic structure that has the potential to adapt to changing environments. While such changes occur under physiological conditions, the most dramatic alterations take place in response to pathological events. Many of the changes that occur following such pathological events are maladaptive, but some appear to help adapt to the new conditions. Although a number of studies have been devoted to elucidating the underlying mechanisms, in humans and animal models, the etiology and pathophysiology of various diseases impacting the spinal cord are still not well understood. In this review, we summarize current understanding and outstanding challenges for a number of diseases, including spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), amyotrophic laterals sclerosis (ALS), and spinal cord injury (SCI), with occasional relations to stroke. In particular, we focus on changes resulting from SCI (and stroke), and various influencing factors such as cause, site and extent of the afflicted damage
Time-lapse 2-photon laser imaging to study microglia dynamics in the SOD1-mouse model of ALS
No full textCo-enrichment of Kir4.1 and AQP4 channels in spinal cord astrocytes suggests coupling of K+ flux and water transport: swelling experiments using transgenic mouse technology and time lapse 2-photon laser microscopy
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