1,721,074 research outputs found
Depredadores tope y cascadas tróficas en ambientes terrestres
Full text linkLos grandes depredadores son responsables, en gran medida, de la estructura de los ecosistemas donde habitan. Sus efectos no solo se notan en la abundancia y el comportamiento de sus presas, sino que pueden amplificarse a través de las cadenas o tramas tróficas afectando los patrones de biodiversidad. Este efecto indirecto de los depredadores sobre otros niveles tróficos es lo que se conoce como cascadas tróficas.Fil: Di Bitetti, Mario Santiago. Centro de Investigaciones del Bosque Atlántico; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste; Argentin
Cómo estudiar poblaciones de mamíferos silvestres
Full text linkEs sumamente difícil estudiar las poblaciones de mamíferos silvestres para conocer, entre otras cosas, sus hábitos, abundancia, densidad poblacional y área de distribución, en especial si se trata de especies solitarias, raras, mayormente nocturnas, esquivas y que viven en ambientes con baja visibilidad como los selváticos. Una técnica útil para hacerlo es la radio telemetría. Desde la década de 1980 ha sido complementada por el foto trampeo, técnica que posee ventajas sobre la primera para cierto tipo de estudios.Fil: Di Bitetti, Mario Santiago. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical; Argentin
Food-associated calls and audience effects in tufted capuchin monkeys, Cebus apella nigritus
Full text linkSeveral species of birds and primates produce food-associated vocalizations upon finding or consuming food. Tufted capuchin monkeys produce two food-associated vocalizations (the grgr and the food-associated whistle series), which are functionally referential. By experimentally placing new food sources (feeding platforms containing half pieces of banana), I explored the factors that affect the production of food-associated calls in a wild group of tufted capuchins. Finders of these platforms called in 81% of the discoveries when the platform contained fruit (N = 57) but in 0% of cases when the platform was empty (N = 5). Males and females of all ages and dominance ranks gave food-associated calls when discovering a platform with fruit. The probability that a finder gave food-associated vocalizations was lower during the period of food scarcity and when the platform contained a small amount of bananas (three pieces as opposed to ≥ 20 pieces). There was an effect of the audience on the latency to give food-associated calls. The time elapsed until the finder gave the first food-associated call decreased with the presence and density of nearby individuals and increased with the distance from other individuals to the platform. The latency to call was longer for females than for males. The audience effect and the effect of the sex of the finder are consistent with the hypothesis that capuchins use these vocalizations deceptively by withholding information about the presence of a food source. By increasing the latency to call, finders of new food sources can obtain a larger amount of food and thus reduce the costs associated with calling.Fil: Di Bitetti, Mario Santiago. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo. Laboratorio de Investigaciones Ecológicas de las Yungas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin
Publish (in English) or perish: The effect on citation rate of using languages other than English in scientific publications
Full text linkThere is a tendency for non-native English scientists to publish exclusively in English, assuming that this will make their articles more visible and cited. We tested this hypothesis by comparing the effect of language, on the number of citations of articles published in six natural sciences journals from five countries that publish papers in either English or other languages. We analyzed the effect of language (English vs non-English), paper length and year of publication on the number of citations. Articles published in English have a higher number of citations than those published in other languages when the effect of journal, year of publication and paper length are statistically controlled. This may result because English articles are accessible to a larger audience, but other factors need to be explored. Universities and scientific institutions should be aware of this situation and improve the teaching of English, especially in the natural sciences.Fil: Di Bitetti, Mario Santiago. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Puerto Iguazú | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Puerto Iguazú; Argentina. Centro de Investigaciones del Bosque Atlántico; ArgentinaFil: Ferreras, Julian Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas; Argentin
Allonursing in tufted capuchin monkeys (Cebus nigritus): Milk or pacifier?
Full text linkAllonursing, the behaviour of females nursing offspring that are not their own, is relatively frequent in capuchin monkeys. Using focal-animal sampling and ad libitum observations we describe the pattern of allonursing in a wild group of tufted capuchins, Cebus nigritus (4 cohorts, 22 infants), at Iguazú National Park, north-eastern Argentina, and test several hypotheses on the adaptive value of allonursing. During 2,351 contact hours with the group (including 4,207 focal-animal samples totalizing 329 h focused on infants) we observed 39 allonursing bouts. Infants were not allonursed more frequently by close kin than by more distant allomothers. Offspring of dominant females were allonursed more frequently than those of low-ranking females. Nursing bouts were longer than allonursing bouts. Our results suggest that allonursing in tufted capuchins has a social function and is not mainly aimed at providing milk to infants. Copyright © 2007 S. Karger AG.Fil: Baldovino, María Celia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán; Argentina. Centro de Investigaciones del Bosque Atlántico; ArgentinaFil: Di Bitetti, Mario Santiago. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas; Argentina. Centro de Investigaciones del Bosque Atlántico; Argentin
Primates bark-stripping trees in forest plantations – A review
No full textPrimates bark-strip trees in forest plantations worldwide, producing large economic losses. The primate and tree species involved, the spatial and temporal patterns of this problem, the effectiveness of the methods used to mitigate damage and the causes of this behavior are not yet understood. I conducted a literature review of this topic, focusing on documents reporting primates bark-stripping trees in forest plantations and forests. The data set consisted of 51 documents of which 46 corresponded to bark-stripping of trees in forest plantations and five in managed forests. Thirteen non-human primate species have been recorded bark stripping trees of commercial value worldwide. Three of these, the chacma baboon (Papio ursinus), the black capuchin monkey (Sapajus nigritus) and Sykes´s monkey (Cercopithecus albogularis), are responsible for most of the damage reported in large scale plantations, affecting mostly pine (Pinus sp.) plantations in five African and two South American countries. With fewer reports, orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus) affect large scale Acacia mangium plantations in Indonesia, and yellow baboons (Papio cynocephalus) and vervets (Chlorocebus aethiops) pine plantations in Malawi and Zimbabwe respectively. The Barbary macaque (Macaca sylvanus) bark-strips Atlas cedars (Cedrus atlantica) in Moroccan forests. Eucalyptus sp. plantations, both small and large-scale, are less frequently affected by gorillas, two colobine monkeys, howler monkeys, capuchins, baboons and chimpanzees. Actions to mitigate this problem, including the massive killing of primates, had proven ineffective in the long term. Bark-stripping of pines tends to be more seasonal than that of Eucalyptus, and their damage of higher incidence and intensity. The most frequently cited hypothesis for why primates bark-strip trees in plantations is that they consume soft bark when or where their natural food is scarce. However, this hypothesis is not generally supported by empirical evidence. Eucalyptus bark may be sought after for its high sodium content. Pines are apparently bark-stripped to consume the sugary phloem during their growing season, when bark is presumably more easily peeled off. If this hypothesis were correct, a management method based on diversionary feeding could alleviate the damage produced by primates to coniferous trees of commercial value.Fil: Di Bitetti, Mario Santiago. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Puerto Iguazú | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Puerto Iguazú; Argentina. Centro de Investigaciones del Bosque Atlántico; Argentin
Cebus nigritus impact the seedling assemblage below their main sleeping sites
Full text linkLos monos capuchinos (Cebus nigritus) en Argentina prefieren árboles dormideros particulares que mantienen durante varios años. Comparamos la composición y la abundancia de especies de plántulas debajo de estos sitios con la de sitios controles. La riqueza y abundancia de especies de plántulas fue mayor debajo de árboles dormideros que en parcelas controles. Además la proporción de especies e individuos dispersados vs. no dispersados por los capuchinos fue mayor debajo de los árboles dormideros más frecuentemente usados que en parcelas controles ubicadas en otras partes de su área de acción. Así la dominancia de las especies de plantas dispersadas por estos primates en los ensambles de plántulas debajo de los árboles dormideros confirma el fuerte peso de C. nigritus y su influencia potencial en las dinámicas de las poblaciones de plántulas en el bosque.Capuchin monkeys (Cebus nigritus) in Argentina prefer particular sleeping trees they maintain over the years. We compared species composition and abundance of seedlings under these sites with that of control sites. Species richness and abundance of seedlings was higher under sleeping trees than in control plots. Moreover, the proportion of dispersed versus non-dispersed species and individuals by capuchins was higher under the most frequently used sleeping trees than in control plots located in other areas of their home range. Thus, the dominance of plant species dispersed by these primates in the seedling assemblages below sleeping trees confirm the strong weight of C. nigritus and their potential influence in the dynamics of the seedling populations in the forest.Fil: Wehncke, Elisabet Verónica. Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos; MéxicoFil: Di Bitetti, Mario Santiago. Centro de Investigaciones del Bosque Atlantico; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Puerto Iguazú | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Puerto Iguazú; Argentin
What is habitat?: Ambiguity in the use of technical jargon
Full text linkEl vocabulario científi co y técnico puede prestar a confusiones si el signifi cado de los términos no es claro para la audiencia. El término hábitat es parte de la jerga de los ecólogos y varios autores han llamado la atención sobre su uso confuso o ambiguo en publicaciones científi cas. Realicé una encuesta entre ecólogos y otros profesionales de las ciencias ambientales para conocer cuál es el signifi cado que asignan al término hábitat. Comparé estos resultados con los de un análisis del uso que hacen los ecólogos y otros profesionales de las ciencias ambientales del término hábitat en artículos científi cos publicados en Ecología Austral. La mayoría de estos profesionales consideran que hay una sola defi nición adecuada del término hábitat: “El hábitat de un organismo es el lugar donde vive o el lugar donde uno lo buscaría.” Sin embargo, el uso más frecuente que hacen de este término en las publicaciones científi cas analizadas es como sinónimo de ambiente, una defi nición pocas veces elegida como correcta en las encuestas. Dado que hay más de una acepción del término hábitat, algunas de ellas impuestas por la costumbre, su signifi cado debe interpretarse por el contexto. Defi nir claramente la jerga científi ca utilizada al inicio de una publicación y usarla consistentemente en la misma es la mejor manera de evitar confusiones.Scientifi c and technical language may lead to confusion if the meaning of the terms used is not clear to the audience. The term habitat is part of the ecologists’ jargon, and several authors have highlighted its ambiguous or confusing use in scientifi c publications. I conducted a poll among ecologists and other environmental scientists to know what is the meaning that they assign to the term habitat. I compared the results from this poll with the meaning that ecologists and other environmental scientists assigned to this word in research articles published in Ecología Austral. Most ecologists and environmental scientists considered that there is only one proper defi nition of habitat: “The habitat of an organism is the place where it lives, or the place where one should look for it”. However, the most frequent use of this term in the analyzed research articles was as a synonym for “environment”, a defi nition rarely selected by the professionals surveyed. Because there is more than one defi nition for the term habitat, and some of them are imposed by customary use, its meaning has to be interpreted by contextual clues. The best way to avoid confusion in the use of technical jargon is to defi ne its meaning at the onset of a publication and to use it consistently throughout the text.Fil: Di Bitetti, Mario Santiago. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Forestales. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Sede Puerto Iguazú; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste; Argentin
What is habitat?: Ambiguity in the use of technical jargon
Full text linkEl vocabulario científi co y técnico puede prestar a confusiones si el signifi cado de los términos no es claro para la audiencia. El término hábitat es parte de la jerga de los ecólogos y varios autores han llamado la atención sobre su uso confuso o ambiguo en publicaciones científi cas. Realicé una encuesta entre ecólogos y otros profesionales de las ciencias ambientales para conocer cuál es el signifi cado que asignan al término hábitat. Comparé estos resultados con los de un análisis del uso que hacen los ecólogos y otros profesionales de las ciencias ambientales del término hábitat en artículos científi cos publicados en Ecología Austral. La mayoría de estos profesionales consideran que hay una sola defi nición adecuada del término hábitat: “El hábitat de un organismo es el lugar donde vive o el lugar donde uno lo buscaría.” Sin embargo, el uso más frecuente que hacen de este término en las publicaciones científi cas analizadas es como sinónimo de ambiente, una defi nición pocas veces elegida como correcta en las encuestas. Dado que hay más de una acepción del término hábitat, algunas de ellas impuestas por la costumbre, su signifi cado debe interpretarse por el contexto. Defi nir claramente la jerga científi ca utilizada al inicio de una publicación y usarla consistentemente en la misma es la mejor manera de evitar confusiones.Scientifi c and technical language may lead to confusion if the meaning of the terms used is not clear to the audience. The term habitat is part of the ecologists’ jargon, and several authors have highlighted its ambiguous or confusing use in scientifi c publications. I conducted a poll among ecologists and other environmental scientists to know what is the meaning that they assign to the term habitat. I compared the results from this poll with the meaning that ecologists and other environmental scientists assigned to this word in research articles published in Ecología Austral. Most ecologists and environmental scientists considered that there is only one proper defi nition of habitat: “The habitat of an organism is the place where it lives, or the place where one should look for it”. However, the most frequent use of this term in the analyzed research articles was as a synonym for “environment”, a defi nition rarely selected by the professionals surveyed. Because there is more than one defi nition for the term habitat, and some of them are imposed by customary use, its meaning has to be interpreted by contextual clues. The best way to avoid confusion in the use of technical jargon is to defi ne its meaning at the onset of a publication and to use it consistently throughout the text.Fil: Di Bitetti, Mario Santiago. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Forestales. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Sede Puerto Iguazú; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste; Argentin
The Group Life Cycle and Demography of Brown Capuchin Monkeys (Cebus [apella] nigritus) in Iguazú National Park, Argentina
No full textThis study reports demographic and social changes across 20 years in a population of brown capuchin monkeys living in Iguazú National Park in northeastern Argentina. Three sets of results emerge that are critical to understanding the evolution of social behavior in this population. First, patterns of age-related mortality clearly highlight certain periods of increased mortality (post-natal 6 months, onset of reproduction, late senescence) and near-perfect survival (2-6 year-old juveniles, young adult females). Second, tracking the migrations and rank-related reproductive strategies of males helps to uncover the causes and consequences of long male reproductive tenures that average 5 years. Finally, observations of relatively rare male takeovers of the alpha breeding position reveal a predictable sequence of stages in a group’s life cycle that tie together female fecundity, infanticide, group size, and kinship-based group fissions. These coordinated aspects of demography and kinship in different stages set the context for understanding differences between groups in social structure and organization.Fil: Janson, Charles H.. University of Montana; Estados UnidosFil: Baldovino, María Celia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Puerto Iguazú | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Puerto Iguazú; ArgentinaFil: Di Bitetti, Mario Santiago. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Puerto Iguazú | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Puerto Iguazú; Argentin
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