141 research outputs found
Recent progress in electrochromic energy storage materials and devices: a minireview
No full textIntegration of several functionalities into one isolated electrochemical body is necessary to realize compact and tiny smart electronics. Recently, two different technologies, electrochromic (EC) materials and energy storage, were combined to create a single system that supports and drives both functions simultaneously. In EC energy storage devices, the characteristic feature of EC materials, their optical modulation depending on the applied voltage, is used to visually identify the stored energy level in real time. Moreover, combining energy-harvesting and EC storage systems by sharing one electrode facilitates the realization of further compact multifunction systems. In this minireview, we highlight recent groundbreaking achievements in EC multifunction systems where the stored energy levels can be visualized using the color of the device.
Enzyme-free, metal oxide-based amperometric-colorimetric dual-mode functional glucose sensor
No full textTo address the urgent need for glucose level detection in the human body, several affordable, lightweight, and skin-mounted glucose sensors have been developed. Enzymatic sensors are frequently utilized, but they have challenges of enzyme degradation and indirect charge transfer through a redox mediator, which affect their reusability and shelf life. Here, enzyme-free nickel oxide thin film electrode in an alkaline medium is used to enable direct charge transfer with glucose. A chemical reaction between glucose and the electrode surface occurs, leading to an additional oxidation (Ni+2/Ni+3) of the electrode under external bias. Additionally, the colorimetric analysis further validated this reaction through the transformation of a dark-colored NiO (Ni+3) electrode into a bleached color state (reduced from Ni+3 to Ni+2) through the oxidation of glucose. As the glucose concentrations increase to 5 mM, the color of the electrode is no longer optically readable (Delta T% similar to 66%). The corresponding amperometric response is determined with a detection limit of 2 mu M and a 3579 mu A mM(-1) cm(-2) sensitivity, and it also recognizes a passive response to other interfering species and facilitates its one-month shelf life. Additionally, a two-electrode electrochemical colorimetric liquid cell-type glucose sensor has been designed to pave the way for future applications.
Isomeric effects of poly-viologens on electrochromic performance and applications in low-power electrochemical devices
No full textElectrochromic (EC) behaviors of poly-viologens are tuned by selecting positions (ortho (o), meta (m), and para (p)) of the benzene rings linked to 4,4'-bipyridine. All-in-one type EC devices (ECDs) are conveniently fabricated by adding poly-viologens to highly conductive solid-state polymeric gel electrolytes. The maximum transmittance contrast (triangle T) of the o-poly-viologen based ECD is much lower than that of the other isomers, and its bleaching is not reversible, whereas a large triangle T and high stability are achieved with the m- and p-poly-viologens. Considering the high solubility of the m-poly-viologen in ion gels, it is anticipated to have a larger hydrodynamic size, leading to low diffusivity (similar to 1.1 x 10(-12) cm(2)/s for cationic and similar to 2.7 x 10(-12) cm(2)/s for anionic current). As a result, the m-poly-viologen ECD shows a superior memory effect and long-lasting colored state without voltage supply. This feature allows us to demonstrate a low-power ECD based on the m-poly-viologen, which only requires similar to 3.54 mu W/cm(2) to maintain the transmittance below 30%. The results indicate that adjusting the isomeric molecular structure of poly-viologen EC chromophores is an effective way to control their EC performance.
Satellite-retrieved direct radiative forcing of aerosols over North-East India and adjoining areas: climatology and impact assessment
No full textThe article by J. Biswas et al. contained an update in affiliation of author Binita Pathak. The author would like to add another affiliation to her name. Her updated affiliations are the following
Increasing role of provinces in India's foreign policy
No full textThe chapter on ‘Increasing Role of Provinces in India’s Foreign Policy’ highlights provincial factors in India’s negotiation with the neighbourhood. The author has argued that the state governments sometimes have a bigger economic interest in pushing for closer links with neighbouring countries than the central government. Apart from economic interests, they are also bound by a common past and the logic of geography
Raman area- and thermal- mapping studies of faceted nano-crystalline α-Fe2O3 thin films deposited by spray pyrolysis
No full textDifferent advanced techniques including Raman area mapping and Raman thermal imaging has been used to investigate various properties of large area iron oxide thin films deposited by spray pyrolysis, on a large area of crystalline silicon substrates under controlled external parameters. Morphological studies reveal that the obtained films acquire lateral faceted crystalline structure of iron oxide. The Raman and SEM images, in unison, confirm the presence and large area distribution of the nano crystals of Fe2O3 phase. Thermal Raman imaging reveals that the obtained iron oxide thin films are robust and thus can be used for appropriate technological applications like electromagnetic shielding.The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the pdf file of the accepted manuscript may differ slightly from what is displayed on the item page. The information in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript reflects the original submission by the author
Developments in Raman Spectromicroscopy for Strengthening Materials and Natural Science Research: Shaping the Future of Physical Chemistry
No full textOn Measuring the Criticality of Various Variables and Processes in Organization Information Systems: Proposed Methodological Procedure
No full textThis paper proposes methodological procedures to be used by the accounting, organizational and managerial researchers and executives to ascertain the criticality of the variables and the processes in the measurement of management control system. We have restricted the validation of proposed methods to the extraction of critical success factors (CSF) in this study. We have also provided a numerical illustration and tested our methodological procedures using a dataset of an empirical study conducted for the purpose of ascertaining the CSFs. The proposed methods can be used by the researchers in accounting, organizational information systems, economics, and business and also in other relevant disciplines of organizational sciences. The main contribution of this paper is the extension of Rockart’s work [33] on critical success factors. We have extended the theory of CSF beyond the initially suggested domain of information into management control system decision making. The methodological procedures developed by us are expected to enrich the literature of analytical and empirical studies in accounting and organizational areas where it can prove helpful in understanding the criticality of individual variables, processes, methods or success factors.Success Factors, Criticality Analysis, Perceptual Criticality, Critical Success Factors
Raman imaging for measuring homogeneity of dry binary blend: Combining microscopy with spectroscopy for technologists
No full text
- …
