8 research outputs found
Age-specific effects of screen time on overweight/obese: a structural equation model of children and adolescents in Western Maharashtra, India
No full textMillet consumption in type 2 diabetics in urban slums of India: a pilot study
No full textDiabetes is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, affecting people regardless of their country, age group, or sex. Considering the growing prevalence of diabetes among low socioeconomic groups in developing countries like India, the present study aims to determine the prevalence of millet consumption in urban slums in Pune, India. A pilot cross-sectional study was conducted at a private medical college’s field practice area in Pune from January to March 2024. The study focused on individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A pre-designed, pretested semi-structured paperless questionnaire in the Kobo tool app was used to collect information on socio-demographic information, consumption of millet, and diabetes-related information. A total of 30 type 2 diabetics were interviewed as a pilot study. Of these, 53.57% were females, and 46.43% were males. The prevalence of millet consumption was 93% in type 2 diabetics. Sorghum was the most consumed millet amongst all other millet. Age >50 years, education >10th pass, and non-alcoholics were significantly associated with satisfactory consumption of millet. Diversifying diets with nutritious foods like millet can help reduce health-related burdens, including type 2 diabetes. This is important for policy-making and prioritizing diabetes self-care interventions
The use of a simple and affordable skin patch for measurement of transcutaneous bilirubin levels in neonates during phototherapy
No full textBackgroundTranscutaneous bilirubin (TcB) measurements during and after phototherapy for hyperbilirubinemia must be performed on unexposed skin. There are commercially made skin patches for this purpose, but they are relatively unavailable in low-resource settings. We devised a simple cotton patch and tested its use for TcB during phototherapy.MethodsMeasurements were taken in healthy neonates born at a gestational age of ≥35 weeks who were undergoing phototherapy for hyperbilirubinemia in western India before, 12 h after the start, and 12 h after the end of phototherapy. Total serum bilirubin (TSB) was measured using the diazo method in a clinical laboratory. TcB measurements were performed using a Dräger Jaundice Meter JM-105 placed over the sternum on two skin areas that were protected during and after treatment by a commercial (Philips BilEclipse) or self-made patch comprised of cotton gauze and wool.ResultsIn total, 47 neonates were included in our study. Before phototherapy, TSB and TcB values had a strong correlation (Pearson, r = 0.88), with a mean difference of −1.35 mg/dl. Correlations with TSB were good and equivalent for TcB values measured on skin covered by the commercial and self-made patches during (0.78 and 0.70, respectively) and after (0.57 and 0.58, respectively) phototherapy. TcB values measured on skin covered by the two patches correlated well both during and after phototherapy, with r = 0.82 and 0.90, respectively, and mean (95% confidence interval) differences of −1.21 and −0.32 mg/dl, respectively.ConclusionsReliable TcB measurements taken during and after phototherapy can be achieved on skin covered with a simple and affordable cotton skin patch
Prevalence of hypertension and associated risk factors in urban slums: A community based cross sectional study in India
No full textHypertension is a global public health issue. Being a silent killer, very rarely symptoms are seen in the early stages till a severe medical crisis (heart attack, stroke, or chronic kidney disease) occurs. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of hypertension in urban slums and to evaluate the association of hypertension with various modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors. Data were collected by house-to-house visits in the slums. Pro forma created in the Magpi app was used to collect demographic characteristics and record anthropometric findings. SPSS version 25 was used for statistical analysis. Of the 534 participants, 71.91% were female. The prevalence of hypertension was found to be 15.36%. The risk of hypertension increased with age >50 years, female gender, and habits such as tobacco and alcohol. Awareness programs to reduce modifiable risk factors such as smoking and alcohol, promoting healthy lifestyles, as well as early diagnosis and treatment, will benefit the community
Efficacy of expressed breast milk, facilitated tucking, and their combination for pain management during heel stick in preterm neonates: a randomized controlled trial
No full textBackgroundHeel-stick procedures for glucose monitoring are common in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) and can have adverse physiological and developmental effects on preterm neonates. The National Neonatology Forum of India and the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend the routine use of non-pharmacological measures during such procedures. Our study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of expressed breast milk (EBM), facilitated tucking (FT), and their combination in reducing heel stick pain in preterm neonates, as assessed using the Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP) score at 1 and 4 min post-procedure.MethodsIn this randomized controlled trial, preterm neonates born between 27 and 36+6 weeks of gestation, who met the eligibility criterion, were randomly allocated into three categories: EBM (n = 56), FT (n = 56), and EBM + FT (n = 56), following approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee and parenteral consent at a tertiary-level NICU in Pune. Neonates were videotaped by a senior resident/clinical fellow for 2 min before and up to 4 min after the heel-stick procedure. Infants’ pain was determined using the PIPP score at the time of heel-sticking and at 1 and 4 min post-procedure.ResultsRepeated-measures ANOVA revealed significant reductions in pain scores from baseline (EBM: 8.55 ± 3.19, FT: 8.63 ± 2.83, and EBM + FT: 9.46 ± 2.82; p < 0.001) to both 1 min (EBM: 5.68 ± 2.77, FT: 6.39 ± 3.17, and EBM + FT: 6.45 ± 2.87; p < 0.001) and 4 min (EBM: 4.05 ± 1.85, FT: 4.66 ± 2.59, and EBM + FT: 4.82 ± 2.39; p < 0.001) post-procedure. Bonferroni post-hoc analyses confirmed significant within-group reductions in pain across all time points.ConclusionsEBM and FT, whether alone or in combination, are effective in reducing pain in preterm neonates during heel-stick procedures.Clinical Trial Registrationhttps://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/login.php, identifier [CTRI/2023/09/057787 (Registered on: 18/09/2023)]
Determinants and perception of postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device services in Maharashtra, India
No full textUndesired and unintended pregnancies increase unwanted births or induced abortions, consequently increasing maternal morbidity and mortality. Postpartum insertion of the intra uterine contraceptive device (PPIUCD) is an effective method for population control. The researchers conducted the study to assess the determinants of PPIUCD services by identifying beneficiaries and healthcare workers' perceptions. We conducted this study in Maharashtra state, India having five geographical divisions and 36 districts. The researchers visited 10 primary health centers and three community health Centers from five districts, randomly selecting one from each division. We interviewed 45 women who had undergone insertion one day to one year prior and 17 health care workers. About one-third of women received counseling during pregnancy. The medical officers obtained the consents mostly during delivery. They inserted about 85% of devices within one hour of delivery. About 38% of women had at least one complication. Lower abdominal pain (22.22%), irregular bleeding (20.00%), the expulsion of CuT (13.33%), pain during periods (13.33%) were common. The removal rate was 6.67%. The complication rates observed in the present study are comparable to the hospital studies. Thus, the study reassures that the services in small institutions are very safe, and governments can fearlessly implement the program
Data_Sheet_1_Prevalence of the Acute Respiratory Infections and Associated Factors in the Rural Areas and Urban Slum Areas of Western Maharashtra, India: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study.PDF
No full textAcute respiratory infections (ARIs) continue to be the most important cause of morbidity and mortality among under-five children. Some demographic and environmental factors are associated with ARIs among under-five children. This study was conducted with the objective to estimate the prevalence of ARIs among under-five children in the rural areas and densely populated urban slum areas in Maharashtra, India and to assess the association of the selected sociodemographic and household environmental factors with ARI. This study was conducted in 16 selected clusters from the rural areas and densely populated urban slum areas of the two districts in Maharashtra, India. Structured and validated proforma was used for collecting the data on the sociodemographic and household environmental risk factors. A total of 3,671 under-five children were surveyed. The prevalence of ARIs for the preceding month was 50.4%. It was higher among the children living in the rural areas (54.2%) compared to the children living in the urban areas (46.7%) (p = 0.01). The prevalence of ARIs was reported to be 51.4 and 49.4% in boys and girls, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, the researchers found that living in rural areas (p = 0.01) and parental smoking (p = 0.04) were significantly associated with the ARIs. An intervention such as reducing parental smoking habits at the household level may reduce ARIs.</p
Table_1_Prevalence of the Acute Respiratory Infections and Associated Factors in the Rural Areas and Urban Slum Areas of Western Maharashtra, India: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study.DOCX
No full textAcute respiratory infections (ARIs) continue to be the most important cause of morbidity and mortality among under-five children. Some demographic and environmental factors are associated with ARIs among under-five children. This study was conducted with the objective to estimate the prevalence of ARIs among under-five children in the rural areas and densely populated urban slum areas in Maharashtra, India and to assess the association of the selected sociodemographic and household environmental factors with ARI. This study was conducted in 16 selected clusters from the rural areas and densely populated urban slum areas of the two districts in Maharashtra, India. Structured and validated proforma was used for collecting the data on the sociodemographic and household environmental risk factors. A total of 3,671 under-five children were surveyed. The prevalence of ARIs for the preceding month was 50.4%. It was higher among the children living in the rural areas (54.2%) compared to the children living in the urban areas (46.7%) (p = 0.01). The prevalence of ARIs was reported to be 51.4 and 49.4% in boys and girls, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, the researchers found that living in rural areas (p = 0.01) and parental smoking (p = 0.04) were significantly associated with the ARIs. An intervention such as reducing parental smoking habits at the household level may reduce ARIs.</p
