1,721,059 research outputs found
Marital dissolution among the 1958 British birth cohort: The role of cohabitation
No full textThis paper investigates the effect of previous cohabitation on marital stability among the 1958 British birth cohort. Prospective data from the National Child Development Study are used to investigate the way in which family background factors and early lifecourse experiences, including cohabitation, affect the risk of first marriage dissolution by age 33. Discrete time logistic regression hazards models are used to analyse the risk of separation in the first eight years of marriage. Many socio-economic and family background factors are found to act through more intermediate determinants, such as age at marriage and the timing of childbearing, to affect the risk of separation. Previous cohabitation with another partner and premarital cohabitation are both associated with higher rates of marital breakdown. The effect of premarital cohabitation is attenuated but remains significant once the characteristics of cohabitors are controlled, and cannot be explained by the longer time spent in a partnership. <br/
Combining census, survey, demographic and administrative data to produce a one number census
No full textThe focus of Symposium'99 is on techniques and methods for combining data from different sources and on analysis of the resulting data sets. In this talk we illustrate the usefulness of taking such an "integrating" approach when tackling a complex statistical problem. The problem itself is easily described - it is how to approximate, as closely as possible, a "perfect census", and in particular, how to obtain census counts that are "free" of underenumeration. Typically, underenumeration is estimated by carrying out a post enumeration survey (PES) following the census. In the UK in 1991 the PEF failed to identify the full size of the underenumeration and so demographic methods were used to estimate the extent of the undercount. The problems with the "traditional" PES approach in 1991 resulted in a joint research project between the Office for National Statistics and the Department of Social Statistics at the University of Southampton aimed at developing a methodology which will allow a "One Number Census" in the UK in 2001. That is, underenumeration will be accounted for not just at high levels of aggregation, but right down to the lowest levels at which census tabulations are produced. In this way all census outputs will be internally consistent, adding to the national population estimates. The basis of this methodology is the integration of information from a number of data sources in order to achieve this "One Number"
Simulating the effect of demographic events on the household composition
No full textThe aim of this paper is to measure the effects on household composition of changes in demographic events, e.g. mortality, fertility, marriage, divorce. British household data are taken from the General Household Survey and aged by simulation to 2001 using a ‘Most Likely’ model. Subsequently different assumptions of each demographic event are taken from 1991 so that the effects of perturbations within each event can be studied. Special features of the simulation model are the differentiations between cohabitation and marriage and separation and divorce, and the detailed breakdowns of household types such as lone parents into single and previously married women and men with children aged 0–4, 5–15 and 16 and over
Contraceptive use dynamics of Asian women In Britain
No full textIn-depth interviews were conducted with married Asian women from Indian, Pakistani and Bangladeshi backgrounds, to investigate patterns of contraceptive use and influences on contraceptive decision making. The results show two distinctively different contraceptive 'lifecycles'. Non-professional women typically have little knowledge about contraception until after their marriage or first birth. Their patterns of contraceptive behaviour show low levels of contraceptive use until after their first birth, when condom use is most prevalent. Non-professional women are influenced by their extended family, religion and cultural expectations on their fertility and family planning decisions. Professional women show an entirely different pattern of contraceptive behaviour. They are more likely to have knowledge about contraception before marriage, use some method of contraception throughout their childbearing years (typically the pill) and cite personal, practical or economic considerations in their fertility decisions rather than religious, cultural or extended family influences.PIP: In-depth interviews on the patterns of contraceptive use and influences on contraceptive decision making were conducted among married Asian women from an Indian, Pakistani and Bangladeshi background. The data collected showed that there are significant variations in Asian women's reproductive strategies. Variations are evident in knowledge about family planning methods, timing of a first birth and timing of first use of contraception, birth spacing, and fertility. There are two distinctively different patterns of contraceptive use among Asian women: those of professional and nonprofessional women. Nonprofessional women usually have little knowledge about contraception until after their marriage or first birth. This is evident in their patterns of contraceptive behavior, which show low levels of contraceptive use until after their first birth. In contrast, professional women are more likely to have significant knowledge about contraceptive options before marriage and are able to make informed choices on their contraceptive needs. Unlike nonprofessional women, their fertility and family planning decision are not influenced by family, religion, or cultural expectations, but rather cites personal, practical, and economic considerations on their fertility decisions
Marriage or cohabitation: A competing risks analysis of the first-partnership formation among the 1958 birth cohort
No full textA discrete time competing risks hazards model is used to analyse entry into first partnership among men and women born in Britain in 1958. Using a life-course approach we identify family background and current life experiences which affect the timing and type of first-partnership formation. Education is a key factor influencing the age of entry into first partnership and whether or not the respondent will experience pregnancy before forming the partnership. Religiosity, experience of parental separation and the geographical region of residence are more important in affecting the decision to cohabit rather than to marry directly. The analyses highlight the importance of transitions in other domains such as leaving the parental home in encouraging cohabitation.<br/
Use of family planning in Lesotho: the importance of quality of care and access
Full text linkThis paper aims to identify social and demographic factors affecting contraceptive use and methods choice and also explore whether, net of these factors, contraceptive behaviour of Basotho women is affected by the family planning environment in which they reside. The study uses multilevel models and data from three sources: 1995 Lesotho Safe Motherhood Initiative Women's Health Survey, information collected in 1997/98 on the facilities of family planning clinics in some areas of Lesotho, and focus group discussions of users of contraceptives. Women aged 20-29, with at least two living children, and those with secondary or higher education have the highest probability of using modern methods. Community differences in use of contraception are explained by provider bias, access to a facility, and the type of facility. Excerpts from focus group discussions indicate that the quality of care is also important in influencing the decision by women to use contraception
Into the 21st century with British households
No full textThe future number and type of households is of vast importance in determining not only the necessary number of housing units but also provision for services such as home help. This paper takes General Household Survey (GHS) data at the micro level and ages these households by simulation to the year 2001. Differing scenarios are considered in order to accommodate high and low variants of each household type in the British household distribution
Child loss and fertility behaviour in Ghana
No full textEvidence shows a strong relationship between child mortality and fertility at the aggregate level but the relationship at the individual level is less clear. Data from the 1993 Ghana DHS are used to examine the impact of infant death on a woman's subsequent fertility behaviour. Birth interval analysis, parity progression ratios, and multilevel discrete-time hazard models are used. Child replacement after infant death is found to be taking place in Ghana. On average, birth intervals are shortened by about 15 months if a child dies in the neonatal stage, and by about 11 months for postneonatal death. Progression to the next parity is higher if an infant dies than if it survives; the probability of progression is about 32% higher if a male child dies than if a female dies. A sustained decline in child mortality in Ghana is likely to result in further reduction in fertility
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