1,361 research outputs found
Plastid Genotyping Reveals the Uniformity of Cytoplasmic Male Sterile-T Maize Cytoplasms
No full textCytoplasmic male-sterile (CMS) lines in maize (Zea mays) have been classified by their response to specific restorer genes into three categories: cms-C, cms-S, and cms-T. A mitochondrial genome representing each of the CMS cytotypes has been sequenced, and male sterility in the cms-S and cms-T cytotypes is linked to chimeric mitochondrial genes. To identify markers for plastid genotyping, we sequenced the plastid genomes of three fertile maize lines (B37, B73, and A188) and the B37 cms-C, cms-S, and cms-T cytoplasmic substitution lines. We found that the plastid genomes of B37 and B73 lines are identical. Furthermore, the fertile and CMS plastid genomes are conserved, differing only by zero to three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in coding regions and by eight to 22 SNPs and 10 to 21 short insertions/deletions in noncoding regions. To gain insight into the origin and transmission of the cms-T trait, we identified three SNPs unique to the cms-T plastids and tested the three diagnostic SNPs in 27 cms-T lines, representing the HA, I, Q, RS, and T male-sterile cytoplasms. We report that each of the tested 27 cms-T group accessions have the same three diagnostic plastid SNPs, indicating a single origin and maternal cotransmission of the cms-T mitochondria and plastids to the seed progeny. Our data exclude exceptional pollen transmission of organelles or multiple horizontal gene transfer events as the source of the mitochondrial urf13-T (unidentified reading frame encoding 13-kD cms-T protein) gene in the cms-T cytoplasms. Plastid genotyping enables a reassessment of the evolutionary relationships of cytoplasms in cultivated maize.Peer reviewe
EGA/VGA to TV (PAL) conversion
No full textNowadays two of the most popular professional computer graphics cards for the PC (Personal Computer) are the EGA (Enhanced Graphics Adapter) and the VGA (Video Graphics Array) cards. These two graphics cards features relative high resolution and colors. Of different reasons it’s interesting to have the possibility to connect a PC with one of these graphics cards to a PAL (Phase Alternate Line) system television-set. However this is not possible because of different horizontal and vertical synchronization (the horizontal and vertical synchronization pulses dictate the scan rate of the display, i.e. computer monitor resp. television screen) of the EGA/VGA cards and the PAL system. In this report a way will be discussed in which this EGA/VGA to PAL conversion can be realized. By manipulating, i.e. refill with new values, the registers in charge of the synchronization on the EGA/VGA cards so that a PAL compatible signal can be achieved. This solution, based on register manipulation, gives a relative good picture on the television screen if alphanumeric characters are present on the computer. With graphics the conversion was not possible with this solution.The conclusion is that this method can be used only if alphanumeric characters are to be displayed on a television screen.Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer ScienceTelecommunicatie- en Verkeersbegeleidingssysteme
Chromosomal Arrangement of Leghemoglobin Genes in Soybean and Kidney Bean
No full textLeghemoglobin (Lb) genes are induced only following infection of the legume plant by Rhizobium. In soybean, there are four major leghemoglobins which are encoded by four separate genes. A chromosomal walk has been carried out to investigate the arrangement of these Lb genes on the soybean chromosome by screening Alui-Haeiii and EcoRI genomic libraries. A cluster of four different Lb genes was isolated from the libraries in a set of overlapping clones which together include 45 kilobases (kb) of contiguous OOA. […]Les gènes de la leghémoglobine (Lb) sont induits seulement après 1' infection de la légumineuse par le Rhizobium. Il y a quatre leghémoglobines majeures chez la fève soya qui sont codées par quatre gènes séparés. En parcourant le chromosome par hybridations successives dans des librairies génomiques Alui-Haeiii et EcoRI l’arrangement des genes de la leghémoglobine sur le chromosome de la fève soya a été analysé. Un groupe de quatre différents gènes de Lb ont été isolé des librairies dans un ensemble de clônes se chevauchant lesquels totalisent 45 kilobases (kb) d'ADN contigu.[…
A pal, Lue to Dear James (6 October 1962)
Get PDFSigned by A pal, Luehttps://egrove.olemiss.edu/mercorr_pro/1089/thumbnail.jp
On Axiomatizations of PAL
No full textIn the literature, different axiomatizations of Public Announcement Logic (PAL) were proposed. Most of these axiomatizations share a 'core set' of the so-called reduction axioms. In particular, there is a composition axiom which stipulates how two consecutive announcements are composed into one. In this paper, by designing non-standard Kripke semantics for the language of PAL, we show that without the composition axiom the core set does not completely axiomatize PAL. In fact, most of the intuitive 'axioms' and rules we took for granted could not be derived from the core set. The non-standard semantics we proposed is of its own interest in modelling realistic agents. We show that with the help of different composition axioms we may axiomatize PAL w.r.t. such non-standard semantics.Computer Science, Artificial IntelligenceComputer Science, Theory & MethodsMathematics, AppliedEICPCI-S(ISTP)
Realisatie van PAL-coder t.b.v. elektronisch schoolbord
No full textRe gerealiseerde schakeling is een sterk gereduceerde PAL-coder, afgeleid van een PALcoder zoals die voor T.V.- doeleinden wordt gebruikt. Er kan gekozen worden uit vier kleuren voor de weergave van gekleurde lijnen tegen een gekleurde achtergrond. De kleurvektoren zijn orthogonaal en vertegenwordigen de kleuren blauw, rood, geel en groen.Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer ScienceTransmissie van Informati
Pal Interpolation of Integral Types
Get PDFIn this paper, the author(s) discuss existence and uniqueness results of three so-called integral types of Pal interpolation schemes which are interesting extensions/ generalizations of classical Hermite-Fejer Interpolation problem. The results are of interest to approximation theory
Librarians and Statistics: Thoughts on a Tentative Relationship
Get PDFLibrarians are not trained as original researchers during library school. As a result, librarians as authors may succumb to common statistical misconceptions and use errors, thus it is important for librarians to know how to recognize them. A quick discussion of what a researcher should be aware to avoid poor methods and inaccurate use of statistics is included. A review of statistics and research methods courses currently offered in library and information science programs helps determine if the lack of training observed in earlier studies has changed. A list of recommendations for authors and reviewers of LIS literature is presented
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