1,720,959 research outputs found
Psychological, cognitive and motor effects of mindfulness meditation : study in different populations
No full textLa méditation de pleine conscience (MPC) est une pratique mentale, impliquant des mécanismes cognitifs et émotionnels, qui consiste à porter son attention sur le moment présent (pensées, sensations, émotions), sans attente, sans filtre et sans jugement. Des résultats encourageants sont en faveur de bénéfices comportementaux de la MPC dans les domaines psychologique, cognitif et moteur. Cependant, des zones d'ombre persistent concernant leurs modérateurs, leurs mécanismes d'action, et l'efficacité de la modalité de pratique en ligne. L'objectif de cette thèse est d'apporter une meilleure compréhension des effets comportementaux de la MPC en cherchant à lever ces verrous scientifiques à travers une investigation chez différentes populations saines (adultes, étudiants, pratiquants ou novices en MPC). Premièrement, nous avons étudié l'efficacité de la MPC en ligne sur la santé mentale et les capacités attentionnelles d'étudiants pendant la crise sanitaire de la COVID-19. Deuxièmement, nous avons investigué les effets aigus de la MPC sur les capacités cognitives de pratiquants et novices en MPC. Pour finir, également chez des pratiquants et novices, nous avons étudié les effets aigus de la MPC sur le contrôle moteur, en cherchant à déterminer s'ils pouvaient être médiés par ses bénéfices cognitifs. Ce travail apporte des preuves de l'efficacité à court et moyen termes de la MPC dans les domaines psychologique, cognitif et moteur, tout en suggérant certains modérateurs de ses effets. De plus, à travers l'étude du lien cognition-motricité, il apporte les premières données concernant les potentiels mécanismes d'action de la MPC dans le domaine moteur.Mindfulness meditation (MM) is a mental practice that involves cognitive and emotional processes. It consists in focusing attention on the present moment (thoughts, feelings, emotions) without expectations, filters or judgment. Currently, encouraging results are in favor of its behavioral benefits in psychological, cognitive and motor domains. Nevertheless, uncertainties remain regarding their moderators, their underlying mechanisms of action, and the efficacy of online practice. Accordingly, this PhD thesis aimed to provide a better understanding of the behavioral effects of MM by overcoming these scientific bottlenecks through an investigation in different healthy populations (adults, students, meditators or novices in MM). First, we studied the efficacy of an online MM intervention on students' mental health and attentional abilities during the COVID-19 sanitary crisis. Secondly, we investigated the acute effects of MM on cognitive abilities in meditation-naïve (novices) and meditation-experienced (meditators) participants. Finally, also in meditators and novices, we studied the acute effects of MM on motor control and whether they could be mediated by the cognitive benefits. This doctoral work provides evidence on the efficacy of short- and mid-term MM practice in the psychological, cognitive and motor domains, while suggesting certain moderators. In addition, through the investigation of the link between cognition and motor control, it provides a first insight regarding the potential mechanisms of action of MM in the motor domain
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Online Mindfulness Intervention, Mental Health and Attentional Abilities: A Randomized Controlled Trial in University Students During COVID-19 Lockdown
No full textThe COVID-19 pandemic has led to worldwide restrictive measures, raising concerns about mental health in young adults who were not particularly vulnerable to the virus itself. This study investigated the impact of these restrictions on mental and cognitive health of university students, and tested the efficacy of a brief online mindfulness meditation intervention in countering psychological distress and improving attentional abilities. Ninety-six university students forced into remote learning due to COVID-19 pandemic restrictions and with no experience in meditation were randomly assigned to either a passive control group (n = 48) or to an experimental group (n = 48) following daily, for 17 days, an online mindfulness intervention (10–20 min per day). Due to drop-out, 38 participants in each group were finally analyzed. Pre- and post-tests assessed participants’ mental health (psychological well-being, depression, anxiety, stress) and attentional abilities. The analysis of baseline data in comparison with normative scores and pre-pandemic statistics confirmed the expected psychological distress, but it did not reveal any attentional deficits in our participants. Pre-post change scores analyses showed a reduction in stress (p = 0.006, η(p)(2) = 0.10), anxiety (p = 0.002, η(p)(2) = 0.13), and depression (p = 0.025, η(p)(2) = 0.07), and an improvement in well-being (p = 0.013, η(p)(2) = 0.12) in the experimental group, but not in the control group. In both groups, no significant effect was found on attentional abilities. Our results confirmed the psychological vulnerability of higher education students in the midst of the remote learning period during the second COVID-19 lockdown in France, while suggesting preservation of attentional functioning. Although the tested mindfulness intervention did not enhance the attentional abilities in already good performing students, it did promote their mental health. This study offers additional evidence on the feasibility and efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions in students during psychologically straining periods, like the COVID-19 pandemic
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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