31 research outputs found
Evaluation of the cytogenetic damage induced by the organophosphorous insecticide acephate
No full textThe organophosphorous insecticide acephate was tested for its ability to induce in vitro cytogenetic effect in human peripheral lymphocytes by using the chromosomal aberrations (CAs), sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and micronuclei (MN) assay. The level of nuclear DNA damage of acephate was evaluated by using the comet assay. Concentrations of 12.5, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mu g mL(-1) of acephate were used. All concentrations of acephate induced significant increase in the frequency of CAs and in the formation of MN dose dependently (r = 0.92 at 24 h, r = 0.95 at 48 h for CAs, r = 0.87 for MN). A significant increase was observed in induction of SCE at 50, 100 and 200 mu g mL(-1) concentrations during 24 h treatment and at all concentrations (except 12.5 mu g mL(-1)) during 48 h treatment period in a dose-dependent manner (r = 0.84 at 24 h, r = 0.88 at 48 h). Acephate did not affect the replicative index and cytokinesis-block proliferation index (CBPI). However, it significantly decreased the mitotic index at all three highest concentrations (50, 100, 200 mu g mL(-1)) for 24 h treatment and at all concentrations (except 12.5 mu g mL(-1)) for 48 h treatment, dose-dependently (r = 0.94 at 24 h, r = 0.92 at 48 h). A significant increase in mean comet tail length was observed at 100 and 200 mu g mL(-1) concentrations compared with negative control in a concentration-dependent manner (r = 0.94). The mean comet tail intensity was significantly increased at only 200 mu g mL(-1) concentration. The present results indicate that acephate is a clastogenic, cytotoxic agent and it causes DNA damage at high concentrations in human lymphocytes in culture
Induction of sister chromatid exchanges and cell division delays by clomiphene citrate in human lymphocytes
No full text© The Author(s) 2015.Objective: Clomiphene citrate (CC) is a selective estrogen receptor modulator and is used for the treatment of in vitro fertilization, intracytoplasmic sperm injection, intrauterine insemination, and so on. In this study, sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) and cell cycle delays were analyzed to investigate genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of CC in peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthy women. Methods: Human peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained from two donors were used to detect genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of CC. Lymphocytes were treated with various concentrations (0.40, 0.80, 1.60, and 3.20 mg/ml) of CC. A negative (distilled water) and a positive control (mitomycin-C = 0.20 mg/ml) were also used simultaneously with test substance-treated cultures. SCEs and cell division delays were measured from 25 cells and 100 cells perdonor, respectively. Results: CC significantly increased the mean SCE value at all concentrations compared with the negative control. This increase was found to be dose dependent (r = 0.83) and at the highest concentration, nearly two times higher increase was observed than the negative control. However, replication index was not affected by the CC treatment. Conclusion: The present study shows that CC is genotoxic for human lymphocytes in vitro. Further investigations, especially in vivo are now needed in different test organisms to clarify the genotoxic activity of CC, which should also help to better understand genotoxic mechanism of this ovulation-stimulating drug
test systems
No full textSeveral antioxidant food additives are added to oils, soups, sauces, chewing gum, potato chips, and so on. One of them is octyl gallate. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential genotoxicity of octyl gallate in human lymphocytes, using in vitro chromosomal abnormalities (CA), sister chromatid exchange (SCE), cytokinesis block micronucleus cytome (CBMN-Cyt), micronucleus-FISH (MN-FISH), and comet tests. Different concentrations (0.031, 0.063, 0.125, 0.25, and 0.50 mu g/ml) of octyl gallate were used. A negative (distilled water), a positive (0.20 mu g/ml Mitomycin-C), and a solvent control (8.77 mu l/ml ethanol) were also applied for each treatment. Octyl gallate did not cause changes in chromosomal abnormalities, micronucleus, nuclear bud (NBUD), and nucleoplasmic bridge (NPB) frequency. Similarly, there was no significant difference in DNA damage (comet assay), percentage of centromere positive and negative cells (MN-FISH test) compared to the solvent control. Moreover, octyl gallate did not affect replication and nuclear division index. On the other hand, it significantly increased the SCE/cell ratio in three highest concentrations compared to solvent control at 24 h treatment. Similarly, at 48 h treatment, the frequency of SCE raised significantly compared to solvent controls at all the concentrations (except 0.031 mu g/ml). An important reduction was detected in mitotic index values in the highest concentration at 24 h treatment and almost all concentrations (except 0.031 and 0.063 mu g/ml) at 48 h treatment. The results obtained suggest that octyl gallate has no important genotoxicological action on human peripheral lymphocytes at the concentrations applied in this study
Clastogenic effects of food additive citric acid in human peripheral lymphocytes
No full textClastogenic properties of the food additive citric acid, commonly used as an antioxidant, were analysed in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Citric acid induced a significant increase of chromosomal aberrations (CAs) at all the concentrations and treatment periods tested. Citric acid significantly decreased mitotic index (MI) at 100 and 200 mu g ml(-1) concentrations at 24 h, and in all concentrations at 48 h. However, it did not decrease the replication index (RI) significantly. Citric acid also significantly increased sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) at 100 and 200 mu g ml(-1) concentrations at 24 h, and in all concentrations at 48 h. This chemical significantly increased the micronuclei frequency (MN) compared to the negative control. It also decreased the cytokinesis-block proliferation index (CBPI), but this result was not statistically significant
Cytogenetic effects of citric acid and benzoic acid on Allium chromosomes
No full textThe effects of the commonly used food additives citric acid (CA) and benzoic acid (BA) have been investigated on root tips of Allium sativum L. Allium and Allium anaphase-telophase tests were used as test systems. Roots of A. sativum were treated with 50, 100, 200 and 3000 mg/L concentrations of citric acid and, 50, 100, 200 and 500 mg/L concentrations of benzoic acid for 24h, 48h and 48+24h recovery. CA and BA significantly decreased the mitotic index (MI) at all concentrations compared with the negative controls in both 24 and 48h treatments. These compounds increased the frequency of mitotic and chromosomal aberrations in Allium sativum. These abnormalities were C-mitosis, stickiness, lagging chromosomes, fragments, bridges, scattered prophases, irregular metaphases and multipolar anaphases. Additionally, variations in the percentage of mitotic stages were observed. In the recovery treatment, neither CA nor BA reduced the frequency of aberrations in the root tips. However, MI increased to similar level of the negative control in most concentrations
Genotoxicity testing of fluconazole in vivo and in vitro
No full textThe genotoxic effects of the antifungal drug fluconazole (trade name triflucan) were assessed in the chromosome aberration (CA) test in mouse bone-marrow cells in vivo and in the chromosome aberration, sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and micronucleus (MN) tests in human lymphocytes. Fluconazole was used at concentrations of 12.5, 25.0 and 50.0 mg/kg for the in vivo assay and 12.5, 25.0 and 50.0 mu g/ml were used for the in vitro assay. In both test systems, a negative and a positive control (MMC) were also included. Six types of structural aberration were observed: chromatid and chromosome breaks, sister chromatid union, chromatid exchange, fragments and dicentric chromosomes. Polyploidy was observed in both the in vivo and in vitro systems. In the in vivo test, fluconazole did not significantly increase the frequency of CA. In the in vitro assays, CA, SCE and MN frequencies were significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner compared with the negative control. The mitotic, replication and cytokinesis-block proliferation indices (CBPI) were not affected by treatments with fluconazole. According to these results, fluconazole is clastogenic and aneugenic in human lymphocytes, but these effects could not be observed in mice. Further studies should be conducted in other test systems to evaluate the full genotoxic potential of fluconazole. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
The determination of possible genetic damage to women undergoing in vitro fertilization due to infertility caused by the male factor
No full text© 2014 Elsevier Ltd.In this study, we aimed at determining possible genetic damage to women who were exposed to in vitro fertilization (IVF) due to infertility with male factor. Four different genotoxicity tests were used in human lymphocytes in this study with regard to chromosomal aberration (CA), sister chromatid exchange (SCE), micronucleus (MN), and comet tests. There was a statistically significant increase in sister chromatid exchange (SCE) test in the study group compared with the control group. In addition, a higher rate of MN frequency was determined only in the 21-30 age range study group compared with the control group in the same age range. On the other hand, MN frequency did not differ significantly between the control and total study groups. In addition, there was no significant difference between the control group and the study group in terms of mitotic (MI), replication (RI), and nuclear division (NDI) indices. Furthermore, there was no statistically significant increase for chromosomal aberration and DNA damage to the study groups. Our results showed that in vitro fertilization treatments have a weak risk at the genetic level in cultured human lymphocytes
Genotoxicity study in lymphocytes of offset printing workers
No full textThe potential cytogenetic damage in offset printing workers was evaluated using sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs), chromosome aberrations (CAs) and micronuclei (MN) as biomarkers in peripheral lymphocytes of 26 volunteers (14 workers, 12 controls). The CA, SCE and MN frequency of offset printing workers was significantly higher than in their controls. The replication index (RI) was not affected while the mitotic index (MI) was affected most in the workers. It can be concluded from this study that chronic occupational exposure to printing dyes and thinner may lead to a slightly increased risk of genetic damage among offset printing workers. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Clastogenicity of the fungicide afugan in cultured human lymphocytes
No full textThe genotoxic effects of the fungicide afugan were analysed by measuring chromosomal aberrations (CAs), sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and micronuclei (MN) in cultured human peripheral lymphocytes. Concentrations of 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 μg/ml of afugan were used during 24 and 48 h. Afugan significantly increased the frequency of CAs at 5, 10 and 20 μg/ml concentrations during a 48 h treatment period. A significant increase was observed for induction of SCE and MN at all treatments compared with the negative control. A significant dose-response correlation was found in all tests. Afugan did not affect the replicative index (RI), however it significantly decreased the mitotic index (MI) at all treatment concentrations except 2.5 μg/ml, and at both treatment times. The present results indicate that afugan is clastogenic and cytotoxic to cultured human lymphocytes. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
