1,721,007 research outputs found
Imaging of the Kidney in the Critically Ill and Acute Renal Failure. Ultrasonography and Doppler Techniques in Acute Kidney Injury
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Emergency Ultrasound in Trauma Patients: Beware of Pitfalls and Artifacts!
No full textBackground: Ultrasonography (US) is highly dependent on operators’ skills. It is not only a matter of correct scan techniques; there are anatomical structures and variants, as well as artifacts, which can produce images difficult to interpret and which, if not properly understood, can be causes of errors. Objectives: This paper will review relatively common US pitfalls and artifacts that can be encountered in trauma patients and will offer tips to recognize and avoid them. Discussion: Normal anatomical structures and anatomical variants can mimic fluid collections or perisplenic lesions. Examination along multiple scan planes, real-time observation of movements or repetition of the study after the patient has drunk some fluid or after placing a finger on her/his body wall can help proper identification. The term artifact in US imaging refers to display phenomena not properly representing the imaged structures. This can result in images suggesting fracture lines within organs or at their borders, lung consolidations, or pleural effusions, and abdominal fluid collections. Their knowledge is the first step to recognize them; then, use of multiple scan planes or repetition of the study after voiding or changes of equipment setting can make them disappear or clarify their nature. Conclusion: We present possible anatomic pitfalls and artifacts that may affect correct interpretation of US images in patients with abdominal trauma and suggest how to avoid or to clarify them during the examination. Knowing their existence, their appearances, and the reasons why they are produced is important for proper use of this diagnostic technique
Lithiasis-induced acute kidney injury: Is ultrasonography enough?
Full text linkObstructive acute kidney injury(AKI) is relatively common, reported in 8% to 17% of cases presenting with community-acquired AKI. It is more frequent in males of advanced age, usually from bladder outlet obstruction. Guidelines recommend imaging, namely a renal tract ultrasound (US), within 24 hours from admission to rule-out obstruction and guarantee recovery of renal function. Lithiasis is not a common cause of AKI (1–2% of obstructive cases) and it is reported that only 0.72% of patients with urinary calculi develop AKI from stones. It is known that US may have difficulties in demonstrating stones-related obstructionand that unenhanced CT ismost sensitive and specific for this purpose. We report therefore the imaging findings in a series of patients with lithiasis-induced AKI to understand the respective roles of these techniques
MR imaging of the scrotum
No full textMagnetic resonance imaging represents a valuable problem-solving tool in the investigation of scrotal diseases. The technique has a clinical role in cases of inconclusive ultrasonographic examinations and when tissue characterization is necessary. The evaluation of large masses is improved compared to ultrasonography. A variety of nonsurgical lesions are safely characterized. MR imaging can be used to provide information about testicular perfusion with a sensitivity rivaling that of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography
Imaging of patients with biliopancreatic diversion for obesity: post-operative anatomy and findings in small bowel obstruction
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