22 research outputs found
Calibration & Validation Surface Reflectance Measurements
No full textMaintenance and Update Frequency: asNeededStatement: Datasets
- Geoscience Australia field data campaigns: From the ARD Cal/Val team, DEA, GA
Data types
- Spectral data as raw digital numbers, radiance and reflectance.<b>Purpose</b><br/>NSD source dataset, data provided by GA ARD as part of the Calibration & Validation Surface Reflectance Measurements Phase 1 and Phase 2 projectsRecord for source data - Calibration & Validation Surface Reflectance Measurements for the National Spectral Database (NSD).<br/><br/>This is a collection of Phase 1 & Phase 2 datasets from Geoscience Australia Analysis Ready Data (ARD) Calibration & Validation's field program. The data is intended to serve the GA ARD surface reflectance validation pipeline.<br/><br/>Phase 1 field campaigns are summarised in the technical report:<br/>Byrne, G., Walsh, A., Thankappan, M., Broomhall, M., Hay, E. 2021. DEA Analysis Ready Data Phase 1 Validation Project : Data Summary. Geoscience Australia, Canberra. doi.org/10.26186/14510
“Hemostat forceps” a simple and useful adjuvant to clip applicator forceps for clipping saccular cerebral aneurysms – Technical note
No full textAbstractDespite technical and technological advances in Neurosurgery, in the last four decades, there has been no significant reduction, in the dimensions of the, aneurysm clip applicator forceps. This can be challenging, even to the most experienced neurovascular surgeon, especially when the surgical corridor created remains narrow, despite all possible measures to widen it. The author describes one such situation, where an anterior communicating artery aneurysm was clipped successfully using a simple “hemostat” forceps. The author describes the advantages and disadvantages of a hemostat forceps, when used as a clip applicator. He also explains how a “custom made” hemostat forceps, can overcome these pitfalls. The author concludes that, though a standard clip applicator forceps is the instrument of choice, to clip aneurysms, a “custom made” set of hemostat forceps can prove superior to conventional clip applicators, in select situations, where the surgical corridor is too narrow and the relatively large dimensions of the clip applicator itself, obliterates visibility of the local anatomy
A Rule Based Question Answering System in Malayalam Corpus Using Vibhakthi and POS Tag Analysis
No full textAbstractMalayalam is an agglutinative language. Only a few numbers of works have been done in question answering system for Malayalam. To denote a relation to the verb or any other name some morphophonemic modifications are added to the noun in Malayalam sentences. These modifications are performed using vibhakthi. For example: etc. Here we proposed a QA system which gives word level answers by comparing vibhakthi and POS tags of question words, words in the corpus given as answer set
GA Landsat 5 TM Analysis Ready Data Collection 3
No full textMaintenance and Update Frequency: asNeededStatement: This product is derived from the USGS Landsat Collection 1 archive.
The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) MCD43A1 Version 6 Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function and Albedo (BRDF/Albedo) Model Parameters dataset was provided by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). It was produced daily using 16 days of Terra and Aqua MODIS data at 500 m resolution.
The ozone data was provided by Environment Canada.
The Aerosol Optical Thickness data was provided by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO).
The Precipitable Water for Entire Atmosphere data was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) / Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) / Physical Sciences Division (PSD).
The baseline Digital Surface Model (DSM) data produced from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) was provided by the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA).
Level 1 Collection 1 data was provided by the United States Geological Survey (USGS)'s Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center.<b>BACKGROUND</b><br/><p><br/><p>The United States Geological Survey's (USGS) Landsat satellite program has been capturing images of the Australian continent for more than 30 years. This data is highly useful for land and coastal mapping studies. <br/><p>In particular, the light reflected from the Earth’s surface (surface reflectance) is important for monitoring environmental resources – such as agricultural production and mining activities – over time. <br/><p>We need to make accurate comparisons of imagery acquired at different times, seasons and geographic locations. However, inconsistencies can arise due to variations in atmospheric conditions, sun position, sensor view angle, surface slope and surface aspect. These need to be reduced or removed to ensure the data is consistent and can be compared over time. <br/><p> </p><br/><b>WHAT THIS PRODUCT OFFERS</b><br/><p><br/><p>GA Landsat 5 TM Analysis Ready Data Collection 3 takes Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery captured over the Australian continent and corrects for inconsistencies across land and coastal fringes. The result is accurate and standardised surface reflectance data, which is instrumental in identifying and quantifying environmental change. <br/><p><br/><p>The TM instrument is an advanced, multispectral scanning, Earth resources sensor which is designed to categorise the Earth's surface. It is particularly useful for agricultural applications and identification of land use. <br/><p><br/><p>This product is a single, cohesive Analysis Ready Data (ARD) package, which allows you to analyse surface reflectance data as is, without the need to apply additional corrections. <br/><p><br/><p>It contains three sub-products that provide corrections or attribution information:<br/><p><br/><p> 1) GA Landsat 5 TM NBAR Collection 3 <br/><p> 2) GA Landsat 5 TM NBART Collection 3<br/><p> 3) GA Landsat 5 TM OA Collection 3<br/><p><br/><p>The resolution is a 30 m grid based on the USGS Landsat Collection 1 archive
GA Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS Analysis Ready Data Collection 3
No full textMaintenance and Update Frequency: asNeededStatement: This product is derived from the USGS Landsat Collection 1 archive.
The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) MCD43A1 Version 6 Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function and Albedo (BRDF/Albedo) Model Parameters dataset was provided by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). It was produced daily using 16 days of Terra and Aqua MODIS data at 500 m resolution.
The ozone data was provided by Environment Canada.
The Aerosol Optical Thickness data was provided by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO).
The Precipitable Water for Entire Atmosphere data was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) / Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) / Physical Sciences Division (PSD).
The baseline Digital Surface Model (DSM) data produced from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) was provided by the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA).
Level 1 Collection 1 data was provided by the United States Geological Survey (USGS)'s Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center.<b>BACKGROUND</b><br/><p><br/><p>The United States Geological Survey's (USGS) Landsat satellite program has been capturing images of the Australian continent for more than 30 years. This data is highly useful for land and coastal mapping studies. <br/><p>In particular, the light reflected from the Earth’s surface (surface reflectance) is important for monitoring environmental resources – such as agricultural production and mining activities – over time. <br/><p>We need to make accurate comparisons of imagery acquired at different times, seasons and geographic locations. However, inconsistencies can arise due to variations in atmospheric conditions, sun position, sensor view angle, surface slope and surface aspect. These need to be reduced or removed to ensure the data is consistent and can be compared over time. <br/><p> </p><br/><b>WHAT THIS PRODUCT OFFERS</b><br/><p><br/><p>GA Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS Analysis Ready Data Collection 3 takes Landsat 8 imagery captured over the Australian continent and corrects for inconsistencies across land and coastal fringes. The result is accurate and standardised surface reflectance data, which is instrumental in identifying and quantifying environmental change. <br/><p><br/><p>The imagery is captured using the Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Thermal Infra-Red Scanner (TIRS) sensors aboard Landsat 8.<br/><p><br/><p>This product is a single, cohesive Analysis Ready Data (ARD) package, which allows you to analyse surface reflectance data as is, without the need to apply additional corrections. <br/><p><br/><p>It contains three sub-products that provide corrections or attribution information:<br/><p><br/><p> 1) GA Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS NBAR Collection 3 <br/><p> 2) GA Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS NBART Collection 3<br/><p> 3) GA Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS OA Collection 3<br/><p><br/><p>The resolution is a 30 m grid based on the USGS Landsat Collection 1 archive
Correction: The Effect of Rural-to-Urban Migration on Obesity and Diabetes in India: A Cross-Sectional Study
No full text[This corrects the article on p. e1000268 in vol. 7.].
The Academic Editor's name and institution were erroneously omitted from the metadata of the PDF and HTML versions of this article. The Academic Editor providing expert input on this paper was Peter Byass, Umeå Centre for Global Health Research, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Sweden. For more information about the role of the Academic Editor in PLoS Medicine's editorial process, see our Author Guidelines: http://www.plosmedicine.org/static/guidelines.action#overview
Community Interventions for Health can support clinicians in advising patients to reduce tobacco use, improve dietary intake and increase physical activity
No full textAims and objectives To increase clinical interventions to reduce modifiable risk factors for non-communicable disease in low and middle-income countries Background Non-communicable disease is the leading cause of death in the world and is common in low and middle-income countries. Risk factors for non-communicable disease are modifiable and health professionals are in an unique position to intervene and influence them. Design Clinical interventions were utilized as part of the Community Interventions for Health programme, a non-randomised, controlled study undertaken in three communities – one each in China, India and Mexico. Methods All clinicians in intervention and control areas of the study were invited to complete surveys. 2280 completed surveys at baseline and 2501 at follow-up. Culturally appropriate interventions to reduce tobacco use, improve dietary intake and increase physical activity were delivered in the intervention areas. Results Clinicians in the intervention group felt more prepared to advise smoking cessation and improvement of diet. They were more likely to test serum cholesterol and blood pressure but less likely to take measurements of height, hip, waist and skinfold thickness. There were more resources available to clinicians in the intervention group and they used counselling more and complementary medicine less than those in the control group. Conclusions Community interventions which have been shown to have a positive effect in the community and workplace also change clinical practice. Relevance to clinical practice Community interventions make clinicians, including nurses, more likely to feel prepared to offer advice and more likely to use counselling. This would be expected to reduce risk factors in patients
Reducing Health Risk Factors in Workplaces of Low and Middle-Income Countries
No full textObjective: To reduce risk factors in workplace settings in low- and middle-income countries. Design and Sample: Workplace interventions were utilized as part of the Community Interventions for Health program, a nonrandomized, controlled study undertaken in three communities in China, India, and Mexico. Exactly, 45 industrial, 82 health and 101 school workplace settings with a target population of 15,726. Two independent cross-sectional surveys of workers were conducted at baseline and follow-up, after 18-24 months of intervention activities. Measures: Culturally appropriate interventions to reduce tobacco use, increase physical activity, and improve dietary intake were delivered in the intervention areas. Results: Exactly, 12,136 adults completed surveys at baseline, and 9,786 at follow-up. In the intervention group, the prevalence of tobacco use reduced significantly in men (-6.0%, p <.001) and the proportion eating five portions of fruit and vegetables daily increased (+6.9%, p <.001) compared with the control group. There were no significant differences between the groups for changes in physical activity or prevalence of overweight. Conclusions: Workplace interventions improved risk factors in China, India, and Mexico
Immunization in developing countries : its political and organizational determinants
No full textThe authors use cross-national social, political, economic, and institutional data to explain why some countries have stronger immunization programs than others, as measured by diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) and measles vaccine coverage rates and the adoption of the hepatitis B vaccine. After reveiwing the existing literature on demand- and supply-side side factors that affect immunization programs, the authors find that the elements that most affect immunization programs in low- and middle-income countries involve broad changes in the global policy environment and contact with international agencies. Democracies tend to have lower coverage rates than autocracies, perhaps because bureaucratic elites have an affinity for immunization programs and are granted more autonomy in autocracies, althought this effect is not visible in low-income countries. The authors also find that the quality of a nation's institutions and its level of development are strongly related to immunization rate coverage and vaccine adoption, and that coverage rates are in general more a function of supply-side than demand effects. there is no evidence that epidemics or polio eradication campaigns affect immunization rates one way or another, or that average immunization rates increase following outbreaks of diphtheria, pertussis, or measles.Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Disease Control&Prevention,Insurance&Risk Mitigation,Public Health Promotion,Early Child and Children's Health,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Early Child and Children's Health,Insurance&Risk Mitigation,ICT Policy and Strategies,Health Economics&Finance
