413 research outputs found
Post-resolution macrophages shape long-term tissue immunity and integrity in a mouse model of Streptococcus pneumonia.
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What's best for whom? Exploring the evidence base for art therapy assessment
No full textThis chapter reviews the current evidence base for assessment in art therapy and considers how it might be developed. It explores how ‘assessment’ is understood: is it a subjective, empathic encounter or a more objective, perhaps diagnostic evaluation? This is discussed in relation to research on art therapy assessments in the UK and USA, the different aims of assessment, the contexts in which art therapists work and the clients they work with. A sequence of referral, encounter and selection is identified and emergent, differential approaches to assessment in relation to treatment are described. However, the author argues that assessment in art therapy remains unsystematic and without a solid evidence base and proposes that a pluralistic evidence base should be developed which, whilst systematic and particular to client population, is neither prescriptive nor constrained by diagnostic criteria
The poetics of Australian art therapy
No full textThs chapter explores the contemporary preoccupations of Australian art therapists, contextualised within previous research which established the different developmental trajectory art therapy in Australia has taken compared to the profession in other parts of the world, notably the United Kingdom and the United States. The eclectic mix of qualified and unqualifed practitioners engaged in different kinds of art-based therapeutic work has created a situation which, whilst problematic, has a richness and diversity. Using the approach of a 'bricoleur', the author will describe interviews with practitioners and educators that were gathered during something of a watershed in art therapy's development and draw on the techniques of conversational analysis to give an impressionistic, poetic account of art therapy in Australia. She will tell stories of the joys, frsutrations, challenges and particularities of a new and radical set of practices in places and spaces that are simultaneously old and new, whose mental health services operate within the orthodoxies produced by hard economic times
Black Teacher
No full textAn illustrated talk about Beryl Gilroy the pioneering educationalist, author and ethopsycologist Her memoir, Black Teacher, first published in 1976, details her journey to become Britain's first Black Head teacher. I was invited by the Sarah Parker UCL Centre for the Study of Racism and Racialisation to explore Beryl's career and achievements and the impact of racism on her personally and professional in post war Britain. The talk marked the republishing of Black Teacher.
Beryl Gilroy worked at the Institute of Education (IOE) as a multi-cultural researcher, and later, among receiving many other honours, she was awarded an Honorary Fellowship by the Institute in 2000.
First published in 1976, this memoir by one of Britain’s first black headteachers is a vital story of survival doused in fury, humour and love. This online talk by her daughter Darla Gilroy, will tell some untold stories behind the book and its creation.
'Gilroy was born in Guyana in 1924, and arrived in England in 1952 as an experienced and highly qualified teacher. However, because of aggressive anti-Blackness she was unable to secure a post for many years... Gilroy’s first job in education was in a Catholic school, teaching a class of seven-year-olds who whimpered and hid under the table when she arrived. Most of the white pupils she taught throughout her career parroted remarks made by their bigoted parents. “Black people live in trees. Me dad saw them isself. He was in the war. Black people roast people and eat them,” one child says. But with strength, wit and incredibly imaginative teaching, Gilroy turned the most troublesome of classes into engaged learners.
By the 1960s, schools had grown more ethnically diverse, and Gilroy’s challenge was now to consider the different cultural expectations of teaching. Still, she was a sensitive and experimental educator who cared deeply for expanding young minds through child-centred learning. “The pace, the temperature and the pulse of the classroom had to suit each child,” she wrote. “I turned to art and drama to help them towards an awareness of alternatives and to set new boundaries of their thinking.”
In many ways, Black Teacher is a book about white women, whose every grotesque prejudice is included here. Gilroy writes with surgical precision of their obsession with, and phobia of, her body. When breastfeeding, her nipples become the talk of the clinic. “That blackness around ’er tits! D’you reckon that’s good for the baby?” On a school trip, Sister Consuelo screams “Don’t touch me!” when Gilroy attempts to fan a wasp away from her neck, making Gilroy hyper-aware of her own hands. “I was nervous about picking things up,” she writes. There aren’t many such moments when Gilroy reveals her wounds, but when she does, it interrupts your breathing.
Early criticism of Black Teacher questioned its relevance. One reviewer argued: “We hear plenty of Nig-Nog, Nig-Pig and Wog hurled in her direction… Nonetheless, is it worth yet another voicing? Can the publishers seriously ask that the book should be taken to heart by educationalists and parents?” Gilroy’s title sat on the fringes of works exploring the postwar Caribbean immigrant experience, and after retiring from teaching she became an ethno-psychotherapist and wrote several novels — two of which took 30 years to find a publisher.
Last year there were calls to retitle schools bearing slave owners’ names, sparking a petition to name Beckford primary school in West Hampstead, north London, after Gilroy, a former head there. She deserves a similar level of recognition for her contribution to literature. Like ER Braithwaite’s To Sir With Love and Sam Selvon’s The Lonely Londoners, Black Teacher is a rare document of Black British survival, doused in fury and humour and love.'
- Extract from Black Teacher by Beryl Gilroy review – bigotry in the classroom, The Guardian, June 2021, by Kadish Morris. Black Teacher by Beryl Gilroy is published by Faber
Characterising a human in vivo model of neutrophil phagocytosis using intradermal methylene blue-labelled Escherichia coli
No full textPhagocytosis is important in defending against infection but cannot currently be measured in human tissues in vivo. This could improve our understanding of phagocyte biology. The current investigation therefore set out to measure bacterial phagocytosis in human tissues in vivo using the intradermal injection of Escherichia coli labelled with methylene blue (MB), a bacterial stain safe for human injection.
E. coli were labelled with MB and co-cultured with leucocytes ex vivo. Phagocytosis of MB-labelled E. coli (MBEC) caused MB to accumulate in neutrophils and monocytes. Suction blisters were then used to sample infiltrating leucocytes after intradermal MBEC injection. Blister neutrophils and monocytes contained MB, but circulating leucocytes and blister T, B and NK cells did not. Neutrophils infiltrated before monocytes and were more phagocytic. Bacterial clearance was complete 7-9h after injection, evidenced by a decrease in blister fluid endotoxin levels and increase in MB in blister phagocytes.
Blood and blister neutrophils separated into mature and immature populations, and at the end of bacterial clearance skewed towards a mature expression profile. Compared to immature neutrophils, mature neutrophils phagocytosed less at the cell-to-cell level but more as a population owing to their higher abundance. This temporal separation of mature and immature neutrophils suggested mature neutrophils were more involved in inflammation resolution.
This was a supported by the emergence of an MBloCD62Lhi blister neutrophil population at the end of bacterial clearance recognised to be an aged T cell suppressing phenotype. By measuring phagocytosis in human tissues for the first time, this investigation was therefore the first to identify this population as non-phagocytic and present during the resolution of healthy immune responses. More broadly, this investigation suggests mature and immature neutrophils have different roles in the defence against bacterial infection, with immature neutrophils more involved in inflammation onset, and mature neutrophils in inflammation resolution
Voices of inheritance : aspects of British film and television in the 1980s and 1990s
No full textDuring the 1990s the notion of the heritage film has become a taken for granted
category of British cinema. Rather than dispute the merits of particular films that lie
within this genre I question the construction of the relation between the idea of
heritage and contemporary British film and television. Using the critical literature
established by the contending cultural histories that address the rise of heritage in
British culture, I highlight other, frequently personal and national engagements with
inherited pasts. The concentration upon inheritance lends a greater emphasis to
what is passed on from the past and endures in the present.
The modes of articulating these inherited pasts are formally distinctive and
constructed out of the vocabulary of documentary and fiction. The corpus of texts
begins with the apparently radical avant garde film-making of Derek Jannan and
moves through the work of the Black Audio Film Collective to the apparently
conservative television documentaries of Alan Bennett. These key voices are then
situated in relation to the hegemonic definition of heritage and current debates
concerning British film and television. The persisting opposition which defined
British cinema during the 1980s posits an unofficial cinema characterized by dissent
and urban decay against an official cinema represented by the heritage film. My
corpus of texts challenges this opposition. The different engagements with inherited
pasts take place from different speaking positions and represent a diminishing
publicly funded tradition of film and television production. The range of positions
from margins to centre reveal that there was a contestation of the cultural sources
which are aggregated into the construction of heritage during the 1980s and 1990s
Keywords For Today
No full textKeywords For Today is a collaborative essay film produced by the Derek Jarman Lab, and funded by the University of Pittsburgh. Walter Stabb worked with other filmmakers, academics and graphic designers in the production and post-production of the film. The 24 minute film engages with the work of Raymond Williams and the 2018 book Keywords for Today. The film premiered at the Modern Languages Association annual conference in Seattle, in January 2020 and has been screened publicly by the University of Pittsburgh and Birkbeck, The University of London.
Keywords for Today (the film) follows the three launches of Keywords for Today (the book) in Pittsburgh (USA), London (UK), and Peradeniya (Sri Lanka).
Using the film essay as a method of enquiry the collaborators show how the process of researching keywords in the English language takes place in a global setting. At the University of Pittsburgh, four students present their own modern keywords, the London launch features a keynote address by Professor Paul Gilroy, winner of the 2019 Holberg Prize. At the launch in Peradeniya, Professor Arjuna Parakrama and students consider the use of English from a South Asian perspective
Food safety and licensure
No full textAmy Gilroy, John Burr & Susan Kendrick (Oregon Department of Agriculture), Laura Raymond & Karen Ullman (Washington State Department of Agriculture), Dr. Jovana Kovacevic & Stephanie Brown (Oregon State University Food Innovation Center).Title from PDF caption (viewed on June 14, 2022).This archived document is maintained by the State Library of Oregon as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes.Includes bibliographical references (page 8).Mode of access: Internet from the Oregon Government Publications Collection.Text in English
New insights into the anti-inflammatory actions of aspirin- induction of nitric oxide through the generation of epi-lipoxins
No full textAspirin has always remained an enigmatic drug. Not only does it present with new benefits for treating an ever-expanding list of apparently unrelated diseases at an astounding rate but also because aspirin enhances our understanding of the nature of these diseases processe. Originally, the beneficial effects of aspirin were shown to stem from its inhibition of cyclooxygenase-derived prostaglandins, fatty acid metabolites that modulate host defense. However, in addition to inhibiting cyclooxygenase activity aspirin can also inhibit pro-inflammatory signaling pathways, gene expression and other factors distinct from eicosanoid biosynthesis that drive inflammation as well as enhance the synthesis of endogenous protective anti-inflammatory factors. Its true mechanism of action in anti-inflammation remains unclear. Here the data from a series of recent experiments proposing that one of aspirin's predominant roles in inflammation is the induction of nitric oxide, which potently inhibits leukocyte/endothelium interaction during acute inflammation, will be discussed. It will be argued that this nitric oxide-inducing effects are exclusive to aspirin due to its unique ability, among the family of traditional anti-inflammatory drugs, to acetylate the active site of inducible cyclooxygenase and generate a family of lipid mediators called the epi-lipoxins that are increasingly being shown to have profound roles in a range of host defense responses
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