1,721,004 research outputs found
Acute Infectious Diarrhea
No full textAcute infectious diarrhea (AID) is one of the most common diseases in pediatric age with relevant burden both in high and in low-income countries. Thanks to their direct action on enterocyte functions and indirect actions on the mucosal and systemic immune system and on intestinal microbiome, probiotics are an ideal intervention to treat AID in childhood. However, their efficacy is strictly related to strains and indications, and practitioners should take this information into account in clinical practice. This chapter summarizes the main mechanisms of action of probiotics in AID, with a focus on proof of efficacy supporting their use in prevention and treatment of childhood AID. The use of selected strains in appropriate doses is strongly recommended by guidelines of AID, based on compelling proofs of efficacy and safety. At present, therapy with probiotics of AID is probably the strongest indication for probiotic use in medicine. Their role in prevention of AID is however questionable in healthy population, whereas it should be considered in at-risk population. Evidence for prevention of diarrhea in day-care centers and communities is lacking, but consistent evidence supports efficacy in prevention of hospital acquired diarrhea. Finally, this chapter presents novelties on this topic, in particular the role of rotavirus immunization on probiotics effectiveness and the effect of probiotics and postbiotics on Covid-associated diarrhea. Overall: AID is the most convincing area for probiotic use in children with gastrointestinal disorders, and effective strains should be used early on after onset of symptoms
Identification of a novel mutation in Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase gene associated with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
No full textContralateral spinal accessory nerve: a suitable "new" donor nerve for heterotopic nerve transfer in total brachial plexus palsy
No full textPatients with complete brachial plexus palsy with avulsion of 4–5 roots often have a paucity of suitable donor nerves to provide for a proper functional recovery of the upper extremity. The spinal accessory nerve is routinely employed ipsilaterally for nerve transfer to the suprascapular nerve. The purpose of this paper is to describe the clinical use of the contralateral spinal accessory nerve as a donor nerve for brachial plexus surgery. Since 2005 the contralateral spinal accessory nerve has been used for neurotization of the axillary nerve in selected cases of total brachial plexus injuries. In this paper total plexus palsy surgical strategies, technical details and preliminary functional outcomes of a group of 6 consecutive patients with a minimum follow-up of 30 months (76–31, average 55) are described. The preliminary results are encouraging: the functional outcome of the deltoid muscle, evaluated according to the British Medical Research Council grading system, was M4 in 1 patient, M3 in 1 patient, M2 in 2 patients, M1 in 1 patient, and M0 in 1 patient. In conclusion, the use of the contralateral spinal accessory nerve shows good results in terms of functional recovery and the simplicity of the procedure.Patienten mit vollständiger Lähmung des Plexus brachialis durch Abriss oder Ausriss von 4 bis 5 Wurzeln haben oft einen Mangel an geeigneten Spendernerven für eine befriedigende funktionelle
Wiederherstellung der oberen Extremität. Der ipsilaterale N. accessorius wird in den meisten Zentren routinemäßig auf den N. suprascapularis transferiert. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, die klinische Anwendung des kontralateralen N. accessorius als Spendernerv für Neurotisationen des Plexus brachialis zu beschreiben. Seit 2005 wird der kontralaterale N. accessorius für die Neurotisation des N. axillaris in ausgewählten Fällen kompletter Plexus brachialis Verletzungen verwendet. Wir stellen chirurgische Strategien, technische Details und vorläufi ge funktionelle Ergebnisse an Hand von 6 konsekutiven Fällen mit einem durchschnittlichen Follow-up von 55 (30 bis 76) Monaten vor. Die vorläufi gen Resultate sind insgesamt ermutigend. Die Muskelkraft des M. deltoideus-Zielmuskels ausgewertet nach Angaben des britischen Medical Research Council Beurteilungs-System lag bei einem Patienten bei M4, M3 bei einem Patienten, bei 2 Patienten M2, M1 bei einem Patienten und M0 bei einem weiteren Patienten. Zusammenfassend zeigt die Verwendung des kontralateralen N. accessorius gute Ergebnisse in Bezug auf die funktionelle Erholung und bei einer relativen Einfachheit des Verfahrens
L’uso dei fili di sospensione come tecnica complementare nelle ricostruzioni complesse dell’estremo cefalico
No full textIl lembo fascio-sottocutaneo radiale a base distale per la copertura della regione flessoria carpale
No full textL'impiego dei fili di sospensione di nuova generazione nelle ricostruzioni complesse del distretto cervico-facciale
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L’impiego dei fili di sospensione di nuova generazione nelle ricostruzioni complesse dell’estremo cefalico
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