37 research outputs found
Effect of Actinobacteria as a single cell protein on growth performance of Xiphophorus helleri
No full textThe potential of Marine Actinobacteria particularly Streptomyces as a single cell protein (SCP) feed for the growth of ornamental fish, Xiphophorus helleri has been investigated. The Streptomyces strains used as SCP were isolated from the marine sponges, namely Callyspongia diffusa, Mycale mytilorum, Tedania anhelans and Dysidea fragilis. Six SCP feeds were prepared and their effects were compared with those of control diet. After 30 days of feeding trials, the growth parameters including absolute growth rate, specific growth rate and feed conversion efficiency were found to be significantly (P<0.001) higher in groups that received SCP feed than those of control one, whereas feed conversion ratio was lower. Thus it was found that in addition to being effective antibiotic agents against harmful pathogens, Streptomyces could also promote the growth of fish effectively. Marine Actinobacteria, particularly Streptomyces, could play an important role as a single cell protein (SCP) in aquaculture nutrition and is a promising microbe for the development of marine biotechnology
Evaluation of Streptomyces as a Probiotic Feed for the Growth of Ornamental Fish Xiphophorus helleri
No full textU radu je ispitana mogućnost dodavanja probiotika Streptomyces sp. hrani i njegov utjecaj na rast ukrasne ribe Xiphophorus helleri. Sojevi Streptomyces, upotrijebljeni kao probiotici, izolirani su iz morskih spužvā, i to iz vrsta Callyspongia diffusa, Mycale mytilorum, Tedania anhelans i Dysidea fragilis. Pripremljeno je sedam probiotičkih pripravaka i procijenjen njihov učinak u usporedbi s kontrolnim uzorkom, tj. hranom bez dodatka probiotika. Nakon 50 dana hranidbenih pokusa parametri rasta, i to apsolutni, specifični i relativni rast te učinkovitost pretvorbe hrane, bili su kudikamo veći (pThe potential of Streptomyces as a probiotic feed for the growth of ornamental fish Xiphophorus helleri has been investigated. The Streptomyces strains used as probiotics were isolated from the marine sponges, namely Callyspongia diffusa, Mycale mytilorum, Tedania anhelans and Dysidea fragilis. Seven probiotic feeds were prepared and their effects were compared with those of control diet containing no probiotics. After 50 days of feeding trials, the growth parameters, namely absolute growth rate, specific growth rate, relative growth rate and feed conversion efficiency were found to be significantly (
Evaluation of Streptomyces as a Probiotic Feed for the Growth of Ornamental Fish Xiphophorus helleri
No full textThe potential of Streptomyces as a probiotic feed for the growth of ornamental fish Xiphophorus helleri has been investigated. The Streptomyces strains used as probiotics were isolated from the marine sponges, namely Callyspongia diffusa, Mycale mytilorum, Tedania anhelans and Dysidea fragilis. Seven probiotic feeds were prepared and their effects were compared with those of control diet containing no probiotics. After 50 days of feeding trials, the growth parameters, namely absolute growth rate, specific growth rate, relative growth rate and feed conversion efficiency were found to be significantly (p<0.05) higher in groups that received probiotic feed additive than in the control, whereas feed conversion ratio was lower. The fish fed with probiotic feed showed significant improvement in length than the fish fed with control feed. Thus it was found that in addition to being effective antibiotic agents against harmful pathogens, Streptomyces could also promote the growth of fish effectively. Marine Actinobacteria, particularly Streptomyces, could thus be a promising probiotic in aquaculture
Serratella palatovi Martynov, Selvakumar & Jacobus 2021, sp. nov.
No full textSerratella palatovi Martynov, Selvakumar & Jacobus, sp. nov. (Figs 2–5; Jacobus & McCafferty 2008: fig. 14) Serratella uenoi (Allen & Edmunds, 1963) sensu Jacobus & McCafferty, 2008 partim (nec Allen & Edmunds, 1963: 18) Type material. Holotype: larva (slide # 623, mounted with Canada balsam), THAILAND, Chiang Mai Province, Chom Thong District, stream—main source of the Klang Phat River, 18.577542°N, 98.527056°E, h ~ 1370 m a.s.l., 18.xi.2009, Palatov D.M. &Chertoprud M. V. leg.— IN Thai10Sersp [NMNH NASU]. Other material: INDIA: 1 larva, Arunachal Pradesh, Lower Subansiri District, Tale Valley, 27.537201°N, 93.959883°E, h ~ 2370 m a.s.l., 14.iv.2015, Coll. K. A. Subramanian—Reg. No. 5603/H13 [ZSI]. NEPAL: 1 larva, Nawakot & Sindu Districts, 1/ 2 mi north of Gulbhanjyang (on lower trail), 18.ix.1968, Coll. C Wiens [PERC] (previously reported as Serratella uenoi (Allen & Edmunds, 1963) by Jacobus & McCafferty 2008). Description. Larva: Body length 5.0– 5.3 mm; caudal filaments 4.5–4.8 mm. Body pale brown (Fig. 2A). Head: With pair of small suboccipital tubercles and pair of distinct, blunt, occipital protuberances (Fig. 2B) bearing short, stout setae with divergent margins and feathered apices (Fig. 2C, D). The same scattered stout setae cover head surface, they also presented on compound eyes, but they are smaller. Genae moderately developed. Mouthparts: Labrum (Fig. 3C) densely covered with long, hair-like setae; anterior margin with numerous feathered and hair-like setae; anteromedian emargination shallow. Median part of mandibles with numerous, long, hair-like setae; basal part of lateral margin with smaller number of middle-sized and short, hair-like setae. Right mandible (Fig. 3A): outer incisor trifurcate, inner incisor bifurcate; prostheca consisting of dorsal process, smaller than on left mandible, and bunch of long and short hair-like setae; row of 10–15 long, stout, hair-like setae under mola; bunch of short, hair-like setae above mola. Left mandible (Fig. 3B): outer incisor trifurcate, inner denticle small; inner incisor with two central denticles and one small lateral denticle; prostheca consisting of process and bunch of relatively long and short hair-like setae; inner surface with distinct denticles near mola. Maxilla with two dentisetae (Fig. 3F), their inner margins serrate. Apex of maxilla with group of long, thin and stout, hair-like setae; apical part of inner margin with row of long, stout, hair-like setae; base of galea-lacinia with group of 4–6 long, stout, pointed, not bifurcated or bifurcated, hair-like setae. Maxillary palp 3-segmented (Fig. 3E), short; segment III elongate, narrowed from middle, rounded apically; segment I somewhat broader than segments II and III; apex of segment III with several fine setae. Superlinguae of hypopharynx with long, stout, hair-like setae on apices, dorsal and ventral surfaces with fine setae, short and hair-like setae, and stout and hair-like setae; apex of lingua convex, with hair-like setae on dorsal and ventral surfaces (Fig. 3D). Labial palp 3-segmented (Fig. 3G); segments I and II subequal in length; surfaces, inner and outer margins of segment I and II covered with long, thin, hair-like setae and less numerous long, stout, hair-like setae. Segment III distinctly elongated (length/width ratio in last larval instar = 2.19–2.45). Glossae rounded; apices of paraglossae and glossae covered with long, stout, hair-like setae. Thorax: Pronotum without anterolateral and posterolateral projections (Fig. 2E); with one pair distinct submedian tubercles and three pairs small indistinct tubercles (Fig. 2F). Mesothorax with two pairs of indistinct protuberances and ridges, and one distinct protuberance between wingpads. Protuberances and ridges of prothorax and mesothorax, veins of wingpads covered with short, stout setae with divergent margins and feathered apices. Femora of legs moderately flattened (length/width ratio in last larval instar: forefemur 2.04–2.05; middle femur 2.39–2.49; hind femur 2.38–2.57) (Fig. 4A–C). Femora longer than tibiae, and tibiae longer than tarsi. Dorsal surfaces of all femora covered mainly with short, feathered, usually bifurcate, stout setae (Fig. 4E–H) (most numerous on middle and hind femora), and with scattered short or middle-sized hair-like setae; also, irregular rows of middle-sized, hair-like setae situated along inner margins. Distal tips (distal margins and adjacent areas of dorsal surfaces) of all femora with groups of short, feathered, sometimes bifurcate, setae. Dorsal surface of forefemur with irregular rows of middle-sized and long, hair-like setae along outer and inner margins; with group of 4–5 mainly long, rounded or pointed, stout setae; most of these stout setae located near outer margin (Fig. 4A, D). Outer margin of forefemur with few different-sized hair-like setae and few short, feathered, sometimes bifurcate, setae and two chalazae bearing long, pointed or rounded, stout setae. Inner margin of forefemur with short, hair-like setae only. Outer margins of fore tibia and tarsus with a few thin, long hair-like setae. Inner margin of fore tibia with several short stout setae along margin and group of several elongated setae near distal end, some with serration of one margin. Inner margin of fore tarsus with middle-sized and long, pointed stout setae; their number increases towards claw. Outer margins of mid- and hindfemora with long hair-like setae (most numerous and forming regular row in basal part), few short, feathered, sometimes bifurcate, setae and row of 6–9 long, pointed or rounded apically, stout setae; some chalazae forming serration of margins (Fig. 4B, C). Inner margins of mid- and hindfemora with no stout setae or chalazae. Setation of middle and hind tarsi as those on fore leg. Dorsal surface of middle and hind tibiae of row of few stout setae continue on inner margin of tibiae; setae bluntly pointed of rounded apically; on hind tibia setae more numerous and longer. Inner margin of tibiae also with group of several elongated stout setae (some with one serrated margin) near distal end. Outer margin of middle and hind tibiae with few hair-like setae only; hind tibia additionally bears few long stout setae along margin. Tarsal claw with 5–7 denticles, distal one largest, and up to 5 subapical setae (Fig. 4I, J). Abdomen. Pairs of projections present on terga III–IX, with those on terga IV–IX more developed; largest on tergum VIII (Fig. 5A–C). All projections with spatulate, stout setae; most apical, stout setae grouped in bunches (Fig. 5A, B). Dorsal surfaces of terga IV–IX with areas of short, stout setae above projections. Lateral surfaces of paired projections of tergum VIII and adjacent part of posterior margin with greatly elongated, apically rounded, stout setae (Fig. 5A–C). Posterior margin of tergum IX (excluding area between projections) with several spatulate, stout setae with rounded apices. Distinct posterolateral projections on segments IV–IX; lateral margins covered with spatulate, stout setae. Sterna VIII–IX and lateral areas of sterna IV–VII covered with short, stout setae. Gills (Fig. 5D–G). Gill III with elongate posterolateral angle; with well-defined, brown, trilobed pattern; somewhat truncate; and without medial transverse band of weakened membrane (Fig. 5D). Ventral lamellae of gills III–VI bifurcate and multifoliate; medial cleft of gills VI ventral lamella deep. Caudal filaments subequal in length (Fig. 2A). Segments with rows of elongated, rounded apically, stout setae on posterior margins alternate with segments bears rows of long, stout, hair-like setae on posterior margins; all these setae shorter than corresponding segment (Fig. 5H). Adult: Unknown Egg. Chorion smooth, without reticulations (Jacobus & McCafferty 2008: fig. 14; Nepal specimen herein). Diagnosis. The species can be distinguished from larvae of other Serratella Edmunds, 1959 species by the following combination of characters: (i) head with pair of small suboccipital tubercles and pair of distinct, blunt, suboccipital protuberances (Fig. 2A, B); (ii) pronotum without anterolateral and posterolateral projections (Fig. 2E), with one pair distinct submedian tubercles and three pairs small indistinct tubercles (Fig. 2F); (iii) mesothorax with two pairs of indistinct protuberances and ridges, and one distinct protuberance between wingpads; (iv) two pairs of head protuberances, protuberances and ridges of prothorax and mesothorax, veins of wingpads covered with short, stout setae with divergent margins and feathered apices (as in Figs 2C, D, 4F, G); (v) maxilla with short 3-segmented palp (Fig. 3E); third palpal segment elongated; (vi) tarsal claw with 5–7 denticles, distal one largest, and up to 5 subapical setae (Fig. 4I, J); (vii) pairs of projections present on terga III–IX, with those on terga IV–IX more developed; largest on tergum VIII (Fig. 5A–C); (viii) all paired projections of terga with spatulate, stout setae; most apical, stout setae grouped in bunches (Fig. 5A, B); (ix) lateral surfaces of the paired projections of tergum VIII and the adjacent part of the posterior margin (excluding area between projections) with greatly elongated, apically rounded, stout setae (Fig. 5A–C). Despite this new species being assigned to Serratella, it should be noted that similar tergum VIII setation is present in Quatica paradinasi (Gonzalez del Tanago & Garcia de Jalon, 1981), but the setae are much shorter (fig. 2 in Studemann & Tomka 1987). Etymology. This species is named in honor of Dr. Dmitry M. Palatov, friend of the first author and specialist in aquatic invertebrates of the Palearctic and Indomalayan realms, who collected this species in Thailand. Distribution. Thailand, India-China border region, and Nepal. Habitats. In Thailand, the new species was collected from a stream that is a main source of the Klang Phat River. The stream is situated in forest, has a high current velocity and rapids, and has sandy and stony bottom (Fig. 20B). In India, the species was collected from a first order stream in Rhododendron and Bamboo forest. The stream has a sandy bottom and rapids in some sections (Fig. 20C). The Nepal specimen is covered with sandy silt, suggesting a similar habitat. Remarks. Initially Serratella uenoi (Allen & Edmunds, 1963) was described as a representative of the subgenus Drunella Needham, 1905 (then part of the genus Ephemerella Walsh 1862) by Allen & Edmunds 1963, based only on description and illustrations of “ Ephemerella sp. ” by Ueno (1955), as the whereabouts of Ueno’s specimen was then—and remains—unknown. Later, a second species, Ephemerella (Acerella) undatella Allen, 1971, was described based on the same specimen (or rather description and illustrations). Subsequently, the name was recognized as an objective junior synonym (Allen 1973). Ephemerella (Drunella) uenoi (Allen & Edmunds, 1963) was transferred to other genera (Allen 1986; Paclt 1994) before being placed most recently in Serratella Edmunds, 1959 based on phylogenetic analysis of morphological data (Jacobus & McCafferty 2008: fig. 98). The characters used to analyze the species’ relationships were scored from a single specimen from Nepal and from historical literature (Jacobus & McCafferty 2008). During the course of this study, we discovered that the specimen from Nepal differed from the species described by Ueno (1955), especially in regards to the morphology of the maxilla (Ueno 1955: figs 6, 6b); the two also differ considerably in size, with Ueno’s species being larger, even though the Nepal specimen is a mature female with black wingpads. Intraspecific variation in body size and maxillary palp development has been assumed for many ephemerellid species (e.g., Jacobus et al. 2004); however, in this case, the discovery of additional material reveals that the characters in question show little variation between individuals. Thus, we specifically reject the intraspecific variation hypotheses previously implied for S. uenoi and therefore no longer consider the Nepal specimen to be conspecific with Ueno’s species. Therefore, the operational taxonomic unit (OTU) labeled “ uenoi ” by Jacobus & McCafferty (2008) should be considered an erroneous amalgamation, and the species hypothesis that it represents is rejected. In light of this, we restrict the name Serratella uenoi (Allen & Edmunds, 1963) to the specimen described by Ueno (1955). Very clear illustrations of the species show some differences from other species of the genus Serratella, especially: the apex of the maxilla, the length ratio and shape of segments of the labial palp; the number of head tubercles; the shape of projections on terga (posterolateral and paired); setation of all femora; and presence of anterolateral projections (medially notched) on mesonotum. Modalities of some characters of S. uenoi are unusual for Hyrtanellini, and more typical of some Ephemerellini, viz. representatives of the genera Notacanthella Jacobus & McCafferty, 2008, Spinorea Jacobus & McCafferty, 2008, Ephacerella Paclt, 1994, Adoranexa Jacobus & McCafferty, 2008, and Cincticostella Allen, 1971. As part of the tribe Ephemerellini, each of the latter five genera have a ventral lamella of gill VI that lacks a deep medial cleft.The original illustration of S. uenoi shows a distinct cleft on the ventral lamella of gill VI (fig. 18 in Ueno 1955), which excludes it from Ephemerellini. Although we find it reasonable to question the generic placement of S. uenoi, we leave it in Serratella until fresh material from the type locality, as precisely indicated by Ueno (1955), can be examined in detail. Serratella fusongensis (Su & You, 1988) (north-east of China) and Serratella longipennis (Zhou, Gui & Su, 1997) (China, east-central mainland) are the only species of Serratella from East and Southeast Asia unknown in the larval stage, and based on biogeography, we consider them unlikely to be conspecific with our new species, which is unknown as alates. Serratella palatovi sp. nov. is the third representative of the genus known from the Indomalayan realm; the two others are S. uenoi, which has a questionable generic position, and S. brevicauda Jacobus, Zhou & McCafferty, 2009, a species whose generic placement was provisional (Jacobus et al. 2009). Thus, it is clear that more data, especially for the male adults, are needed for these species and the genus in the region.Published as part of Martynov, Alexander V., Selvakumar, C., Subramanian, K. A., Sivaramakrishnan, K. G., Vasanth, M., Sinha, Bikramjit & Jacobus, Luke M., 2021, Overview of Indian Hyrtanellini (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae), with new species and records from related regions, pp. 451-482 in Zootaxa 4975 (3) on pages 454-461, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4975.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/480830
Internship experiences in museum studies graduate programs
No full textThesis (Master's)--University of Washington, 2024An internship is a typical experience for museum studies graduate students (Welsh, 2013). Internships have long been recognized as central to museum studies education that prepares students to enter the professional museum field. However, current field-wide standards may be outdated, underused, written from the perspective of staff, and/or anecdotal. To date, no empirical research has been undertaken that this author could identify to understand the internship experiences of students from their perspectives. To address this gap, an online survey was sent to students enrolled in eight American museum studies programs. The purpose was to understand how museum studies graduate students think about and experience internships in museums and related institutions. Only results from the University of Washington (UW) Museology program were analyzed. Findings revealed that students were most interested in skills development factors, such as applying theory in “the real world.” Most respondents reported that their internship responsibilities helped them fulfill their priorities, but a recurring issue was that internships experiences lacked structure and clarity, leaving students uncertain if they made meaningful contributions through their internship work. Respondents reported largely positive experiences with their internship supervisors, but results also suggested that some supervisors are not providing clear feedback to interns, and that while supervisors largely showed concern for the interns’ learning and career goals, they sometimes fell short of providing clear guidance on the interns’ responsibilities. Further evaluation of UW internships is recommended to determine how well students’ experiences align with the standards set out by the program. For the museum field at large, further research is recommended to capture broad experiences of students throughout the country, which can inform updated internship standards and best practices created by individual museums and field-wide professional organizations
Marine biome-derived secondary metabolites, a class of promising antineoplastic agents: A systematic review on their classification, mechanism of action and future perspectives.
No full textCancer is one of the most deadly diseases on the planet. Over the past decades, numerous antineoplastic compounds have been discovered from natural resources such as medicinal plants and marine species as part of multiple drug discovery initiatives. Notably, several marine flora (e.g. Ascophyllum nodosum, Sargassum thunbergii) have been identified as a rich source for novel cytotoxic compounds of different chemical forms. Despite the availability of enormous chemically enhanced new resources, the anticancer potential of marine flora and fauna has received little attention. Interestingly, numerous marine-derived secondary metabolites (e.g., Cytarabine, Trabectedin) have exhibited anticancer effects in preclinical cancer models. Most of the anticancer drugs obtained from marine sources stimulated apoptotic signal transduction pathways in cancer cells, such as the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. This review highlights the sources of different cytotoxic secondary metabolites obtained from marine bacteria, algae, fungi, invertebrates, and vertebrates. Furthermore, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the utilisation of numerous marine-derived cytotoxic compounds as anticancer drugs, as well as their modes of action (e.g., molecular target). Finally, it also discusses the future prospects of marine-derived drug developments and their constraints
Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide- and ethylene glycol-assisted preparation of mono-dispersed indium oxide nanoparticles using hydrothermal method
No full text<img src='http://www.niscair.res.in/jinfo/small.gif' border=0>-glutaminase activity in marine sediments
No full text168-170Mangrove sediments exhibited higher activity of -glutaminase (-glutamine aminohydrolase, EC 3.5, 1.2) compared to sediments collected from other biotopes. Clayey sediments showed higher enzyme activity than the silty ones. The enzyme showed 2 pH optima (at 5.6 and 8.4) but maximum activity was observed at pH 8.4. KM of -glutaminase was 1 x 10-4 M and activity of the enzyme was unaffected by sodium chloride even up to a 10% conc. Citrate ions inhibited the enzyme activity. Glutaminase activity was comparatively higher than asparaginase in all sediment samples collected from different biotopes
