6 research outputs found
Active commuting reduces sociodemographic differences in adherence to recommendations derived from leisure-time physical activity among Brazilian adults
No full textAbstract not availableG.F. Del Duca, M.V. Nahas, L.M.T. Garcia, S.G. Silva, P.C. Hallal, M. A. Pere
Prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of all domains of physical activity in Brazilian adults
No full textObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence and sociodemographic indicators associated with physical inactivity in leisure, commuting, work, and household in adults in Florianopolis, Brazil.MethodsPopulation-based cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2009 to January 2010, with adults between 20 to 59 years of age (n=1720). Sociodemographic indicators and physical inactivity in each domain were assessed by a validated questionnaire, applied through face-to-face interviews.ResultsThe prevalence of physical inactivity in each domain was: leisure (52.5%); commuting (50.4%); work (80.9%); and household (57.6%). Women were 27% more inactive in leisure, while men were significantly more inactive at commuting and household (pConclusionsSociodemographic indicators presented different associations with physical inactivity in each domain.Giovâni Firpo Del Duca, Markus Vinicius Nahas, Leandro Martin Totaro Garcia, Jorge Mota, Pedro Curi Hallal, Marco Aurélio Pere
Persistency of financial distress amongst Italian households: evidence from dynamic probit models
No full textThis paper analyses financial distress among Italian households using the longitudinal component of the Bank of Italy Survey on Household Income and Wealth (SHIW) for the period 1998-2006. It aims to test whether the probability of experiencing financial difficulties is persistent over time. First we review the methodologies for estimating dynamic nonlinear panel data models, drawing attention to the problems to be dealt with to obtain consistent estimators. Specific attention is given to the initial condition problem introduced by the presence of the lagged dependent variable in the set of explanatory variables. Second we provide an in-depth discussion of the alternative approaches proposed in the literature - subjective/qualitative versus quantitative indicators - to identify households in financial distress. We define a quantitative measure of financial distress based on the distribution of net wealth. Finally we apply dynamic probit models to test for true state dependence in financial distress. The estimation uses four different methods: the pooled probit; the random effects probit with exogenous initial conditions; the Heckman model; and the more recent Wooldridge model. The results of all the estimators confirm the null hypothesis of true state dependence and show that, in line with the literature, less sophisticated models, namely pooled and exogenous models, tend to over-estimate this persistence.Difficoltà finanziarie delle famiglie; Modelli probit dinamici su dati panel; Indagine Banca d’Italia sui bilanci familiari; Household financial distress; Dynamic probit models; SHIW.
Relaciones del currículo con los estándares básicos de competencias : estudio de caso en educación básica y media.
No full textTesis de grado presentada para optar por el título de Magister en Educación en el Énfasis en Evaluación y Gestión Educativa, cuyo propósito es caracterizar las concepciones de currículo que evidencian los docentes de Educación Básica y media de la Institución Educativa Marceliano Polo y su relación con la política de estándares básicos de competencias en el área de Humanidades, Lengua Castellana, con el fin de generar alternativas desde la construcción de lineamientos para un currículo crítico.
Para llevar a cabo la investigación fue necesario realizar una indagación teórica que permitiera analizar y reflexionar sobre los presupuestos epistemológicos de la política educativa en torno a estándares y currículo. Es así como este documento parte de reconocer las políticas públicas educativas a nivel mundial y a nivel nacional, de tal forma que se pueda contextualizar la realidad que se vive en el caso de la Institución educativa Marceliano Polo, e ir develando la intencionalidad que subyacen en estas políticas de corte globalizante y neoliberal. Posteriormente se llega al currículo, mostrando las diversas concepciones curriculares que puede tener un docente en la actualidad, analizando así cuales tienden a la tecnicidad del currículo y mostrando el currículo crítico como una alternativa para el rediseño curricular en la actualidad. En esta misma línea se llega al estudio de los estándares básicos de competencias, dando una mirada a la política de estandarización en Colombia y estudiando específicamente el caso de Lenguaje. Además de lo anterior se explica la ruta metodológica que se sigue en el proyecto partiendo de la pedagogía critica como la postura epistemológica que cimienta el proyecto, pasando por una investigación alternativa, de corte hermenéutico interpretativo, como un estudio de caso; utilizando la encuesta estructurada y los talleres como técnicas de recolección de información y el modelo de critica educativa de Eisner (1998) para el análisis y la presentación de resultados
Персонализированная медицина критических состояний (обзор)
No full textPersonalized medicine (PM) is a major trend in health care development in the 21st century. This area includes studying risk factors for disease development (prediction), interventions for preventing diseases (prophylaxis), individualization of diagnosis and treatment (personalization), informing the patient on disease prevention and treatment (participation). In the recent years, an intense research to introduce the personalized medicine principles into the management of critically ill patients, has been under way. This includes identification of patient groups based on genomic research, development of diagnostic tests using molecular markers, creation of novel classes of drugs based on individual patient characteristics.The aim of the review is to summarize the available data on the implementation of the principles of PM in the routine practice of critical care institutions.We analyzed more than 300 sources of literature from the Pubmed and Scopus databases, as well as the RSCI database. Eighty five most relevant sources were selected for the review. The paper reports data on the organization and results of implementation of PM principles and advanced technologies, such as Emergency Medicine Sample Bank (EMSB), in the daily activity of clinics providing emergency critical care. The formation of the novel PM concept focused on the treatment of critically ill patients has been discussed. The review contains detailed data on the patterns of development of specific critical illnesses such as acute cerebrovascular events, acute respiratory distress syndrome, traumatic brain injury, shock, myocardial infarction, cardiac rhythm and conduction disturbances. Medication efficacy in view of individual genetic patient characteristics has also been highlighted. No research limitations on the subject were identified.Conclusion. The analysis of literature has demonstrated positive results of implementing PM principles in prevention, diagnosis and treatment of critically ill patients. Creation of Biobanks, development of training programs and regulatory documentation, advancing the scientific research, introduction of new methods of diagnosis and treatment will contribute to the implementation of PM principles in practical healthcare.Персонализированная медицина (ПМ) является главным вектором развития здравоохранения в XXI веке и включает направления, касающиеся факторов риска развития заболевания (предикативность), мероприятия по предотвращению заболевания (профилактика), индивидуализацию диагностики и лечения (персонализация), информирование пациента по вопросам профилактики и лечения заболевания (партисипативность). В последние годы ведется активная исследовательская работа, направленная на внедрение принципов ПМ в процесс оказания помощи пациентам, находящимся в критических состояниях. Это касается выделения групп пациентов на основе исследования генома, разработки диагностических тестов с использованием молекулярных маркеров, создания нового класса лекарств с учетом индивидуальных характеристик пациентов.Цель обзора — обобщить имеющиеся данные о внедрении принципов ПМ в практику работы медицинских учреждений, обеспечивающих лечение пациентов, находящихся в критическом состоянии.Провели анализ более 300 источников литературы международных баз данных Pubmed, Scopus и РИНЦ. Из общего массива отобрали 85 источников, которые в наибольшей степени соответствуют цели обзора.В обзоре представили сведения об организации и результатах внедрения принципов и передовых технологий ПМ, таких как банк образцов неотложной медицины — EMSB, в работу клиник, оказывающих неотложную помощь при критических состояниях. Рассмотрели формирование представлений о ПМ, в том числе признаки новой концепции, ориентированной на лечение пациентов в критическом состоянии. Изложили сведения о специфике развития конкретных критических состояний (острых нарушений мозгового кровообращения, острого респираторного дистресс-синдрома, черепно-мозговой травмы, шока, инфаркта миокарда, нарушений ритма и проводимости), а также об эффективности применения лекарственных препаратов, в зависимости от индивидуальных генетических особенностей пациентов.Ограничений исследований по вопросам темы не выявили.Заключение. Анализ данных литературы свидетельствует о позитивных результатах внедрения принципов ПМ в профилактику, диагностику и лечение больных в критических состояниях. Создание биобанков, разработка учебных программ и нормативной документации, активизация научных исследований, внедрение новых методов диагностики и лечения способствуют реализации принципов ПМ в практическом здравоохранении
Process improvement approaches for increasing the response of emergency departments against the Covid-19 pandemic: a systematic review
No full textThe COVID-19 pandemic has strongly affected the dynamics of Emergency Departments (EDs) worldwide and has accentuated the need for tackling different operational inefficiencies that decrease the quality of care provided to infected patients. The EDs continue to struggle against this outbreak by implementing strategies maximizing their performance within an uncertain healthcare environment. The efforts, however, have remained insufficient in view of the growing number of admissions and increased severity of the coronavirus disease. Therefore, the primary aim of this paper is to review the literature on process improvement interventions focused on increasing the ED response to the current COVID-19 outbreak to delineate future research lines based on the gaps detected in the practical scenario. Therefore, we applied the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to perform a review containing the research papers published between December 2019 and April 2021 using ISI Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, IEEE, Google Scholar, and Science Direct databases. The articles were further classified taking into account the research domain, primary aim, journal, and publication year. A total of 65 papers disseminated in 51 journals were concluded to satisfy the inclusion criteria. Our review found that most applications have been directed towards predicting the health outcomes in COVID-19 patients through machine learning and data analytics techniques. In the overarching pandemic, healthcare decision makers are strongly recommended to integrate artificial intelligence techniques with approaches from the operations research (OR) and quality management domains to upgrade the ED performance under social-economic restrictions.Ortiz Barrios, Miguel Angel-will be generated-orcid-0000-0001-6890-7547-600Coba Blanco, Dayana Milena-will be generated-orcid-0000-0002-0395-8172-600Alfaro-Saiz, Juan-Jose-will be generated-orcid-0000-0003-2587-6853-600Stand-González, Daniel
