1,721,031 research outputs found
Advanced interaction paradigms to define smart visit experiences in the internet of things era
No full textThe growing spread of smart objects is changing the way humans interact with technologies since the interaction they propose is more and more physical and less virtual. From an HCI perspective, one of the most interesting aspects regards how non-technical end users can program the behavior of such smart objects. This poster presents an ongoing project on three novel interaction paradigms that support the creation of smart visit experiences. Copyright is held by the author/owner(s)
Metamorphic data sources: A user-centric paradigm to consume linked data in interactive workspaces
Full text linkIn the last years, the debate about the success or failure of Linked Data (LD) has been growing. Despite the ever-increasing number of available ontologies and LD datasets, there is still a limited number of applications to let people benefit from using this huge amount of data. Some evident problems relate to the limited opportunities offered to the end users, i.e., people without skills in computer programming, to access, navigate and visualize LD. Tools supporting such tasks typically do not consider the end users’ needs; even when they provide abstraction mechanisms to avoid programming, they do not properly hide the complexity of getting oriented into the plethora of available resources. Thus, they end up to be inadequate to real daily scenarios. In this paper, we propose an approach that enables end users to create visually entry points, which we call Metamorphic Data-Sources (MDSs), to query and visualize the LD without requiring any prior knowledge of semantic Web or visualization technologies. Through the MDS visual paradigm, end users can tailor ad-hoc data sources to retrieve information on topics they are interested in. The MDS creation process is also driven by a quality model that further helps users select LD elements potentially free of data quality problems. The paper also reports on the results of a user study that we conducted to assess the validity of the MDS paradigm with respect to the user needs
A tangible-programming technology supporting end-user development of smart-environments
No full textIn recent years, smart objects are increasingly pervading the environments we live in. For HCI researchers, an important challenge is how non-technical users can establish the behavior of such devices. This poster presents a new technology implementing a tangible-programming paradigm, which allows non-programmers to synchronize the behavior of ecologies of smart objects, thus determining the creation and customization of smart environments
Privacy Design Strategies and the GDPR: A Systematic Literature Review
No full textArticle 25 of the GDPR states that data collection, processing and management measures should be implemented following tṇhe privacy by design and privacy by default paradigms. This paper presents a systematic literature review to identify useful guidelines to support the development of GDPR-compliant software. Selected papers are categorized under 8 different data-oriented and process-oriented strategies and their contributions are reported. Future activities will highlight the HCI community’s attitude towards these new technical and organizational approaches in order to bridge the identified gaps and shortcomings
Enhancing Phishing Defenses: The Impact of Timing and Explanations in Warnings for Email Clients
No full textPhishing attacks continue to represent a significant risk to digital security due to their reliance on exploiting human vulnerabilities before those of computer systems. To try to limit the effectiveness of this threat, this paper explores new strategies to design warnings shown to users in the presence of suspicious phishing emails. A controlled experiment was conducted with 900 participants to investigate the impact of two factors on warning effectiveness: the warning activation timing (before or after the opening of an email) and the presence of explanation messages in the warning. The study results indicate that warnings displayed after users have read the content of the email significantly reduce click-through rates, demonstrating greater effectiveness in preventing phishing. Furthermore, the presence of explanations also determined a lower click-through rate. Nevertheless, displaying warnings without explanation and simpler warnings for false positive emails may be necessary. The details of these findings were presented as lessons learned that can drive the design of more effective warning systems
First InternationalWorkshop on Detection and Mitigation of Cyber attacks that exploit human vuLnerabilitiES (DAMOCLES)
No full textToday, the pervasive influence of technology has created significant cybersecurity challenges, exacerbated by human error that is often overlooked in system design. Reports show that up to 95% of cyber attacks are due to human factors, such as susceptibility to phishing and lax software maintenance. Italian public administrations (PAs) face heightened cyber risks due to underinvestment compared to the private sector. To address these challenges, the DAMOCLES research project provides a tailored framework focusing on Human Vulnerability Assessment (HVA) and Human Vulnerability Mitigation (HVM). HVA activities include behavior-based assessments and controlled cyber-Attack testing using Digital Twins (DT) to mirror user behavior. HVM uses insights from HVA to develop customized training programs, supported by non-coding approaches for easy adoption. DAMOCLES aims to improve cybersecurity in Italian government agencies by effectively addressing human-related security vulnerabilities
Task Automation Systems to Secure Smart Environments
No full textTask automation systems (TAS) allow users to customize the behaviour of their smart devices according to their daily and personal needs. However, they do not address the security and privacy threats that can arise from the use and composition of smart devices. To democratize cybersecurity in smart environments, TASs should enable both experts and novices to protect their devices from external threats. This paper reports a study that investigated the mental models of cybersecurity novices and experts when defining security policies using the trigger-action paradigm provided by TAS. The results of this study guided the design of prototype solutions that extend a TAS, called EFESTO-5W, to allow both experts and lay users to define the security policies for IoT devices
Improving smart interactive experiences in cultural heritage through pattern recognition techniques
Full text linkNew Information and Communication Technologies have a large potential to improve general public awareness of the importance of Cultural Heritage (CH) and to provide tools that can make visits to historical sites more interesting and enjoyable. The Internet of Things (IoT) technology can further contribute to these goals, by allowing visitors to museum and CH sites to manipulate smart objects by receiving information that stimulates emotions, understanding and appropriation of the contents. In our research, interaction paradigms and innovative methods are developed to allow curators and guides of cultural sites (i.e., domain experts) to manage interactive IoT-based environments, in order to create Smart Interactive Experiences, which are usage situations created by synchronizing many available smart objects to specific situations that might better satisfy the needs of the visitors. This article illustrates a system that, by means of a tangible user interface, integrated by pattern recognition and computer vision techniques, supports CH experts in creating Smart Interactive Experiences by properly tailoring the behavior of the involved smart objects. An experimental evaluation of the used techniques has been performed and it is presented and discussed
Translating Privacy Design Principles Into Human-Centered Software Lifecycle: A Literature Review
Full text linkCompanies and organizations involved in software development are stimulated and often obliged to consider procedures and technical solutions to guarantee data privacy and protection from the early phases of the software lifecycle. In addition, by default, personal data might be processed with the highest privacy protection level. These two requirements are Privacy by Design and Privacy by Default principles. Their importance has grown quickly in the last few years, as demonstrated by data protection regulations, like GDPR and PIPEDA, which include them as an important part of some of their articles. However, such regulations do not provide any practical or concrete indications of software requirements, and developers often lack adequate knowledge to understand the privacy prescriptions expressed in legal language. This study addresses these limitations by presenting a systematic and rigorous literature review that aims to answer the following research questions: (RQ1) How do Privacy-By-Design and Privacy-By-Default principles translate into software requirements? and (RQ2) How Privacy-By-Design and Privacy-By-Default principles integrate into a Human-Centred Design process? For RQ1, the analysis of the resulting publications led to identifying several software requirements and business processes organized along 8 data-oriented and process-oriented privacy design strategies. For RQ2, the analysis of the retrieved publications provided a comprehensive view of the HCI methodologies adopted to comply with privacy requirements identified current shortcomings, and proposed future research directions. The results have been distilled into an initial framework that may aid the development of software that must comply with such principles and aims to integrate them into an HCD process
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