32 research outputs found
Maternal and Environmental Determinants of Breast-Milk Mercury Concentrations
No full textSUMMARY: Yalçın SS, Yurdakök K, Yalçın S, Engür-Karasimav D, Coşkun T. Maternal and environmental determinants of breast milk mercury concentrations. Turk J Pediatr 2010: 52: 1-9. We aimed to evaluate the maternal factors [including dietary habits, dental care, smoking, anemia, levels of breast milk zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe), and levels of serum selenium (Se), Zn and copper (Cu)] that influence breast- milk mercury (Hg) concentrations and to investigate whether there is any relation between Hg concentrations and infant growth and development during the exclusive breastfeeding period and in the second year of life. Forty-four healthy mother-infant pairs in the 10-20-day postpartum period were enrolled in the study. Maternal history and blood samples for hemoglobin, Fe, Fe binding capacity, ferritin, Se, Zn, and Cu and breast-milk samples for Fe, Zn and Hg were taken. Infant growth and development during the exclusive breastfeeding period and in the second year of life were followed. The mean concentration of breast-milk Hg was 3.42±1.66 µg/L. Serum Se levels were negatively correlated with milk Hg levels. Multivariate analysis revealed that active/passive smoking and offal intake during pregnancy and presence of maternal anemia had an impact on increased milk Hg concentrations. Preventive strategies for mercury exposure should include management of iron deficiency anemia, cessation of smoking exposure and proper nutrition during the pregnancy period.Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [SBAG-2407]This research was partially supported by the Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK SBAG-2407). We thank Dr. Yahya Laleli and Gulveren Taskin from Duzen Laboratory for measuring breast-milk mercury, zinc and iron concentrations and Hatice Onat and Mehmet Tas from Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Metabolism for measuring serum selenium, copper and zinc levels. We are deeply grateful to Dr. Gulsen Hascelik from the Hacettepe University Laboratory of Biochemistry for analyzing serum iron, serum iron binding capacity and serum ferritin
Examining the Effects of Oxygen Exposure on the Developing Brain Through Murine Models
No full textABSTRACT Hyperoxia is one of the key players contributing preterm brain injury. Researchers typically use rodent models to pinpoint the underlying pathologic alterations in hyperoxic brain damage. When evaluating the neurological effects of neonatal hyperoxic brain injury in an experimental model, choosing the appropriate assessment techniques is crucial. The goal of this article is to review the behavioral and learning tests that can be used to determine the impact of hyperoxia on the developing brain. Injuries to the nervous system can be recovered very quickly in newborn rodents. Thus, the timing of evaluation tests are very critical. A model that is appropriate for the brain's developmental processes and accurately simulates the damage in humans should be utilized in studies on neonatal hyperoxic brain injury, and the right test should be chosen at the appropriate time. In the first twenty days, physical and motor development tests, and subsequent evaluation of damaged brain structures are relevant. The open field and forced swim tests can be used to assess the animal's locomotor activity and depressive condition, while the watermaze, passive avoidance and new object recognition tests can be used to assess cognitive abilities. In laboratory mice and rats, physical development and motor reflex development tests can be started right after birth, while learning and memory tests can be done from 4 weeks at the earliest. Correlations between motor development, behavior, memory tests, and results of cellular/ molecular studies should be made and interpreted carefully. Keywords: Brain injury, behavioral test, hyperoxia model, motor development tests, newborn rodent</p
Laboratuvar Sıçan Kolonilerinde Sık Laktasyon Dönemleri Annelerin Kendilerine ve Yavrularına Bakım ve Beslenmesi Üzerinde Olumsuz Etkisi Olur mu?
No full textLaboratuvar sıçanları deneysel hayvan araştırmalarında en çok tercih edilen ikinci memeli türüdür. Bu araştırma, “laboratuvarda üretimde kullanılan dişi sıçanların emzirme dönemlerinin sık olması yavruların ve kendilerinin öz bakımını olumsuz etkiler mi ?” sorusuna cevaplandırmak için yapılmıştır. Bu amaçla, geleneksel bir Wistar Albino sıçan kolonisinden gelen anne sıçanların kendileri ve yavruları için bakımı, birbirini takip eden iki emzirme dönemi bu çalışma kapsamında izlendi. Çalışmaya dahil edilen anne sıçanlar doğurdukları tüm yavrularını iki laktasyon döneminde başarıyla büyütmüşlerdir. Anne sıçanların iki laktasyon döneminde de erken laktasyon evresinde (PostNatal-PN1-8 gün) günlük yaşamlarının %85'ini yavruları ile birlikte geçirdiği tespit edilmiştir. Laktasyon döneminin ikinci ve orta evresinde (PN9-18 günleri arasında) günlük yaşamlarının %60'ını, laktasyonun geç ve son evresinde (PN19-23 günleri arasınde) günlük yaşamlarının %30'unu yavrularıyla birlikte geçirdikleri tespit edilmiştir. Anne sıçanların laktasyon döneminin erken, orta ve geç dönemlerinde yavrularıyla birlikte kalma süreleri, yavrularından ayrılma süreleri ve ayrılma sıklıkları açısından anlamlı farklılık bulunurken (p< .001), iki laktasyon döneminin aynı dönemleri birbiriyle karşılaştırıldığında anlamlı bir fark bulunamadı (p> .05). Anne sıçanların iki laktasyon dönemindeki canlı ağırlık değişimi, yem tüketimi ve su tüketimi değişimleri karşılaştırıldığında önemli bir fark bulunamadı. Anne sıçanların ve yavrularının sık laktasyon dönemlerinde bakımında herhangi bir olumsuz etkinin olmadığı sonucuna varıldı. </p
Platelets and platelet-derived growth factor in closure of the ductus arteriosus
No full textThe crucial role of platelets in the permanent closure of the ductus arteriosus has recently been elucidated in an animal model; however, clinical studies investigating the impact of platelet count on ductal patency have conflicting results. Our aim is to compare platelet count, indices and serum platelet-derived growth factor levels in preterms with and without ductal patency. Preterms with a gestational age of 27-30 weeks followed up during a twelve-month period in the neonatal intensive care unit of Adnan Menderes University Hospital were enrolled. Infants underwent echocardiographic evaluation starting on the second day and subsequently assessed every other day until ductal closure was achieved, or upon clinical signs of reopening. Platelet-derived growth factor was measured on the second and fifth days of life. Eleven very low birth weight infants who subsequently required medical treatment for patent ductus arteriosus were compared with twenty-three infants with closed ductus. Although platelet count and indices were similar, median serum plateletderived growth factor levels on day 5 were significantly lower among babies who subsequently required medical treatment for ductal patency (874.6 vs 1099.6 pg/ml). The current study points out a possible association between serum platelet-derived growth factor levels and ductal closure. Our results suggest that platelet-derived growth factor may play a role in ductal closure independent from platelet count and might be used as an adjunct surrogate for prediction of future need for treatment for hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants
Impact of Maternal Ketogenic Diet on NLRP3 Inflammasome Response in the Offspring Brain
No full textThe effects of maternal diet on the neuroimmune responses of the offspring remain to be elucidated. We investigated the impact of maternal ketogenic diet (KD) on the NLRP3 inflammasome response in the offspring’s brain. C57BL/6 female mice were randomly allocated into standard diet (SD) and ketogenic diet (KD) groups for 30 days. After mating, the presence of sperm in the vaginal smear was considered day 0 of pregnancy, and female mice continued their respective diets during pregnancy and the lactation period. Following birth, pups were further allocated into two groups and given either LPS or intraperitoneal saline on postnatal (PN) days 4, 5 and 6; they were sacrificed on PN11 or PN21. Neuronal densities were significantly lower globally in the KD group when compared to the SD group at PN11. Neuronal density in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and dentate gyrus (DG) regions were also significantly lower in the KD group when compared to the SD group at PN21. Following administration of LPS, the decrease in the neuronal count was more prominent in the SD group when compared to the KD group in the PFC and DG regions at PN11 and PN21. NLRP3 and IL-1β were higher in the KD group than in the SD group at PN21 in the PFC, CA1 and DG regions, and were significantly lower in the DG region of the KD group especially when compared to the SD group following LPS. Results of our study reveal that maternal KD negatively affects the offspring’s brain in the mouse model. The effects of KD exhibited regional variations. On the other hand, in the presence of KD exposure, NLRP3 expression after LPS injection was lower in the DG and CA1 areas but not in the PFC when compared to SD group. Further experimental and clinical studies are warranted to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the impact of antenatal KD exposure and regional discrepancies on the developing brain
https://www.labanimscience-ataunipress.org/en/highlights-for-the-research-involving-the-lactation-period-in-laboratory-rats-1327
No full textLactation is an important period in newborn nutrition since nutritional factors in the early stagesof development have life-long impacts. Lactation provides various important long-lasting healthbenefits to the offspring. The lactation period, however, provides much more than just nutrients.The composition and quantity of nutrients in breast milk are not the only factors that can influence offsprings during breastfeeding. Maternal behaviors to nourish and protect her litters during lactation are also important in programing. The current study attempted to focus on specificcharacteristics of the breastfeeding period, such as changes in food consumption, mother’sweight, and the time dams spend lactating with or without pups. A deeper understanding of thiscritical period will allow for designing better pediatric models including maternal separation, artificial rearing, and studies covering maternal manipulations.Keywords: Lactation period, maternal care, milk, mother rats, newborn </p
Hiperoksi Beyin Enerjisi Metabolizmasında Glikoliz Yolağından Pentoz Fosfat Yolağına Yönelmeye Neden Olabilir Mi?
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