107 research outputs found
sj-docx-1-smo-10.1177_20503121221128134 – Supplemental material for Assessment of prevalence and associated factors of intestinal parasite infections among school children at Amber Primary School, Northwest Ethiopia
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-smo-10.1177_20503121221128134 for Assessment of prevalence and associated factors of intestinal parasite infections among school children at Amber Primary School, Northwest Ethiopia by Tamiru Getnet, Tesfa Alemayehu, Tigist Demeke, Milkiyas Toru and Yibeltal Aschale in SAGE Open Medicine</p
sj-docx-1-smo-10.1177_20503121211044379 – Supplemental material for Comparative analysis of the effectiveness of narrow-spectrum versus broad-spectrum antibiotics for the treatment of childhood pneumonia
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-smo-10.1177_20503121211044379 for Comparative analysis of the effectiveness of narrow-spectrum versus broad-spectrum antibiotics for the treatment of childhood pneumonia by Chilot Abiyu Demeke, Getnet Mequanent Adinew, Tamrat Befekadu Abebe, Abebech Tewabe Gelaye, Sisay G/Hana Gemeda and Dawit Kumilachew Yimenu in SAGE Open Medicine</p
The Global Cohort of Doctoral Students: Building Shared Global Health Research Capacity in High-Income and Low- and Middle-Income Countries
No full textDoctoral students in high- and low-income countries pursuing careers in global health face gaps in their training that could be readily filled through structured peer-learning activities with students based at partnering institutions in complimentary settings. We share lessons learned from the Global Cohort of Doctoral Students, a community of doctoral students based at the Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Haramaya University. University of Gondar, University of Botswana, and University of Rwanda College of Medicine and Health Sciences. Students in the Global Cohort program engage in collaborative research, forums for constructive feedback, and professional development activities. We describe the motivation for the program, core activities, and early successes.This work was funded by the Rose Traveling Fellowship and Deborah Rose Service Learning Fellowship at the Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health. The funding sources had no role in the writing of the manuscript or decision to submit it for publication.Iyer, HS (corresponding author), Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
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Improving Medium- and Long-Range Hydrological Forecasts with Ensemble Meteorological Forecasts and Climatic Information
No full textTitle: Improving Medium- and Long-Range Hydrological Forecasts with Ensemble Meteorological Forecasts and Climatic Information, Author: Getnet Y. Muluye, Location: MillsThe ability to provide reliable and accurate medium- and long-range hydrological
forecasts is fundamental for the effective operation and management of water resources
systems. The principal objectives of this thesis are (i) to develop a framework for
advancing the long-range forecasting skills of hydrological models by coupling pertinent
and leading climate information with regional hydro-meteorological variables; and (ii) to
develop effective mechanisms for integrating meteorological ensemble systems in a
hydrologic prediction system, which would be useful for risk analysis by policy makers
for operating both large-scale as well as small-scale water resources systems. This
research constitutes three principal components: long-range forecasts, downscaling, and
medium-range forecasts. For long-range hydrological forecasting, four data-driven models, including multilayer perceptron (MLP), time-lagged feedforward network (TLFN), Bayesian neural network (BNN) and recurrent multilayer perceptron (RMLP) were designed by
incorporating low-frequency climatic indices to forecast seasonal reservoir inflows. The
results indicated that the incorporation of modes of climatic indices in a hydrologic
forecasting model resulted in a considerable improvement in the seasonal forecast
accuracy. Furthermore, the extended Kalman filter approach was used to train the
recurrent multilayer perceptron for capturing the complexity associated with the long range
streamflow forecasting. Results showed that the proposed methodology was able to
provide a robust modeling framework capable of capturing the complex dynamics of the
hydrologic system. Different statistical methods were developed and evaluated for downscaling local scale information of precipitation and temperature from the numerical weather prediction model output. Three different methods were considered: (i) hybrids; (ii) neural networks; and (iii) nearest neighbor-based approaches. The findings revealed that the skills in the downscaled temperature forecasts were superior to those in the downscaled precipitation forecasts. In particular, for downscaling daily precipitation, the artificial neural network-logistic regression (ANN-Logst), partial least squares (PLS) regression and recurrent
multilayer perceptron trained with the extended Kalman filter (EKF) models yielded
greater skill values, and the conditional resampling method (SDSM) and K-nearest
neighbor (KNN) based models showed potential for characterizing the variability in daily
precipitation. For the case of medium-range hydrological forecasting, the downscaled and the raw numerical model outputs were forced into an HBV hydrologic model in order to
generate an ensemble of reservoir inflows. The simulation results indicated that the
downscaled-based flows had greater skill values, and yielded more accurate forecasts
than the raw-based flows. The potential economic values of flow forecasts were further
assessed based on a simple optimal decision-making, cost-loss analysis technique. The
principal outcomes emerging from the analyses included: (i) the economic benefits
associated with probabilistic flow forecasts were more useful than their deterministic
counterparts; and (ii) the downscaled-based flow forecasts offered greater benefits, which
are applicable to a much wider range of users, than the raw-based flow forecasts.ThesisDoctor of Philosophy (PhD
Growth, structure and firm dynamics in grain markets: the case of grain traders in Ethiopia
No full textIn this paper we consider the microeconomic evidence on the determinants of firm performance in Ethiopia, with a focus on grain traders. We analyse both internal and external factors, and the relative impacts of these factors on the performance of grain traders. Different economic indicators seem to suggest that grain traders have become increasingly unviable as reflected by absence or stagnation of growth. These firms suffer from a host of internal problems (e.g. weak human resources and other assets) and of external factors such as access to credit, market facilities, policy and regulatory framework, etc.). Hence without renewed focus on promoting firm growth, especially grain traders through improving access to warehouses, relaxing credit constraints, and improving the macroeconomic and regulatory environment, not only grain traders but also rural and urban households will face a very uncertain and untenable future which will hamper the performance of grain markets and the battle against poverty and food insecurity.Keywords: Firm, growth, grain traders, Ethiopi
Constructing Reference Semantic Predictions from Biomedical Knowledge Sources
No full textInternational audienc
The Influence of Leadership Styles on Employees’ Job Satisfaction in Ethiopian Public Universities
No full text
Prevalence of group A β-haemolytic Streptococcus among children with pharyngitis in Jimma town, Southwest Ethiopia
No full textAbstractBackgroundGroup A Streptococcus (GAS) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality among children and responsible for 20–30% of bacterial pharyngitis.ObjectiveDetermining prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and clinical predictors of GAS among children with pharyngitis.MethodA cross sectional study was conducted on 355 children with pharyngitis attended in Health Centers of Jimma town from May 8 to December 31, 2013. Demographic and clinical data were collected by questionnaire. Throat swabs were collected and processed with the standard microbiological techniques to isolate GAS. The disc diffusion method was used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression analysis were done by SPSS version 20.ResultsFemales accounted for 57.7% of 355 children with pharyngitis. Sixty-six percent of the children were 5–9years old giving mean±SD age of 8.5±2.7years. The prevalence of GAS was 11.3%. All isolates of GAS were susceptible to penicillin and erythromycin. However, 52.5% were resistant to tetracycline. Absence of cough, tonsillar swelling or exudate and temperature >38°C were found to be independent predictors for GAS infection among children with pharyngitis (P<0.05).ConclusionIn this study the prevalence of GAS was relatively low. However, the seasonality of GAS infection might underestimate the prevalence, so that large-scale prospective study in the entire season and in various settings is required. In addition, the clinical variables that are predictor of GAS pharyngitis can be considered for the diagnosis of GAS pharyngitis with further evaluation of its reproducibility in different settings
3D Hydrodynamic Modelling Enhances the Design of Tendaho Dam Spillway, Ethiopia
No full textHydraulic structures are often complex and in many cases their designs require attention so that the flow behavior around hydraulic structures and their influence on the environment can be predicted accurately. Currently, more efficient computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes can solve the Navier–Stokes equations in three-dimensions and free surface computation in a significantly improved manner. CFD has evolved into a powerful tool in simulating fluid flows. In addition, CFD with its advantages of lower cost and greater flexibility can reasonably predict the mean characteristics of flows such as velocity distributions, pressure distributions, and water surface profiles of complex problems in hydraulic engineering. In Ethiopia, Tendaho Dam Spillway was constructed recently, and one flood passed over the spillway. Although the flood was below the designed capacity, there was an overflow due to superelevation at the bend. Therefore, design of complex hydraulic structures using the state-of- art of 3D hydrodynamic modelling enhances the safety of the structures. 3D hydrodynamic modelling was used to verify the safety of the spillway using designed data and the result showed that the constructed hydraulic section is not safe unless it is modified
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