1,721,036 research outputs found
Do optimism and moralization predict vaccination? A five-wave longitudinal study
No full textObjective: To examine if personal and comparative optimism, perceived effectiveness, and moralization of vaccination predicts people’s decision to get vaccinated.
Methods: We measured self-reported vaccination decisions in a 5-wave longitudinal study (N ≈ 5000/wave) in Belgium over a six months period (December 2020-May 2021) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Among the predictors were demographic factors, personal and comparative optimism for three aspects of COVID-19 (infection, severe disease, good outcome), perceived effectiveness of vaccination, and the extent to which vaccination is being viewed upon in prosocial terms (altruism, civic spirit) versus as instrumental in one’s self-interest (common sense, concern about one’s health).
Results: The actual availability of vaccines changed people’s outlook on vaccination. Marked differences emerged in vaccination decision between linguistic-cultural regions (Flemish Region, Walloon Region, Brussels Capital Region). Personal and comparative optimism predicted vaccination decisions to different extents depending on participants’ age and on whether the optimism was for infection, severe disease, or a good outcome. In older participants, vaccination decision was mostly predicted by personal optimism; in younger participants it was mostly predicted by comparative optimism. Moralizing vaccination predicted a lower likelihood of a positive vaccination decision, that is, higher vaccine hesitancy or refusal, particularly in older participants.
Conclusions: Assessments of risk perception serving to inform vaccination campaigns should differentiate between expectations concerning the risk of infection and expectations concerning the outcome of an infection. Public health messages should address comparative optimism, particularly when targeting younger populations. Contrary to popular belief, moralizing vaccination may reduce the willingness to get vaccinated.sponsorship: Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek|G0G6620N, Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek|K803121Nstatus: Publishe
Do health beliefs about COVID‐19 predict morbidity? A longitudinal study
No full textIn a highly powered (N & AP; 5000), six-months longitudinal study (December 2020-May 2021), we tested the assumption that beliefs concerning COVID-19 and the precautions against it predicted morbidity. Six months after having filled out a survey measuring beliefs about the disease and the precautions against it, participants reported if they were or had been ill with COVID-19. A lower likelihood of being or having been ill with COVID-19 was predicted by personal optimism concerning infection, perceived personal control over infection, perceived effectiveness of precautions, and self-reported personal or better-than-average adherence to the precautions. A higher likelihood of being or having been ill with COVID-19 was predicted by perceived personal control over a good outcome of an infection, egocentric impact perception concerning the impact of the disease, perceived difficulty of adherence to the precautions, and both personal and egocentric impact perception concerning the impact of the precautions. Comparative optimism did not predict morbidity, nor did personal optimism concerning severe disease or a good outcome, perceived personal control over severe disease, and moralization of the precautions. We discuss implications for public health communication.The research in this paper was supported by FWO-Grant G0G6620N, awarded to the last four authors and Eliane Deschrijver (UGent & UNSW). We warmly thank Roel Vercammen, Gunther Ackermans, and Lander Van den Eynde for their help in the organization of the data collection
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Een instrument voor de beoordeling van industriële arbeid. Een toepassing voor de funktie onderhoudsmonteur
No full textstatus: Publishe
Een instrument voor de beoordeling van industriële arbeid. Met een toepassing voor de funktie 'onderhoudsmonteur'
No full textstatus: Publishe
On the use of field-substitution in (health) surveys
No full textAbstract: Field-substitution is a technique used to address non-participation in surveys. Essential in this technique is that non-participating cases are substituted (replaced) during data-collection. Field-substitution is a contested technique and rarely applied in surveys. Core of the criticism is that it would impact the efforts of interviewers make to contact and to convince cases to participate (since they know that non-participating cases will be substituted). As a consequence, hard-to-reach cases will be substituted by easy-to-reach cases, resulting in an additional bias in the estimates. It will be argued that this critique is perhaps relevant for very permissive, naive applications of field-substitution where interviewers can decide themselves when a case is a non-participating case and who will serve as a substitute case. In strict applications, the field-substitution process is the prerogative of fieldwork management. Matched field-substitution has been applied in de Belgian Health Interview Survey (BHIS), since its start in 1997: during data-collection, non-participating households are substituted by households that match the initial selected households in terms of statistical sector, age-group of the reference person and household size. Throughout the survey years (1997, 2001, 2004, 2008, 2013 and 2018) around 60% of all participating households were households initial selected for participation and 40% were substitute-households, percentages that were different per region, with higher percentages of substitute-households in the Brussels Capital Region. By applying field-substitution, the targeted net-sample size could be obtained for every region and for every survey year. By linking BHIS para-data with data derived from the Census, educational inequalities in survey participation could be observed, that were not reinforced nor weakened by applying field-substitution. It is concluded that applying field-substitution is acceptable under specific conditions: a rich sampling frame, rigorous follow-up of the data-collection process and sufficient time for data-collection
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
- …
